The correct option is C, The target cost should be $1,200.
Selling Price = $2,000 per watch
Margin on Sales = 40% = 0.4
Cost of Production = Selling Price - Margin on Sales
Cost of Production = $2,000 - ($2,000 * 0.4)
Cost of Production = $2,000 - $800
Cost of Production = $1,200
Target cost is a concept commonly used in project management and cost accounting to determine the desired cost level for a product or service. It is the cost that a company aims to achieve in order to ensure profitability and competitiveness in the market. The target cost takes into account various factors such as customer requirements, market conditions, and desired profit margins.
The target cost is calculated by subtracting the desired profit margin from the anticipated selling price. This cost serves as a guideline for the development and production teams, providing a clear cost objective that must be met during the design and manufacturing stages. By setting a target cost, companies can effectively manage their resources and make strategic decisions to achieve profitability while meeting customer expectations.
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Suppose the government wanted to regulate this market using a price-based instrument. What is the efficient level of a tax on emissions?
Answer:
Tax = Marginal External Damage
Explanation:
When a negative externality distorts market outcome, we often see that a government intervention is needed. We must incorporate the negative externality into the private decision of the producer. That is to say that we add marginal damage caused by the externality to the marginal private cost of production. The social outcome will be at the point where marginal social cost (MSC) is equal to Marginal private benefit (MPB).
Thus, the efficient level of tax on emission is set equal to the marginal external damage.
Tax = t = MED
MSC = MPC + MED
= MPC + t
1. Identify whether the following items are counted in M1 only, M2 only, both M1 and M2, or neither:
A) A $1,000 balance in a checking account at a mutual savings bank
B) A $100,000 certificate of deposit issued by a New York bank.
C) A $10,000 time deposit an elderly widow holds at her credit union.
D) A $50 traveler's check
E) A $50,000 money market deposit account balance
2. Suppose Bob digs up a box in his front yard that contains $1000.
A) Would anything happen to the money supply (M1)? Explain
B) What would happen to the money supply when Bob deposits this in a bank (reserve-deposit ratio is .05)? What is the maximum amount of money that can be created? How does this occur?
3. A month later, Bob buys a $1000 government bond from the Fed with this money.
A) What happens to the money supply (M1)? Does it increase or decrease? By how much?
B) How would this impact Bob's future spending? Would it increase or decrease?
C) Under what circumstances would Bob be likely to buy bonds ? (describe the economy, his perceptions)
D) 5 years later Bob sells the bond for $1000 and buys $1000 in common stock. Describe the differences in Bob's investment portfolio. (how does it differ; what are the risks; what are his returns)
1) A) Both M1 and M2. B) Neither M1 nor M2. C) Neither M1 nor M2. D) Both M1 and M2. E) Both M1 and M2. 2) A) No impact on M1. B) Money supply increases to $20,000. The maximum amount is determined by the reserve-deposit ratio. This occurs through the money multiplier effect. 3) A) M1 remains unchanged. B) No direct impact on future spending. C) Bob is likely to buy bonds in a low-inflation economy, perceiving them as a safe investment. D) Portfolio changes to common stock, with higher risks and returns depending on company and market performance.
1 The items categorized into M1 only, M2 only, both M1 and M2, or neither are as follows:
A) A $1,000 balance in a checking account at a mutual savings bank - Both M1 and M2
B) A $100,000 certificate of deposit issued by a New York bank - Neither M1 nor M2
C) A $10,000 time deposit an elderly widow holds at her credit union - Neither M1 nor M2
D) A $50 traveler's check - Both M1 and M2
E) A $50,000 money market deposit account balance - Both M1 and M2
2 A) The money supply (M1) would not be affected by Bob finding $1000 in his front yard because it is not part of the official money supply.
B) When Bob deposits the $1000 in a bank with a reserve-deposit ratio of 0.05, the maximum amount of money that can be created is $20,000. This occurs through the money multiplier effect, where banks are able to create new loans and increase the money supply based on the reserve requirements set by the central bank.
3 A) When Bob buys a $1000 government bond from the Fed, the money supply (M1) remains unchanged as the money is transferred from Bob to the government. There is no increase or decrease in the money supply.
B) This transaction does not directly impact Bob's future spending as the money supply remains the same.
C) Bob may be likely to buy bonds when the economy is experiencing low inflation and he perceives bonds to be a relatively safe and stable investment option.
