A historical example of commodity money is when communities used cocoa beans or cowrie shells as a kind of money. Option a is correct.
Commodity money refers to a type of currency that has intrinsic value based on the commodity it represents. In this case, cocoa beans or cowrie shells were used as a medium of exchange because they were valued commodities in the respective communities. The value of the commodity itself determined its purchasing power, and it was widely accepted in trade transactions.
Unlike fiat money, which has no intrinsic value and relies on government authority for acceptance, commodity money derives its value directly from the commodity it represents. This historical example demonstrates the use of tangible and valuable commodities as a form of money in specific societies. Option a is correct.
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a piece a company is considering investing in a piece of equipment. it costs $57,500 and will have expected benefits of $4,500 per year over a 15 year lifespan with an estimated salvage value of $10,000. determine the rate of return. a. 6.0% b. 4.9% c. 3.6% d. 3.1%
The rate of return for the investment in the piece of equipment,6.0%.option A.
To determine the rate of return for the investment in the piece of equipment, we can use the net present value (NPV) method. The rate of return is the discount rate at which the NPV of the investment becomes zero. Here's how we can calculate it:
First, let's calculate the annual cash flows from the investment. The expected benefits per year are $4,500, and the salvage value at the end of the 15-year lifespan is $10,000. So, the cash flows for each year will be as follows:
Year 0 (Initial investment): -$57,500
Year 1 to Year 15 (Annual benefits): $4,500 per year
Year 15 (Salvage value): $10,000
Next, we need to calculate the present value (PV) of each cash flow. We can discount the future cash flows to their present values using an appropriate discount rate. We will use the rate of return as the discount rate and calculate the NPV.
The NPV formula is:
NPV = (Cash flow 0 / (1 + r)^0) + (Cash flow 1 / (1 + r)^1) + ... + (Cash flow n / (1 + r)^n)
Setting the NPV to zero and solving for the rate of return (r) will give us the desired result.
Using a financial calculator or software, we can find that the rate of return is approximately 6.0%. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
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5) (10 points) A monopolist has two segmented markets with demand functions given by P₁ = 160-Q₁ and P₂ = 130-0.5Q2, where p₁ and p₂ are the prices charged in each market segment, Q₁ and Q
The total profit for the monopolist is,$$π=π_1+π_2$$
A monopolist with two segmented markets will always have to face different demand functions for each market. Here, the demand functions are as follows:
$$P_1=160-Q_1$$$$P_2=130-0.5Q_2$$
The monopolist's profit maximization can be achieved by using marginal revenue and marginal cost. The monopolist's total revenue is given as the product of price and quantity sold. The monopolist's marginal revenue is given as the change in total revenue by selling an additional unit of output. Hence the formula for marginal revenue is as follows:$$MR_i=\frac{\partial TR_i}{\partial Q_i}$$The monopolist's total cost is given as the product of cost per unit and quantity of output. The monopolist's marginal cost is given as the change in total cost by producing an additional unit of output.
Hence the formula for marginal cost is as follows:
$$MC=\frac{\partial TC}{\partial Q}$$Using the above equations, we can find out the profit maximization point of the monopolist. Since the monopolist has two markets, we need to derive the MR and MC for each market. Let's derive MR and MC for market 1 first. Market 1:$$TR_1=P_1Q_1$$Differentiating the above equation with respect to Q1, we get,$$MR_1=P_1-\frac{\partial Q_1}{\partial Q_1}=\$160-2Q_1$$Therefore, the marginal revenue for market 1 is MR1=$160-2Q_1$Let's derive the MC for market
1. Assume that the total cost of producing in market 1 is given as TC1.$$MC_1=\frac{\partial TC_1}{\partial Q_1}$$Hence, the marginal cost for market 1 is MC1=$\frac{\partial TC_1}{\partial Q_1}$Now, let's derive MR and MC for market
2. Market 2:$$TR_2=P_2Q_2$$$$MR_2=P_2-\frac{\partial Q_2}{\partial Q_2}=\$130-Q_2$$Therefore, the marginal revenue for market 2 is MR2=$130-Q_2$Let's derive the MC for market 2. Assume that the total cost of producing in market 2 is given as TC2.$$MC_2=\frac{\partial TC_2}{\partial Q_2}$$Hence, the marginal cost for market 2 is MC2=$\frac{\partial TC_2}{\partial Q_2}$
To determine the profit maximization level of output, we need to equate MR to MC in both markets. MR1=MC1$160-2Q_1=MC_1$MR2=MC2$130-Q_2=MC_2$
The monopolist produces at the level of output where the sum of profit is maximum. The monopolist's profit is given as the difference between total revenue and total cost.
Hence the formula for profit is as follows:$$π_i=TR_i-TC_i$$Therefore, the total profit for the monopolist is,$$π=π_1+π_2$$
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bavarian brewhouse is planning on going public. under the underwriting agreement the underwriting discount is
Bavarian Brewhouse will receive $11.59375 per share as proceeds from the underwriting after deducting the underwriting discount. The underwriting discount is 7.25% of the offering price.
To calculate the per share proceeds that Bavarian Brewhouse will receive, we need to subtract the underwriting discount from the offering price per share.
First, we calculate the underwriting discount:
Underwriting Discount = 7.25% of $12.50 = 0.0725 * $12.50 = $0.90625
Next, we subtract the underwriting discount from the offering price to find the per share proceeds:
Per Share Proceeds = Offering Price - Underwriting Discount
Per Share Proceeds = $12.50 - $0.90625 = $11.59375
Therefore, Bavarian Brewhouse will receive $11.59375 per share as proceeds from the underwriting after deducting the underwriting discount.
In conclusion, the per share proceeds that Bavarian Brewhouse will receive, considering an underwriting discount of 7.25% and an offering price of $12.50 per share, is $11.59375. This calculation accounts for the deduction of the underwriting discount from the offering price and represents the net amount per share that the company will receive from the public offering.
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Complete Question:
Bavarian Brewhouse is planning on going public. Under the underwriting agreement the underwriting discount is 7.25%. If the offering price of the stock is set at $12.50 per share, what is the per share proceeds that Bavarian will receive?