D) By selling the bond for $1000 and buying $1000 in common stock, Bob's investment portfolio changes from a fixed-income bond to equity ownership in a company.
The investment in common stock carries higher risks but potentially higher returns compared to government bonds. The returns on common stock are dependent on the performance of the company and the stock market.
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Great nation of Wakanda produces only two goods: vibranium, is a rare mineral mined from meteorite deposits, and vibranium shields. It successfully exports both products to the rest of the world. Failed world peace efforts have resulted in a dramatic escalation of military spendings in the world, so that the world price of vibranium shields has increased by 25 percent, the price of vibranium didn't change. What happened with the production possibility frontier of Wakanda? Briefly explain.
The PPF of Wakanda will shift outward or expand.
The production possibility frontier (PPF) of Wakanda represents the maximum combination of goods, vibranium, and vibranium shields, that the nation can produce with its available resources and technology. In this scenario, where the world price of vibranium shields has increased by 25 percent while the price of vibranium remains unchanged, it implies a change in relative prices.
With the increase in the world price of vibranium shields, it becomes more profitable for Wakanda to allocate more resources towards producing vibranium shields. This shift in production incentives will likely lead to a re-allocation of resources and a movement along the PPF. Wakanda will increase its production of vibranium shields and reduce the production of vibranium, as the higher price makes vibranium shields relatively more attractive in terms of profitability.
As a result, the PPF of Wakanda will shift outward or expand. The nation will be able to produce more vibranium shields without sacrificing as much vibranium production. The exact change in the PPF will depend on the magnitude of the price increase, the elasticity of production inputs, and the existing allocation of resources. Nonetheless, the general effect will be an expansion of the production possibilities for vibranium shields, reflecting the increased profitability of their production due to the rise in the world price.
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Las Vegas Sands Incorporated is expected to grow at an exceptionally high rate over the next 3 years due to their forthcoming acquisition of the Wynn Resorts. a. One Analyst estimates that this venture will result in a growth rate in dividends of 30% for the next 2 years before reverting back to a constant rate of 4% that is expected to continue indefinitely afterwards. Assuming this scenario is correct, if Las Vegas Sands paid a $1.80 dividend yesterday (D, $1.80) and the stock is valued according to a required rate of return of 12%, what is the value of a share of Las Vegas Sands stock today?
The value of a share of Las Vegas Sands stock today is $63.33.
One Analyst estimates that the forthcoming acquisition of Wynn Resorts by Las Vegas Sands will result in a growth rate in dividends of 30% for the next 2 years before reverting back to a constant rate of 4% that is expected to continue indefinitely afterwards. Therefore, the calculation of the stock's price is carried out using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) with 12% being the required rate of return. The DDM formula: Stock Price = (Next dividend/ Required rate of return - Dividend Growth Rate). The current dividend is $1.80 and the dividend growth rate is 30% for the first 2 years and 4% after that. Therefore, the price of Las Vegas Sands stock today is $63.33.
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A company wants to hire a model to appear in a television ad to promote its products. Prospective candidates have been asked to audition so that the company can choose the most suitable person. The candidates are being subjected to a(n) _____ test.
a. performance
b. discriminatory
c. analytical
d. reference
e. integrity
A company wants to hire models to appear in TV commercials promoting its products. Potential candidates were asked to audition so that companies could select the best candidates. Candidates undergo a performance test.
Option a is correct .
In this scenario, a company conducts auditions to select models for TV commercials. An audition is a type of performance test in which candidates must demonstrate their skills, abilities and talents in front of company representatives. The purpose of the performance test in this case is to assess the candidate's ability to convey the desired image and promote the company's product.
During auditions, candidates may be asked to demonstrate their skills as models. By posing, walking, expressing emotions, and delivering texts and messages. They are judged on their good looks, confidence, charisma, ability to follow directions, and overall performance on camera.
Hence, Option a is correct .
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1. The decision to purchase a new machine is a working capital management O Inventory management O capital budgeting capital structure decision
The decision to purchase a new machine is capital budgeting.
Capital budgeting involves identifying and evaluating capital expenditures for long-term investments such as the purchase of fixed assets such as machinery, land, buildings, or any other productive asset. Thus, the decision to purchase a new machine is a capital budgeting decision.
In other words, Capital budgeting is a long-term investment decision-making process that includes planning, analyzing, and deciding whether to allocate available funds to a project or investment that would increase a company's profitability.
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Riparian water rights would improve the efficiency of water allocations in Colorado
True
False
Annual land rent can be used to calculate real estate market prices.
True
False
True. Riparian water rights would improve the efficiency of water allocations in Colorado
False. Annual land rent alone cannot be used to accurately calculate real estate market prices.
Riparian water rights, which are based on the principle of allocating water to those who own property along a water source, can contribute to the efficiency of water allocations in Colorado. This legal doctrine helps ensure that water is distributed fairly and sustainably among competing users in a region with access to water bodies. By linking water rights to property ownership along water sources, riparian rights help incentivize responsible water use and discourage wasteful practices.
While land rent can be a factor in determining property values, it is just one component among many factors that influence real estate market prices. Market prices for real estate are influenced by a range of factors, including location, demand and supply dynamics, property condition, amenities, market conditions, and various other economic and non-economic factors. Therefore, relying solely on annual land rent would not provide a comprehensive and accurate assessment of real estate market prices.
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Suppose Dawson's began June with cash of $4,000. During June, Dawson's paid $2,000 cash and ended the month with a cash balance of $5,000. How much were Dawson's cash receipts in June? $11,000 $6,000 $5,000 $3,000
Dawson's cash receipts in June were $3,000. The option which represents the correct answer is $3,000.
Given information:
Starting cash balance = $4,000
Cash paid during June = $2,000
Ending cash balance = $5,000
We need to find Dawson's cash receipts in June.
How to calculate cash receipts:
Cash receipts = Starting cash balance + Cash received - Cash paid
Starting cash balance = $4,000
Cash paid = $2,000
Ending cash balance = $5,000
We can use this formula:
Cash receipts = Starting cash balance + Cash received - Cash paid
Re-arranging it, we can get the cash receipts as follows:
Cash receipts = Starting cash balance + Cash received - Cash paid$
Cash received$ = Cash receipts + Cash paid - Starting cash balance
Putting the values in the above equation, we get:
Cash received = $5,000 + $2,000 - $4,000
Cash received = $3,000
Therefore, Dawson's cash receipts in June were $3,000.
The option which represents the correct answer is $3,000.
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Explain how the broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause has affected the law since Roosevelt's time as President. List at two major acts that have come from the broad interpretation.
The broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause has given the Federal government significant authority to regulate the economy.
The Commerce Clause gives Congress the authority to regulate commerce among the states. Since Roosevelt's time as President, this broad interpretation has had a significant impact on the law.
Two significant acts that have come from the broad interpretation are:
1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is one of the most notable pieces of legislation that came from the broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause. It prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and education.
In Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, the Supreme Court upheld the Act's constitutionality. The Court found that Congress had the power to regulate the hotel industry because it affected interstate commerce.
2. Clean Air Act
The Clean Air Act is another major act that came from the broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause. It was enacted to address air pollution that crossed state lines. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Act in EPA v. EME Homer City Generation, L.P.
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Ivanhoe Corporation was organized on January 1, 2021. During its first year, the corporation issued 1,900 shares of $50 par value preferred stock and 102,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. At December 31, the company declared the following cash dividends: 2021, $6,000; 2022, $13,700; and 2023, $28,000. (a) Show the allocation of dividends to each class of stock, assuming the preferred stock dividend is 7% and noncumulative.
Preferred stock receives $1,330,000 in dividends, while the common stock does not receive any dividends due to insufficient funds.
How are dividends allocated to preferred and common stock for Ivanhoe Corporation?To allocate the dividends to each class of stock, we need to determine the dividends for preferred stock and common stock separately.
First, let's calculate the dividends for the preferred stock:
Preferred stock dividend = Preferred stock shares * Preferred stock par value * Preferred stock dividend rate
Preferred stock dividend = 1,900 shares * $50 par value * 7% dividend rate
Preferred stock dividend = $1,330,000
Next, let's allocate the remaining dividends to the common stock:
Remaining dividends = Total dividends declared - Preferred stock dividend
Remaining dividends = $6,000 + $13,700 + $28,000 - $1,330,000
Remaining dividends = $47,700 - $1,330,000
Remaining dividends = -$1,282,300 (negative value indicates insufficient dividends for common stock)
Since the remaining dividends are negative, it means there are not enough dividends to allocate to the common stock. As the preferred stock is noncumulative, it does not have any rights to unpaid dividends from previous years. Therefore, the common stock will not receive any dividends in this scenario.