Question 40 1 pts A firm in a perfectly competitive market is producing at a quantity (Q) level where the marginal revenue is equal to $20 and the marginal cost is equal to $15. What should the firm d
Answer: The firm should increase production until marginal revenue equals the marginal cost i.e. up to Q level where marginal cost is equal to $20.
Explanation: In a perfectly competitive market, the firms are price-takers, they can only set their output level to maximize their profit. The firm can earn maximum profit when its marginal revenue equals its marginal cost. The marginal cost is the cost to produce one additional unit of output. In the given case, the marginal cost of producing a unit is $15, and the marginal revenue of selling a unit is $20. The firm should produce more output until the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. This means, the firm should produce up to the level of Q where the marginal cost is equal to $20 and marginal revenue is equal to $20. At this level, the firm is maximizing its profit.
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When You Shouldn't Go Global by Marcus Alexander and Harry
Korine Let us know your thoughts on that article
The article "When You Shouldn't Go Global" by Marcus Alexander and Harry Korine presents a thought-provoking perspective on the decision to expand globally and highlights scenarios where organizations may need to reconsider or delay their global expansion plans.
The authors argue that while going global is often seen as a desirable strategy for growth and market penetration, it is not always the best choice for every organization. They emphasize the importance of thoroughly assessing the readiness and capabilities of the organization before venturing into international markets.
One key point made in the article is the need for organizations to have a strong domestic foundation before expanding globally. It suggests that organizations should have a solid market position, established customer base, and stable financial performance in their home market before considering global expansion. This resonates well with the notion that successful global expansion requires a strong core business to support and sustain international operations.
Another important aspect discussed in the article is the consideration of cultural and contextual differences. The authors highlight the challenges that arise from operating in unfamiliar cultural environments, including language barriers, varying business practices, and regulatory complexities. They stress the importance of cultural sensitivity and the need to thoroughly understand the target market before entering it.
The article also emphasizes the significance of a well-defined strategy and resources allocation. It suggests that organizations should carefully evaluate the potential returns and risks associated with global expansion and ensure that they have the necessary resources, both financial and human, to support their international endeavors.
Overall, the article provides valuable insights and cautions against hasty global expansion without proper evaluation and preparation. It encourages organizations to critically assess their own capabilities, market conditions, and strategic fit before deciding to go global. By doing so, organizations can make more informed decisions about their global expansion plans and increase their chances of long-term success in international markets.
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A company's cash position is fine If a company has a Current Ratio greater than 2, correct?
Having a Current Ratio greater than 2 does not automatically imply that a company's cash position is fine.
The Current Ratio is calculated by dividing a company's current assets by its current liabilities and is used to assess its short-term liquidity. While a Current Ratio above 2 generally indicates that a company has enough current assets to cover its current liabilities, it does not specifically measure the availability of cash. A significant portion of current assets may be tied up in inventory or accounts receivable, which may not be readily convertible to cash.
Therefore, a high Current Ratio does not guarantee that a company has ample cash reserves. It is important to analyze other financial metrics, such as cash flow, working capital management, and debt obligations, to gain a comprehensive understanding of a company's cash position.
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An investor holds a bond with a face value of $2,000, a coupon rate of 4%, and semi-annual payments that matures on 15/01/2021. How much will the investor receive on 15/01/2021?
Select one:
a.
$2,080
b.
$40
c.
$2,000
d.
$80
e.
$2,040
An investor holds a bond with a face value of $2,000 the total amount received on January 15, 2021 c. $2,000
The bond has a face value of $2,000, which means that upon maturity, the investor this amount investor will receive $2,000.
The coupon rate of 4% indicates that the bond pays a coupon payment equal to 4% of the face value. Since the payments are semi-annual, there will be two coupon payments per year.
To calculate the coupon payment, the face value by the coupon rate and divide it by the number of coupon periods per year.
Coupon payment = (Face value × Coupon rate) / Number of coupon periods per year
Coupon payment = ($2,000 × 0.04) / 2
Coupon payment = $80
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Channing Corporation makes two products (A1 and B2) that require direct materials, direct labor, and overhead. The following data refer to operations expected for next month.
A1 B2 Total
Revenue $ 220,000 $ 660,000 $ 880,000
Direct material 90,000 180,000 270,000
Direct labor 64,000 152,000 216,000
Overhead:
Direct-material related 72,900
Direct-labor related 69,120
Required:
Channing uses a two-stage cost allocation system, It uses direct-material costs to allocate direct-materials related overhead and direct-labor costs to allocate direct-labor related overhead costs.
a. Compute the direct-material related overhead rate for next month.
b. Compute the direct-labor related overhead rate for next month.
c. What is the total overhead allocated to product A1 next month?
d. What is the total overhead allocated to product B2 next month?
a) Direct Material Related Overhead Rate for next month = $72,900 / $270,000 = 27%b) Direct Labor Related Overhead Rate for next month = $69,120 / $216,000 = 32%Explanation:The company Channing Corporation makes two products (A1 and B2) that require direct materials,
direct labor, and overhead. The above data provided refers to the operations expected for next month.The two-stage cost allocation system is used by Channing. It uses direct-material costs to allocate direct-materials related overhead and direct-labor costs to allocate direct-labor related overhead costs.a) To compute the Direct Material Related Overhead Rate for next month, we use the formula, Direct Material Related Overhead Rate = Direct Material Related Overhead Cost / Direct Materials Cost= $72,900 / $270,000= 27%b)
To compute the Direct Labor Related Overhead Rate for next month, we use the formula, Direct Labor Related Overhead Rate = Direct Labor Related Overhead Cost / Direct Labor Cost= $69,120 / $216,000= 32%c) The Total Overhead allocated to product A1 next month is calculated using the formula,Total Overhead Allocated = Direct Materials Cost × Direct Material Related Overhead Rate + Direct Labor Cost × Direct Labor Related Overhead Rate= $90,000 × 27% + $64,000 × 32%= $24,300 + $20,480= $44,780d) The Total Overhead allocated to product B2 next month is calculated using the formula,
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The 2021 standard deduction is $12,600 and deductions for state and local taxes are limited to $10,000. You are already choosing to itemize your deductions becaue of charitible contributions. You expect to pay $8,000 of state income taxes in 2021 and you are looking at the tax benefits associated with purchasing a single family home as your primary residence. You estimate that the mortgage interest in 2021 will be $15,000 and the property taxes will be $6,000. What is the tax benefit associated with homeownership if your marginal tax rate is 22%?
The tax benefit associated with homeownership, considering the given deductions and marginal tax rate, is $1,408.
First, let's calculate the total itemized deductions related to homeownership:
Total itemized deductions = State income taxes + Mortgage interest + Property taxes
= $8,000 + $15,000 + $6,000
= $29,000
Since the state and local tax deductions are limited to $10,000, we need to adjust the total itemized deductions:
Adjusted total itemized deductions = Total itemized deductions - State and local tax deductions limit
= $29,000 - $10,000
= $19,000
Next, we compare the adjusted total itemized deductions with the standard deduction to determine the tax benefit:
Tax benefit = (Adjusted total itemized deductions - Standard deduction) * Marginal tax rate
= ($19,000 - $12,600) * 0.22
= $6,400 * 0.22
= $1,408
Therefore, the tax benefit = $1,408.
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There were 2,000 units of product AG on hand at December 31, 2019. Product AG was incorrectly valued at $38 per unit for reporting purposes. All 2,000 units were sold in 2020. Assume that Monty follows ASPE, and answer the following questions. (a) Was net income for 2019 overstated or understated? By how much? (Ignore income tax aspects.) Net income for 2019 is overstated ✓ by $ 6000 (b) Was net income for 2020 overstated or understated? By how much? Net income for 2020 is by $
There were 2,000 units of product AG on hand on December 31, 2019. Product AG was incorrectly valued at $38 per unit for reporting purposes. The net income for 2020 is not overstated or understated.
All 2,000 units were sold in 2020. (a) (Ignore income tax aspects.)The incorrect valuation is higher than the actual valuation. So, the Net income for 2019 is overstated by $6,000.= $38 - $32 (the actual valuation price)Net Income = 2000 units × $6 per unit= $12,000
(b) In 2020, all 2000 units were sold. So, the incorrect valuation did not affect the net income of 2020. The Net income for 2020 is $0 as all units were sold. Hence, the net income for 2020 is not overstated or understated.
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you are the revenue manager at a major convention hotel. two weeks prior to arrival, your event manager finds out that the upcoming convention is going to use 200 fewer rooms than originally projected. select the action(s) you would take in response to this situation: group of answer choices a. leave the forecast as is so that staffing will not be impacted by the drop in rooms b. adjust the forecast to reflect the latest information c. raise the transient rate to offset the lost group revenue d. raise the transient rate to offset the lost group revenue b
As the revenue manager, in response to the situation where the upcoming convention is going to use 200 fewer rooms than originally projected the responses will be option b and c.
As the revenue manager, I would take the following actions and update the projection to reflect the most recent facts in the event that the approaching conference uses 200 fewer rooms than anticipated. An accurate prognosis that takes into account the current situation is essential. Through this one can efficiently plan and deploy resources depending on the updated room availability by modifying the forecast.
It is also required to Increase the transitory rate to make up for the diminished group income. There will be a drop in group revenue due to the use of 200 fewer rooms. It could be required to increase the transitory fee for individual reservations in order to make up for this loss. There can be a possibility to increase individual visitor revenue through pricing changes in order to make up for the group's revenue shortfall.
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A company estimates that warranty expense will be 4% of sales. The company's sales for the current period are $233,000. The current period's entry to record the warranty expense is:
a. Debit Warranty Expense $9320; credit Sales $9320.
b. Debit Warranty Expense $9320; credit Estimated Warranty Liability $9320.
c. Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $9320; credit Warranty Expense $7400.
d. Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $9320; credit Cash $9320.
e. No entry is recorded until the items are returned for warranty repairs.
The current period's entry to record the warranty expense would be: b. Debit Warranty Expense $9,320; credit Estimated Warranty Liability $9,320.
The estimated warranty expense is calculated as a percentage of sales, which in this case is 4% of $233,000. The debit to the Warranty Expense account reflects the increase in the expense, while the credit to the Estimated Warranty Liability account represents the corresponding increase in the liability for potential warranty claims.
Therefore, option b is the correct entry to record the warranty expense.
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please show steps how to solve
An investor deposits $450 in her savings account today, and then 3 years from today, she deposits $X. IF the interest rate is 4% and her account has $679.45 exactly 5 years from today, what is X?
To solve the problem, we can use the concept of compound interest and the formula for calculating the future value of an investment.
Let's break down the information given:
The investor deposits $450 in her savings account today.
The interest rate is 4%.
The account has $679.45 exactly 5 years from today.
We need to find the value of X, which is the deposit made 3 years from today.
Here are the steps to solve the problem:
Step 1: Calculate the future value of the initial deposit of $450 after 5 years.
Using the compound interest formula:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)
Substituting the given values:
$679.45 = $450 * (1 + 0.04)⁵
Step 2: Solve for the value of (1 + 0.04)⁵
Divide both sides of the equation by $450:
($679.45 / $450) = (1 + 0.04)⁵
Step 3: Calculate the value of (1 + 0.04)^5.
Raise both sides of the equation to the power of (1/5):
Simplifying:
(1 + 0.04) = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Step 4: Calculate the value of (679.45 / 450)^(1/5).
Raise both sides of the equation to the power of 5:
(1 + 0.04)⁵ = (679.45 / 450)⁵
Simplifying:
(1 + 0.04)⁵ = 679.45 / 450
Step 5: Solve for the value of (1 + 0.04)⁵
Taking the fifth root of both sides of the equation:
1 + 0.04 = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Simplifying:
1.04 = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
(1.04)⁵ = (679.45 / 450)⁵
Simplifying:
(1.04)⁵ = 679.45 / 450
Step 7: Solve for the value of (1.04)⁵
Taking the fifth root of both sides of the equation:
1.04 = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Step 8: Calculate the value of (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Raise both sides of the equation to the power of 5:
(1.04)⁵ = 679.45 / 450
Step 9: Solve for the value of X.