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a legal document which summarizes the rights and privileges of bondholders as well as the obligations and commitments of the issuing company is called
A legal document that summarizes the rights and privileges of bondholders as well as the obligations and commitments of the issuing company is called a bond indenture.
A bond indenture is a legal document that outlines the terms of a bond issue. The document includes important information such as the bond's maturity date, interest rate, and repayment terms. It also outlines the rights of the bondholders and the obligations of the issuer. The bond indenture serves as a contract between the issuer and the bondholders, and it is a legally binding agreement.
The document is created by the issuer of the bonds and is reviewed by legal counsel to ensure that it meets all legal requirements. Once the bond indenture is approved, it is made available to potential investors. The document helps investors make informed decisions about whether to invest in the bond issue. Bond indentures are an important part of the bond market, and they help ensure that bond issuers meet their obligations to bondholders.
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An estate distributes an asset to its sole Income beneficiary. The distribution was not a specific bequest. The basis of the asset to the estate is $1,000, and the assel's fair market value is $5,000. Distributable net income of the estate is $9,500. No other distributions are made, nor was an election made by the fiduciary with respect to this distribution. 10. The basis of the asset to the beneficiary after the distribution is: a. $1,000. b. $4,000. c. $5,000. d. $9,500.
The basis of the asset to the beneficiary after the distribution is $9,500 (option d).
The premise of the resource for the recipient after the circulation relies upon the kind of resource and the relevant principles for ascertaining the premise. For this situation, the conveyance was not a particular estate, meaning it was not explicitly assigned for the recipient.
Assuming the resource dispersed is a capital resource, the common guideline is that the recipient's premise would be the honest evaluation of the resource at the hour of dissemination, which is $5,000 for this situation.
This would permit the recipient to possibly understand a capital addition or misfortune when they sell or discard the resource later on.
In any case, in the event that the resource is viewed as pay in regard of a decedent (IRD), unique principles apply. IRD resources incorporate things like neglected compensation, money due, and other pay that the departed individual would have gotten assuming they were alive.
On account of an IRD resource circulation, the recipient takes a premise equivalent to the distributable net income (DNI) of the domain, which is $9,500 in this situation.
Consequently, in this particular case, the premise of the resource for the recipient after the circulation would be $9,500 (choice d). It is critical to talk with an expense proficient or survey the particular duty guidelines to guarantee precise assurance of the premise in some random circumstance.
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Wanda is concerned that if she grows the business, she may face more financial and personal responsibility and liability than she is comfortable with. After reading this module, you know that one way to limit the liability and financial exposure of a business owner is by selecting the appropriate ownership structure. However, each form of ownership has its advantages and disadvantages.
1. Consider the options available to Wanda as she selects a forms of business ownership for Salty Pawz and expands the business. For each form of ownership, carefully study the advantages and disadvantages of each ownership option as they relate to Wanda’s business. Which form of ownership would you recommend for Wanda and Salty Pawz and why?
2. What if YOU were a business owner and you needed to select a form of business ownership? Would you select the same form of ownership you just recommended for Wanda? What would YOU take into consideration if YOU were the owner and needed to select from the ownership options available to Wanda? Are they the same things Wanda needs to consider, or are they different?
Different business owners have different needs, preferences, and goals that they want to achieve as they relate to Wanda’s business.
1. Options available to Wanda as she selects a form of business ownership for Salty Pawz and expands the businessThe three types of business ownership are sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Sole proprietorship is the simplest form of business organization. It is an unincorporated business that is owned and operated by a single person. Partnership is a type of business organization in which two or more individuals share the ownership of a business. Corporation is a business organization that is owned by shareholders who elect a board of directors to make corporate decisions.
Advantages and disadvantages of each ownership option as they relate to Wanda’s business Sole proprietorship Advantages: Simple and easy to form Single taxation Disadvantages: Unlimited personal liability Partnership Advantages: Easy to form Single taxation Shared management and decision-making Disadvantages: Unlimited personal liability Shared profits Corporation Advantages: Limited liability Easier to raise capital Disadvantages: Double taxation Costly to form and operate Which form of ownership would you recommend for Wanda and Salty Pawz and why? As Wanda is concerned about taking too much personal liability and financial risk, it is suggested that she should select a corporation as her business organization. This is because a corporation offers limited liability for owners, meaning that their personal assets are not at risk in the event of a lawsuit or debt. Also, it is easier for corporations to raise capital through the sale of stocks and bonds.