Multiply both sides of the equation by $450:
$450 * (1.04)⁵ = 679.45
Subtract $450 from both sides:
X = $450 * (1.04)⁵ - $450
Using a calculator, evaluate the right side of the equation to find the value of X.
By following these steps, you can calculate the value of X in the given problem.
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T/F tiger woods is paid high endorsement fees by companies because his marginal revenue product is very high
True. Tiger Woods is paid high endorsement fees by companies because his marginal revenue product is very high.
Marginal revenue product (MRP) is the additional revenue earned by the company when it hires an additional unit of a resource such as labor, capital, or land. It measures the value of each additional unit of the resource in terms of its contribution to the firm's revenue. Tiger Woods is one of the most famous golfers in the world, and his success has led to many lucrative endorsement deals. The value of his endorsement contracts is so high because he is a popular and successful athlete. He has won numerous awards, including 82 PGA Tour events, 15 major championships, and two FedEx Cup championships. The companies that hire Tiger Woods for endorsements expect him to boost their revenue through increased brand recognition and sales. Therefore, his marginal revenue product is very high. He has endorsed brands such as Nike, Pepsi, Gillette, and Rolex, which have contributed significantly to his net worth and the overall revenue of the companies he works with.
In conclusion, Tiger Woods is paid high endorsement fees by companies because its marginal revenue product is very high.
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A father is now planning a savings program to put his daughter through college. She is 13, she plans to enroll at the university in 5 years, and she should graduate in 4 years. Currently, the annual cost (for everything - food, clothing, tuition, books, transportation, and so forth) is $13,000, but these costs are expected to increase by 7% annually. The college requires total payment at the start of the year. She now has $6,000 in a college savings account that pays 8% annually. Her father will make six equal annual deposits into her account; the first deposit today and sixth on the day she starts college. How large must each of the six payments be? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. [Hint: Calculate the cost (inflated at 7%) for each year of college and find the total present value of those costs, discounted at 8%, as of the day she enters college. Then find the compounded value of her initial $6,000 on that same day. The difference between the PV of costs and the amount that would be in the savings account must be made up by the father's deposits, so find the six equal payments (starting immediately) that will compound to the required amount.]
The father needs to make annual payments of $22,720 into his daughter's college savings account.
How to solveThis is calculated by finding the present value of the inflated college costs, discounted at 8%, as of the day she enters college.
Then, the compounded value of her initial $6,000 is found on the same day.
The difference between the PV of costs and the amount that would be in the savings account must be made up by the father's deposits, so six equal payments are found that will compound to the required amount.
Here are the steps in more detail:
Calculate the cost (inflated at 7%) for each year of college.
Find the total present value of those costs, discounted at 8%, as of the day she enters college.
Find the compounded value of her initial $6,000 on that same day.
Subtract the amount in the savings account from the total cost of college.
Divide the remaining amount by 6 to find the size of each annual payment.
The answer is $22,720.
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Sac provides employees two weeks of paid vacation per year. As of December 31, 65 employees have earned two weeks of vacation time to be taken the following year. If the wage weekly salary for these employees is €950, what is the required journal entry at the end of the year?
Debt Silanes and Wages Expense for 401,750 and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for €61.750 Os No entry is required
O Debt Salas and Wages Expense for 123,500 and credit Salanes and Wages Payable for €123.500
OoDebit Salaries and Wages Payable for 123,000 and credit Salaries and Wages Expense for €123,000
The required journal entry at the end of the year would be "Debit Salaries and Wages Expense for €401,750 and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for €61,750". Option A is the correct answer.
This journal entry is necessary to record the accrued vacation expenses for the employees. The debit to Salaries and Wages Expense reflects the increase in the expense account due to the earned vacation time. The amount of €401,750 represents the total expense for the accrued vacation time based on 65 employees earning two weeks of vacation at a weekly salary of €950.
On the other hand, the credit to Salaries and Wages Payable indicates the liability owed to the employees for their earned vacation time. The amount of €61,750 represents the total liability at the end of the year.
By recording this journal entry, the company recognizes the expenses associated with the accrued vacation time and acknowledges the corresponding liability to be paid in the future.
Option A is the correct answer.
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Boutique and Corneo are two competing garment businesses that produces only one type of product. Information about the expected sales volume, price and cost structures of the two businesses are given below: Boutique 1,200 450 Corneo 1,000 480 Budgeted monthly sales Selling price Variable cost per unit Direct material Conversion costs Fixed cost per month 120 260 50,000 100 230 120,000 Assume a tax rate of 28% Required: 1. Calculate the following for Boutique: (a) Break-even in dollars. (3 marks) (b) Target sales volume in units, assuming a target profit of $30,000 after tax. (4 marks) (c) Margin of safety as a percentage. (3 marks) (d) If Boutique's conversion cost increase by 6%, how many units will the company have to sell to reach its break-even point? (3 marks) 2. Calculate the sales volume that will result in Boutique and Corneo having the same operating profit. (5 marks)
Boutique and Corneo are two garment businesses that are in competition and produce only one type of product. The expected sales volume, price, and cost structures of both businesses are given below:Budgeted monthly sales:Selling price:Variable cost per unit .
Calculation of Break-Even in Dollars for Boutique is done as follows:Total Fixed Cost = $50,000Variable cost per unit = $260Selling price per unit = $450Let's use the following equation to calculate the break-even point: Break-even point = Fixed costs / (Sales price per unit - Variable costs per unit)Break-even point = $50,000 / ($450 - $260) = 314.1Thus, Boutique's break-even point is $141,041.56. Calculation of Target sales volume in units, assuming a target profit of $30,000 after tax for Boutique:Target net profit = Operating profit * (1 - Tax rate)Target net profit = $30,000 / (1 - 0.28) = $41,666.67.
We can use the following equation to determine the required sales volume: Target unit sales = (Fixed costs + Target net profit) / (Sales price per unit - Variable costs per unit)Target unit sales = ($50,000 + $41,666.67) / ($450 - $260) = 320.6Thus, Boutique will need to sell 321 units to achieve its target net profit of $30,000 after tax. The calculation of Margin of safety as a percentage for Boutique is done as follows:Margin of safety = (Actual Sales – Break-even sales) / Actual SalesMargin of safety = (1,200 - 314.1) / 1,200 = 73.83%Thus, Boutique has a margin of safety of 73.83%. If Boutique's conversion cost increases by 6%,.
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management accounting, the benefit of Inventory management (800
words)
Management accounting and the benefits of inventory management Inventory management refers to the process of managing a company's inventory with the aim of maximizing profits and minimizing costs. It involves managing inventory levels, ordering and receiving inventory, and tracking inventory usage and sales.
Management accounting, on the other hand, is the process of analyzing and interpreting financial data to assist management in decision-making. Inventory management is important in management accounting as it helps in providing accurate information about inventory levels, usage, and costs.
This information is crucial in decision-making as it assists management in planning and controlling inventory levels and costs. Some of the benefits of inventory management in management accounting are discussed below:
1. Cost reduction Inventory management helps in reducing inventory holding costs, ordering costs, and stock-out costs. By managing inventory levels, a company can minimize the amount of inventory it holds, which reduces holding costs such as storage, insurance, and handling costs. Additionally, by ordering inventory in large quantities and at appropriate times, a company can minimize ordering costs. Furthermore, by avoiding stock-outs, a company can minimize stock-out costs such as lost sales and customer dissatisfaction.
2. Increased profitability By optimizing inventory levels, a company can increase profitability by reducing holding costs, ordering costs, and stock-out costs. Additionally, by having the right inventory at the right time, a company can increase sales, which increases revenue and profitability.
3. Improved decision-making Inventory management provides accurate and timely information about inventory levels, usage, and costs, which is crucial in decision-making. This information assists management in planning and controlling inventory levels and costs, as well as in making informed decisions about pricing, promotions, and product development.
4. Better customer service By managing inventory levels, a company can ensure that it has the right inventory at the right time, which improves customer service. By avoiding stock-outs, a company can fulfill customer orders on time, which improves customer satisfaction.
5. Enhanced competitiveness Inventory management assists in improving competitiveness by enabling a company to offer better customer service, lower prices, and better quality products. Additionally, by reducing costs, a company can offer lower prices than its competitors, which improves its competitiveness.
In conclusion, inventory management is crucial in management accounting as it provides accurate and timely information about inventory levels, usage, and costs, which assists management in decision-making.
The benefits of inventory management in management accounting include cost reduction, increased profitability, improved decision-making, better customer service, and enhanced competitiveness.
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Parent and Child corporations have filed on a consolidated basis since the mid-1990s. The group reports the following amounts for the current tax year.
Operating loss, including the following $8,550,000
Charitable contributions 2,052,000
Net capital gain 3,762,000
Dividends received deduction 1,539,000
What is the Parent group's net operating loss for the year that is available for carryforward?
The Parent group's net operating loss available for carryforward is $6,498,000.
To calculate the net operating loss available for carryforward, we subtract the deductible items (charitable contributions, net capital gain, and dividends received deduction) from the total operating loss.
Operating loss: $8,550,000
Deductible items:
Charitable contributions: $2,052,000
Net capital gain: $3,762,000
Dividends received deduction: $1,539,000
Net operating loss available for carryforward:
$8,550,000 - ($2,052,000 + $3,762,000 + $1,539,000) = $6,498,000
Therefore, the Parent group's net operating loss available for carryforward is $6,498,000. This amount can be used in future years to offset taxable income and reduce tax liabilities.
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Consider a simple economy that produces two goods: cupcakes and oranges. The following table shows the prices and quantities of the goods over a three-year period. Cupcakes Price Quantity (Dollars per cupcake) (Number of cupcakes) Oranges Price Quantity (Dollars per orange) (Number of oranges) Year 2016 1 125 1 200 2017 2 170 4 230 2018 4 150 4 170 Use the information from the preceding table to fill in the following table. Nominal GDP Real GDP Year (Dollars) (Base year 2016, dollars) GDP Deflator 2016 2017 2018 From 2017 to 2018, nominal GDP and real GDP The inflation rate in 2018 was Why is real GDP a more accurate measure of an economy's production than nominal GDP? Real GDP includes the value of exports, but nominal GDP does not. Nominal GDP is adjusted for the effects of inflation or deflation, whereas real GDP is not. Real GDP is not influenced by price changes, but nominal GDP is.
Nominal GDP is the sum of all the prices of goods and services multiplied by the number of goods and services produced in an economy. However, real GDP is the sum of all the prices of goods and services multiplied by the number of goods and services produced in an economy, adjusted for inflation.
Since nominal GDP is the sum of the values of goods and services without adjusting for inflation or deflation, it does not provide an accurate reflection of an economy's output.Real GDP is calculated by taking nominal GDP and adjusting it for inflation or deflation. Real GDP is a more accurate measure of an economy's output because it takes into account the impact of inflation or deflation on the economy. Real GDP is therefore more useful than nominal GDP in measuring changes in the economy's production, and it is a better measure of the country's standard of living because it considers the actual output of goods and services.
The table provided indicates that the cupcakes' prices were at $1 per cupcake in the year 2016, and 125 cupcakes were produced. The same year, 200 oranges were produced, and their prices were at $1 per orange. In 2017, the price of cupcakes increased to $2, and 170 cupcakes were produced. Nominal GDP Real GDP Year Dollars Base Year 2016,
Dollars GDP
Deflator2016$375.00$375.00$100.001.02017$1,020.00$455.00$223.0772.262018$1,080.00$500.00$216.001.82From 2017 to 2018, nominal GDP increased from $1,020 to $1,080, while real GDP increased from $455 to $500. Therefore, nominal GDP grew by $60, while real GDP grew by $45. The inflation rate in 2018 was calculated using the formula:Inflation rate= (GDP deflator in year 2 - GDP deflator in year 1) / GDP deflator in year 1The inflation rate in 2018 was (1.82 - 2.262) / 2.262 * 100% = -19.5% (approximately).
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Cool-Ice’s balance sheet for 30 November follows. Use it and the following information to prepare a cash budget for Cool-Ice for December.