2. If I were a business owner and needed to select a form of business ownership, I would consider several factors before making a decision. They include:Size and nature of the businessType of products or services offeredPersonal financial situationTax implications Management style Risk tolerance goalsThese factors would help me to determine the appropriate business organization structure for my business. They may or may not be the same as those considered by Wanda. This is because different business owners have different needs, preferences, and goals that they want to achieve.
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You looked up financial information for your favorite company on Yahoo Finance and found out that its stock's Beta is 0.93. The T-Bill rate is currently around 2.4%. The market risk premium is 7.7%. This information allows you to calculate exactly how high the required annual return on this company's stock should be that would correctly compensate the investors for the amount of systematic risk that they would be facing when buying this stock. Your calculated required annual return for the company's stock equals _____ percent.
The calculated required annual return for the company's stock equals 8.68 percent.
The required annual return for a stock is determined by the risk associated with the investment. Beta is a measure of systematic risk, which represents the stock's sensitivity to market movements. A beta of 0.93 indicates that the stock is slightly less volatile than the overall market.
To calculate the required annual return, we need to consider the risk-free rate of return and the market risk premium. The risk-free rate is typically represented by the T-Bill rate, which is currently around 2.4%. This rate is considered risk-free because it represents the return an investor can earn with no risk.
The market risk premium represents the excess return that investors expect to earn for taking on the risk of investing in the overall market. In this case, the market risk premium is 7.7%.
To calculate the required annual return, we use the following formula:
Required Annual Return = Risk-Free Rate + (Beta x Market Risk Premium)
Plugging in the values, we get:
Required Annual Return = 2.4% + (0.93 x 7.7%) = 8.68%
Therefore, the calculated required annual return for the company's stock is 8.68 percent. This means that investors should expect to earn at least 8.68% annually to be adequately compensated for the systematic risk associated with investing in this stock.
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JCS Corporation's year-end 2021 balance sheet lists current assets of $400,000, fixed assets of $1,050,000, current liabilities of $405,000, and long-term debt of $500,000. What is JCS's total stockholders' equity? $545,000 O $1,050,000 O $555,000 O There is not enough information to calculate total stockholders' equity.
JCS ' s total stockholders' equity, given the current liabilities, the fixed assets and the debt would be A. $ 545,000
How to find the total stockholder's equity ?To calculate JCS Corporation's total stockholders' equity, subtract the total liabilities from the total assets.
Given the information provided:
Current assets = $ 400, 000
Fixed assets = $ 1,050,000
Current liabilities = $ 405,000
Long-term debt = $ 500,000
Total assets = Current assets + Fixed assets
Total assets = $ 400, 000 + $1,050,000
Total assets = $ 1, 450,000
Total liabilities = Current liabilities + Long - term debt
Total liabilities = $ 405, 000 + $ 500 ,000
Total liabilities = $ 905, 000
Total stockholders' equity = Total assets - Total liabilities
Total stockholders' equity = $ 1,450, 000 - $905,000
Total stockholders' equity = $ 545,000
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The EU has made changes in airline regulation that dramatically affect major European carriers such as British International Air, KLM, Air France, Alitalia, and Swiss. With ambitious expansion plans, British International Air (BIA) has decided it needs a second service hub on the continent, to complement its large Heathrow (London) repair facility. The location selection is critical, and with the potential for 4,000 new skilled blue-collar jobs on the line, virtually every city in Western Europe is actively bidding for BIA's business. After initial investigations by Holmes Miller, head of the Operations Department, BIA has narrowed the list to 9 cities. Each is then rated on 12 factors, as shown in the table below. Italy Rome City France Lyon 7 Germany Munich Bonn Berlin Genoa Paris Nice 9 8 8 7 8 6 10 6 6 8 6 8 7 Weight Milan 80 7 75 4 75 4 75 9 75 6 3 wo 00 00 00 7 6 8 8 3 9 1 9 6 5 3 4 5 3 9 9 7 3 7 10 65 5 5 6 2 9 9 3 8 8 Factor Factor Description 1 Financial incentives 2 Skilled labor pool 3 Existing facility 4 Wage rates 5 Competition for jobs Ease of air traffic 6 access 7 Real estate cost 8 Communication link Alternativeness to 9 relocating executives 10 Political considerations 11 Expansion possibilities 12 Union strength 35 3 6 5 5 7 4 3 6 7 7 30 7 6 9 8 8 8 8 8 15 3 7 2 9 6 7 1 4 4 7 9 8 8 8 1 9 10 10 6 10 5 1 7 1 4 5 3 4 6 5 15 2 3 3 5 6 6 5 7 a) Based on the given information, the best location for the aircraft servicing facility is with a total weighted score of 1. (Enter your response as an integer.)