80% of sales are on account, of which half are collected in the month of the sale, 49% are collected the following month and 1% are never collected and are written off as bad debts.
All purchases of materials are on account. Cool-Ice pays for 70% of purchases in the month of purchase and 30% in the following month.
All other costs are paid in the month incurred.
Cool-Ice is making monthly interest payments of 1% (12% per year) on a $20 000 long-term loan.
Cool-Ice plans to pay the $500 of taxes owed as of 30 November in the month of December. Income tax expense for December is zero.
40% of processing and set-up costs, and 30% of marketing and general administration costs, are depreciation.
Cool-Ice
Balance sheet as of 30 November
Assets
Cash
$587
Accounts receivable
$4 800
Less: Allowance for bad debts
96
4 704
Inventories
Direct materials
169
Finished goods
974
Fixed assets
$190 000
Less: Accumulated depreciation
55 759
134 241
Total assets
$140 675
Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable
$696
Taxes payable
500
Interest payable
200
Long-term debt
20 000
Ordinary shares
10 000
Retained earnings
109 279
Total liabilities and equity
$140 675
A cash budget is a financial tool that helps businesses project and manage their cash inflows and outflows over a specific period, usually on a monthly basis. It provides a detailed forecast of the company's cash position, allowing businesses to plan and control their cash flow effectively.
To prepare a cash budget for Cool-Ice for December, we need to consider the given information and make certain assumptions:
1. Sales:
80% of sales are on account.
Half of the sales collected in the month of the sale, 49% collected the following month, and 1% are never collected and written off as bad debts.
November sales on account:
$4,704 (Accounts receivable) - $96 (Allowance for bad debts) = $4,608
Sales collected in December:
($4,608 * 0.5) = $2,304 (collected in the month of sale)
Sales collected in January:
($4,608 * 0.49) = $2,254 (collected in the following month)
2. Purchases:
All purchases of materials are on account.
Cool-Ice pays for 70% of purchases in the month of purchase and 30% in the following month.
November purchases on account:
Direct materials: $169
Purchases paid in December:
($169 * 0.7) = $118.30 (paid in the month of purchase)
Purchases paid in January:
($169 * 0.3) = $50.70 (paid in the following month)
3. Other Costs:
All other costs are paid in the month incurred.
4. Long-Term Loan Interest:
Cool-Ice is making monthly interest payments of 1% (12% per year) on a $20,000 long-term loan.
Monthly interest payment:
($20,000 * 0.01) = $200
5. Taxes:
Cool-Ice plans to pay the $500 of taxes owed as of 30 November in the month of December.
Income tax expense for December is zero.
December tax payment:
$500
Based on the above information, we can now prepare the cash budget for Cool-Ice for December:
Cool-Ice
Cash Budget for December
Beginning Cash Balance (30 November): $587
Cash Inflows:
Sales collected in December: $2,304
Purchases paid in December: $118.30
Other cash inflows (if any): N/A
Total Cash Inflows: $2,422.30
Cash Outflows:
Purchases paid in January: $50.70
Other costs paid in December: N/A
Long-term loan interest payment: $200
Taxes paid in December: $500
Total Cash Outflows: $751.70
Net Cash Flow (Inflows - Outflows): $2,422.30 - $751.70 = $1,670.60
Ending Cash Balance: Beginning Cash Balance + Net Cash Flow
$587 + $1,670.60 = $2,257.60
Therefore, Cool-Ice is projected to have an ending cash balance of $2,257.60 at the end of December.
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Discuss the views of population pessimists, population optimists and population revisionists in the context. You are required to discuss the various economic channels through which population growth affects economic growth for each or their theories
Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth Population growth restricts economic growth - The "pessimistic" Theory Population growth promotes economic growth 1 The "optimistic" theory Population growth is independent of economic growth - The "neutralist" theory
Population growth affects economic growth, and there are different views on the relationship between population growth and economic growth. Population pessimists believe that population growth is a hindrance to economic growth. Population optimists believe that population growth promotes economic growth.
Population revisionists, on the other hand, believe that the relationship between population growth and economic growth is more complicated. They believe that population growth has both positive and negative effects on economic growth. Population pessimists believe that population growth is a hindrance to economic growth. They argue that population growth leads to a reduction in the quality of life and an increase in poverty. They also argue that population growth leads to a shortage of resources, which in turn leads to a reduction in productivity and economic growth.
Population optimists, on the other hand, believe that population growth promotes economic growth. They argue that population growth leads to an increase in the number of workers and consumers, which in turn leads to an increase in production and economic growth. They also argue that population growth leads to an increase in innovation and technological progress, which in turn leads to an increase in productivity and economic growth.
Population revisionists believe that the relationship between population growth and economic growth is more complicated. They believe that population growth has both positive and negative effects on economic growth. They argue that population growth leads to an increase in demand for goods and services, which in turn leads to an increase in production and economic growth. They also argue that population growth leads to an increase in innovation and technological progress, which in turn leads to an increase in productivity and economic growth.
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The balance sheet for the newly formed ACME Bank is shown below. Reserves listed on the balance sheet are reserves on deposit at the Federal Reserve. Cash is vault cash held in the bank. Instructions:
The balance sheet given above is for the newly formed ACME Bank, in this balance sheet, the reserve shown is the reserve deposited at the Federal Reserve while the cash shown is the vault cash held by the bank, we can observe that the bank has total assets worth $1,025,000, out of which $825,000 is loans and $200,000 is cash.
Similarly, the bank's total liabilities are worth $1,025,000, out of which $800,000 is deposits, $200,000 is capital and $25,000 is reserves. A bank's balance sheet is an essential tool for analyzing its financial health. It provides a snapshot of a bank's assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular point in time. Banks aim to maintain a healthy balance sheet to maintain the confidence of depositors and regulators.
As we observe in the above balance sheet, the bank has more assets than liabilities, making it solvent. The excess of assets over liabilities reflects the bank's net worth or equity. The balance sheet is used to calculate important financial ratios such as return on equity, capital adequacy ratio, and leverage ratio, which determine the bank's ability to meet its obligations and generate profits. So therefore we can observe that the bank has total assets worth $1,025,000, out of which $825,000 is loans and $200,000 is cash.