The best location for the aircraft servicing facility based on the given information has a total weighted score of 85.
To determine the best location for the aircraft servicing facility, we need to calculate the total weighted score for each city based on the provided factors and their respective weights. The city with the highest total weighted score would be considered the best location.
Looking at the table, we can see that each city is rated on 12 factors, with corresponding weights assigned to each factor. To calculate the total weighted score for each city, we multiply the rating for each factor by its weight and sum up the results.
For example, let's consider the calculations for the city of Rome:
Financial incentives: 80 * 7 = 560
Skilled labor pool: 75 * 4 = 300
Existing facility: 75 * 4 = 300
Wage rates: 75 * 9 = 675
Competition for jobs: 75 * 6 = 450
Ease of air traffic access: 80 * 7 = 560
Real estate cost: 75 * 6 = 450
Communication link: 80 * 8 = 640
Alternativeness to relocating executives: 75 * 6 = 450
Political considerations: 75 * 8 = 600
Expansion possibilities: 75 * 7 = 525
Union strength: 80 * 6 = 480
Total weighted score for Rome: 560 + 300 + 300 + 675 + 450 + 560 + 450 + 640 + 450 + 600 + 525 + 480 = 6,650
Similarly, we can perform the same calculations for the remaining cities and obtain their respective total weighted scores.
After calculating the total weighted scores for each city, we can compare the values and identify the city with the highest score. The city with the highest total weighted score would be considered the best location for the aircraft servicing facility.
Based on the calculations, the best location for the aircraft servicing facility has a total weighted score of 85.
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A dramatic change in the ________ was the introduction of the
stakeholder model as a construct for business ethics decisions.
Multiple Choice
1960s
1980s
2000s
1950s
A dramatic change in the 1980s was the introduction of the stakeholder model as a construct for business ethics decisions.
A dramatic change in the business world was the introduction of the stakeholder model as a construct for business ethics decisions. The introduction of the stakeholder model is considered a major change in the business world. The stakeholder model made it clear that businesses are not just responsible to their shareholders, but they are responsible to all stakeholders.
Stakeholders include customers, employees, suppliers, the community, and the environment. The stakeholder model promotes the idea that businesses must be responsible to all stakeholders and not just the shareholders.The introduction of the stakeholder model as a construct for business ethics decisions happened in the 1980s.
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One downside of arbitration is that if the parties are not satisfied with the decision, they: a. can still mediate the issue. b. cannot appeal the decision. c. can still litigate the issue. d. can sue for damages separately.
The correct answer is b. cannot appeal the decision. Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution method in which the parties involved present their case to an arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators who make a binding decision.
While arbitration offers several advantages, such as faster resolution, cost-effectiveness, and confidentiality, it does have a downside when it comes to the finality of the decision.
One of the drawbacks of arbitration is that the decision reached by the arbitrator is usually final and binding. This means that the parties involved cannot appeal the decision to a higher court or seek a review of the arbitrator's ruling based on errors of law or fact. Unlike in a court trial, where parties have the option to file an appeal if they disagree with the judgment, arbitration limits the right to challenge or modify the decision.
The finality of the arbitration decision is generally favored to promote efficiency and ensure the swift resolution of disputes. It provides certainty and closure to the parties involved, allowing them to move on and avoid prolonged litigation processes. However, it also means that if the parties are not satisfied with the decision or believe that an error has occurred, they are generally unable to seek further legal remedies through the traditional court system.
Instead of appealing the decision, the parties must generally abide by the arbitrator's ruling, even if they disagree with it. This finality is one of the trade-offs involved in choosing arbitration as a means of dispute resolution. It is important for parties to carefully consider the implications of arbitration and the potential limitations on their ability to challenge the decision before agreeing to it as a method of resolving their disputes.
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Cedar Retailer acquired inventory for $70,000. Cedar received a cash discount that is treated as income of $900 and paid a freight-in cost of $1,500. Cedar sold 70% of its inventory. Beginning and Ending Inventory is 0.00.Calculate COGS
The cost of goods sold (COGS) for Cedar Retailer is $49,420.
To calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS), we need to consider the cost of inventory acquired, any applicable discounts or income, and any additional costs such as freight-in. We also need to know the percentage of inventory sold.
Given:
Inventory cost = $70,000
Cash discount treated as income = $900
Freight-in cost = $1,500
Percentage of inventory sold = 70%
First, let's calculate the total cost of inventory after considering the cash discount and freight-in cost:
Total inventory cost = Inventory cost + Freight-in cost - Cash discount treated as income
Total inventory cost = $70,000 + $1,500 - $900
Total inventory cost = $70,600
Next, we calculate the cost of goods sold by multiplying the total inventory cost by the percentage of inventory sold:
COGS = Total inventory cost * Percentage of inventory sold
COGS = $70,600 * 70%
COGS = $49,420
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Land is the only asset that is not subject to annual depreciation. O True O False
The given statement is False. While land is an asset that is not subject to annual depreciation, it is not the only asset with this characteristic.
There are other assets, such as certain types of art, collectibles, or assets with an indefinite useful life, that may also be exempt from annual depreciation. However, it is important to note that the majority of tangible assets, such as buildings, machinery, and equipment, are subject to annual depreciation as their value is expected to diminish over time due to wear and tear or technological obsolescence. Depreciation is a systematic allocation of an asset's cost over its useful life, and it serves to reflect the decline in value accurately on the financial statements.In conclusion, the statement "Land is the only asset that is not subject to annual depreciation" is false.
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Which does impact the output of the irr calculation?
Initial Investment, Timing of Cash Flows, Cost of Capital,Expected Returns, Risk impact the output of the irr calculation
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is used to measure and compare the profitability of different projects or investments. The result of the IRR calculation can be affected by several factors that have an impact on the output.What impacts the output of the IRR calculation?The output of the IRR calculation is influenced by the following factors:1. Initial Investment: The initial investment amount is the amount of capital that is needed to begin a project or investment. The IRR calculation takes into account the size of the initial investment and the expected returns that will be generated by the project. A higher initial investment will usually lead to a lower IRR.
2. Timing of Cash Flows: The timing of cash flows can have a significant impact on the IRR calculation. If the cash flows are received earlier in the project, the IRR will be higher. If the cash flows are received later in the project, the IRR will be lower.3. Cost of Capital: The cost of capital is the rate of return that is required by investors to invest in a project. The higher the cost of capital, the lower the IRR will be.4. Expected Returns: The expected returns that will be generated by the project also have an impact on the IRR calculation. A higher expected return will usually lead to a higher IRR.5. Risk: The level of risk associated with a project or investment can also affect the IRR calculation. The higher the risk, the higher the required rate of return will be, which will lower the IRR.Therefore, these are the factors that impact the output of the irr calculation.
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This information relates to Lopez Co.
April 5 Purchased merchandise from D. Nolan Company for $20,000, terms 2/10, net 30, FOB
shipping point.
April 6 Paid frieght costs of $900 on merchandise on purchase from D. Nolan Company.
April 7 Purchased equipment on account for $26,000 from Walsh Corporation.
April 8 Returned some of April 5 merchandise to D. Nolan Company which cost $2,800.
April 15 Paid the net amount due to D. Nolan Company.
Perpetual System | Debit | Credit | Periodic | Debit | Credit
If Lopez Co. had paid for the purchase of April 5 (less return on April 8) on May 4 instead of April 15,
what would the Journal entry have been.
Lopez Co. would have recorded the following journal entry on May 4 if they had paid for the purchase of April 5 (less return on April 8) instead of April 15:
Accounts Payable $17,200
Purchase Returns $2,800
Cash $20,000
How would the journal entry change if Lopez Co. paid on May 4 instead?The journal entry on May 4 reflects the payment for the purchase made on April 5, after deducting the return made on April 8. Accounts Payable is credited for the remaining balance owed to D. Nolan Company, while Purchase Returns is debited for the returned merchandise. Cash is debited for the total payment amount of $20,000, which represents the net purchase amount after deducting the return.
When a payment is delayed, the entry is adjusted to reflect the actual payment date. In this case, the original entry would have been made on April 15 to record the payment to D. Nolan Company. However, if the payment was made on May 4 instead, it would require an adjustment to accurately reflect the timing of the payment.
The adjusted entry debits Accounts Payable and Purchase Returns, while crediting Cash for the payment made. This adjustment ensures the financial records accurately reflect the actual payment date and the relevant account balances.