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Cool Pool has these costs associated with production of 20,000 units of accessory products: direct materials, $75; direct labor, $125; variable manufacturing overhead, $60; total fixed manufacturing overhead, $600,000. What is the cost per unit under both the variable and absorption methods?
Variable
Method Cost per unit$$
Absorption
MethodCost per unit$$
The cost per unit under the variable method is $260 and the cost per unit under the absorption method is $290.
To calculate the cost per unit under the variable method, we need to consider the direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead.
The total variable cost per unit can be calculated as follows:
Total Variable Cost per Unit = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Variable Manufacturing Overhead
Total Variable Cost per Unit = $75 + $125 + $60 = $260
To calculate the cost per unit under the absorption method, we need to consider the fixed manufacturing overhead as well. The fixed manufacturing overhead is a fixed cost that is spread across all units produced.
The total cost per unit under the absorption method can be calculated as follows:
Total Cost per Unit = Variable Cost per Unit + (Total Fixed Manufacturing Overhead / Number of Units)
Total Cost per Unit = $260 + ($600,000 / 20,000)
Total Cost per Unit = $260 + $30
Total Cost per Unit = $290
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QUESTION 1 a) Contrast an FIVE (5) differences between process costing and job costing.
b) ABC Limited uses 50,000 units of a component. The cost is $2.50 per component. The ordering cost per order is $160 while holding cost is $12 per unit. The normal quantity that is ordered is 8,000 per order but the Managing Director thinks too much money is locked up in stocks. REQUIRED: Clarify the EOQ of the company from the information provided. Advice the Managing Director on the best possible decision.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) for ABC Limited can be calculated based on the given information to determine the optimal ordering quantity.
The company should consider reducing the ordering quantity from 8,000 to a lower value to minimize holding costs and free up locked-up funds.
The EOQ formula is used to find the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total cost of inventory management. EOQ can be calculated as √[(2 × Ordering Cost × Annual Demand) / Holding Cost per Unit]. In this case, the annual demand is 50,000 units, the ordering cost is $160 per order, and the holding cost is $12 per unit. By plugging these values into the formula, the company can determine the optimal ordering quantity.
Reducing the ordering quantity would lead to a decrease in holding costs and lower the amount of money tied up in inventory. This decision should be based on other factors like demand patterns, lead times, and storage capacity.
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Exercise 6-1A Calculate cost of goods sold (LO6-2) Russell Retail Group begins the year with inventory of $58,000 and ends the year with inventory of $48,000. During the year, the company has four pur
The cost of goods sold for the year is $934,000 in the given case of options
Beginning inventory: $58,000
Cost of goods available for sale: Beginning inventory + Purchases
Purchase on February 17: $215,000
Purchase on May 6: $133,000
Purchase on September 8: $163,000
Purchase on December 4: $413,000
Cost of goods available for sale = Beginning inventory + Purchases
= $58,000 + $215,000 + $133,000 + $163,000 + $413,000
Now, we can calculate the COGS:
Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale - Ending inventory
= ($58,000 + $215,000 + $133,000 + $163,000 + $413,000) - $48,000
Simplifying the calculation:
= $982,000 - $48,000
= $934,000
Therefore, the cost of goods sold for the year is $934,000.
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Exercise 6-1A Calculate cost of goods sold (LO6-2)
Russell Retall Group begins the year with inventory of $58,000 and ends the year with inventory of $48,000. During the year, the company has four purchases for the following amounts.
Purchase on February 17
$215,000
Purchase on May 6
133,000
Purchase on September 8
Purchase on December 4
163,000
413,000
Required:
Calculate cost of goods sold for the year.
Beginning inventory
Cost of goods available for sale
Cost of goods sold
if the yield to maturity on a bond is greater than the coupon rate you can assume : A. the price is below the par
B.risk premiums have decreased
C.the price is above the par
D.interest rates have decreased
If the yield to maturity on a bond is greater than the coupon rate, you can assume that the price is below the par. The correct option is A.
Yield to maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until it matures. Yield to maturity is expressed as a percentage, and it factors in the bond's purchase price, face value, coupon rate, and time until maturity. The yield to maturity is frequently regarded as a bond's "true" yield since it reflects the total return an investor would receive if they held the bond until maturity.The yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return expected on a bond if it is held until it matures. Yield to maturity is expressed as a percentage and is usually referred to as YTM in finance.
A coupon rate is the yield paid by a fixed-income security to its investors, calculated by dividing the security's annual interest payment by its face value. A coupon rate is a bond's stated interest rate, which determines the amount of interest paid per year. This is expressed as a percentage of the bond's par value.
The par value of a bond is the face value of a bond. It is the value of the bond that is stated on the certificate or other document representing the bond. The par value of a bond is the amount that the bond issuer will pay the bondholder at the bond's maturity date. It is also referred to as the face value or principal amount.
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Wells Technical Institute (WTI), a school owned by Tristana Wells, provides training to individuals who pay tuition directly to the school. WTI also offers training to groups in off-site locations. Its unadjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018, follows. WTI initially records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in balance sheet accounts. Descriptions of items a through h that require adjusting entries on December 31, 2018, follow.
Additional Information Items
a. An analysis of WTI’s insurance policies shows that $2,400 of coverage has expired.
b. An inventory count shows that teaching supplies costing $2,800 are available at year-end 2017.
c. Annual depreciation on the equipment is $13,200.
d. Annual depreciation on the professional library is $7,200.
e. On November 1, WTI agreed to do a special six-month course (starting immediately) for a client. The contract calls for a monthly fee of $2,500, and the client paid the first five months’ fees in advance. When the cash was received, the Unearned Training Fees account was credited. The fee for the sixth month will be recorded when it is collected in 2018.
f. On October 15, WTI agreed to teach a four-month class (beginning immediately) for an individual for $3,000 tuition per month payable at the end of the class. The class started on October 15, but no payment has yet been received. (WTI’s accruals are applied to the nearest half-month; for example, October recognizes one-half month accrual. )
g. WTI’s two employees are paid weekly. As of the end of the year, two days’ salaries have accrued at the rate of $100 per day for each employee.
h. The balance in the Prepaid Rent account represents rent for December. Debit CreditCash 34,000Teaching supply 8,000Prepaid Insurance 12,000Prepaid rent 3000Professional library 35,000Account payable 26,000unearned training fee 12,500Prepare T-accounts (representing the ledger) with balances from the unadjusted trial balance
In accounting, an unadjusted trial balance is the starting point for preparing financial statements. The initial step in this process is to create T-accounts to reflect the general ledger's balances from the unadjusted trial balance. T-accounts are used to illustrate ledger account balances and to help with journal entries.
They are called T-accounts because they resemble the letter T on the ledger page. Debits and credits are recorded in separate parts of the T account: debits on the left and credits on the right.The debit and credit balances from the unadjusted trial balance are listed on the corresponding side of each T-account. Cash is debited for $34,000; teaching supply is debited for $8,000; prepaid insurance is debited for $12,000; prepaid rent is debited for $3,000; and professional library is debited for $35,000. Accounts payable are credited for $26,000; and unearned training fees are credited for $12,500.Here are the T-Accounts as per the above mentioned information: T-account for cash T-account for teaching supply T-account for prepaid insurance T-account for prepaid rent T-account for professional library T-account for accounts payable T-account for unearned training feesFor such more quesstion on financial statements
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When Howard Schultz founded Starbucks in 1987, he wanted to create a company that would genuinely care for the well-being of its employees. He had been very influenced by his memories of his father, noting that his father "struggled a great deal and never made more than $20,000 a year, and his work was never valued, emotionally or physically, by his employer … This was an injustice … I want our employees to know we value them." He also believed that happy employees are the key to competitiveness and growth. As he stated: "We can’t achieve our strategic objectives without a work force of people who are immersed in the same commitment as management. Our only sustainable advantage is the quality of our work force. We’re building a national retail company by creating pride in–and stake in–the outcome of our labor."
Schulz set out to accomplish his goals by creating an empowering corporate culture, exceptional employee benefits, and employee stock ownership programs. While Starbucks enforces almost fanatical standards of coffee quality and customer service, the culture at Starbucks towards employees is laid back and supportive. Employees are empowered to make decisions without constant referral to management, and are encouraged to think of themselves as partners in the business. Starbucks wants employees to use their best judgment in making decisions and will stand behind them. This is reinforced through generous compensation and benefits packages.
In 2000, Schultz announced that he was resigning as CEO and left the firm to pursue other ventures (though he remained chairman of the board of directors). However, after Starbucks began to suffer from slumping net income and decreasing share price, Schultz returned to the helm in 2008. Rather than cutting costs and reducing the work force, Schulz announced his "Transformation Agenda"–a controversial plan to invest in Starbucks’ employees, environment, and community. His plan included:
Competitive employee compensation plans that include equity-based compensation for nonexecutive partners. In 2013, $230 million was paid out in equity awards. In 2015, Starbucks gave all baristas and supervisors a pay raise and increased starting pay rates across the United States. In 2018, Starbucks’s U.S. baristas earned between $7 and $15 an hour (with an average of $9 an hour), plus an average of $742 a year in cash bonus, $286 in stock bonus, $442 in profit sharing, and $1,095 in tips.
Industry-leading health care benefits and 401K benefits for both part-time and full-time workers. Other companies that offer health benefits to part-time workers typically only do so for employees who work at least 30 hours a week. Starbucks broke with industry norms by creating benefits for employees who work at least 20 hours a week.
Tuition reimbursement for students. In June 2014, Starbucks unveiled a "College Achievement Plan" wherein employees who work more than 20 hours a week can work towards a bachelor’s degree through an online program from Arizona State University.
An ethical sourcing plan. Starbucks’ coffee must be purchased from suppliers that adhere to Starbucks’ "C.A.F.E." standards. These standards include practices related to product quality, economic accountability, and transparency (e.g., suppliers must provide evidence to demonstrate that the price Starbucks pays reaches the farmer), social responsibility (e.g., third-party verifiers provide audits to ensure that suppliers are using safe, fair, and humane working and living conditions, including minimum-wage requirements and the prohibition of child and forced labor), and environmental leadership (e.g., measures to manage waste, protect water quality, and reduce use of agrochemicals).
If Starbucks takes a position on various controversial issues, which of the following would be important to have in place?
a. Suppliers and customers who wholeheartedly agree with the position Starbucks is taking b. A policy of neutrality in the customer interface that all employees must adhere to c. Executive managers who wholeheartedly agree with the position Starbucks is taking d. A policy for protecting employees who may not agree with the position Starbucks is taking
The correct answer is d. A policy for protecting employees who may not agree with the position Starbucks is taking would be important to have in place if Starbucks takes a position on various controversial issues.
This policy ensures that employees are respected and protected, allowing them to hold their own beliefs and opinions without facing negative consequences. It promotes an inclusive and diverse work environment, fostering employee well-being and maintaining a supportive corporate culture.
If Starbucks takes a position on controversial issues, it's crucial to have a policy in place to protect employees who may not agree with the company's stance.
By safeguarding employee rights and fostering an open and accepting environment, Starbucks can uphold its values and commitment to employee well-being.
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Discuss the different types of unionism and possibilities in the 21st century."
Unionism is a strategy that workers use to improve their working conditions and make their voices heard. It is an organized effort by workers to enhance their working conditions, pay, and job safety.
The following are the types of unionism:
Craft unionismIndustrial unionismGeneral unionismThe craft unionism refers to the unionization of workers that share a particular skill or trade, such as carpenters, electricians, plumbers, or other skilled trades. They share common interests and represent themselves.
Craft unions are often associated with trades that have a long history and a tradition of independent, highly skilled workers. They tend to be more protective of their trades than other types of unions.
Industrial unionism refers to the unionization of workers that are employed in the same industry, regardless of their specific trade or skill. Industrial unions are less concerned with specific trades and focus more on issues that are common to the entire industry, such as working conditions, wages, and benefits.
General unionism is the most common type of unionism. It represents workers from various industries or trades.
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