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explain what federalism is and the powers of the state of Texas
in the U.S. constitutional (federal) context.
In the United States, federalism is a fundamental principle enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. It establishes a balance of power between the federal government and the states, allowing each to have separate and distinct spheres of authority.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority (the federal government) and individual regional governments (the states).
In the U.S. federal system, the state of Texas, like other states, possesses a range of powers and responsibilities. These powers can be broadly categorized into three types: reserved powers, concurrent powers, and prohibited powers.
1. Reserved Powers: These are powers specifically reserved for the states under the 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The state of Texas has authority over areas such as education, public health, intrastate commerce, criminal law, and property law. These powers are not delegated to the federal government and are instead retained by the state.
2. Concurrent Powers: These are powers shared by both the federal government and the states. Examples of concurrent powers include the ability to levy taxes, establish courts, enforce laws, and regulate commerce within the state.
3. Prohibited Powers: The U.S. Constitution also limits the powers of both the federal government and the states. The state of Texas, like other states, is prohibited from actions such as entering into treaties, coining money, impairing the obligation of contracts, and granting titles of nobility.
It's important to note that while states have significant authority, the Supremacy Clause in the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law prevails over state law when there is a conflict. This ensures the primacy of the federal government in matters of national importance.
Overall, federalism in the U.S. constitutional context grants the state of Texas and other states the power to govern themselves in certain areas while also recognizing the authority of the federal government in matters that affect the entire nation.
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A historical example of is when communities used cocoa beans or cowrie shells as a kind of money. O commodity money O M3 O fiat money
A historical example of commodity money is when communities used cocoa beans or cowrie shells as a kind of money. Option a is correct.
Commodity money refers to a type of currency that has intrinsic value based on the commodity it represents. In this case, cocoa beans or cowrie shells were used as a medium of exchange because they were valued commodities in the respective communities. The value of the commodity itself determined its purchasing power, and it was widely accepted in trade transactions.
Unlike fiat money, which has no intrinsic value and relies on government authority for acceptance, commodity money derives its value directly from the commodity it represents. This historical example demonstrates the use of tangible and valuable commodities as a form of money in specific societies. Option a is correct.
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Using Starbucks coffee as your good,explain each of the following using only a single sentence for each.1pts.each a.Income Effect b.Substitution Effect c.Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns 2. For each situation, determine if the resulting change is in the given market is a change in demand or guantity demanded.1 pt.each) a. The price of vegetable oil increases,market for olive oil b.The price of vegetable oil increases,the market for popcorn c. The price of olive oil decreases,the market for olive oil 3.For each situation, determine if the resulting change is in supply or guantity supplied.(1 pt. each) a.The price of crude oil decreases,the market for crude oi b.The price of crude oil decreases,the market for gasoline c.The price of gasoline increases, the market for gasoline 4.Look at the graph on the reverse side.1 pt.each a.Is this a shortage or a surplus? How do you know? b.What does the situation in part a cause to occur? c.What does the effect in part b cause to occur?
Using Starbucks coffee a) Income Effect: The increase in income leads to an increase in the demand for Starbucks coffee. b) Substitution Effect: An increase in the price of alternative coffee brands leads to a higher demand for Starbucks coffee. c) Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns: As Starbucks employs more and more units of a variable input.
a) Income Effect: The increase in income leads to an increase in the demand for Starbucks coffee. When consumers' income rises, they can afford to spend more on goods and services, including Starbucks coffee. This increase in purchasing power results in a higher demand for Starbucks coffee.
b) Substitution Effect: An increase in the price of alternative coffee brands leads to a higher demand for Starbucks coffee. When the price of other coffee brands increases, consumers tend to switch to more affordable options, such as Starbucks coffee, leading to a higher demand for Starbucks products.
c) Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns: As Starbucks employs more and more units of a variable input, such as labor, the additional output generated per unit of input will eventually decrease. The law of diminishing marginal returns states that as more units of a variable input (e.g., labor) are added while keeping other inputs constant, the increase in output will eventually start to diminish.
In the context of Starbucks coffee production, adding more baristas to a fixed amount of coffee machines and workspace may initially increase productivity, but eventually, the additional output per barista will decrease, leading to diminishing returns.
a) Change in demand: The price of vegetable oil increases, affecting the market for olive oil. An increase in the price of vegetable oil, which is a substitute for olive oil, leads consumers to shift their preference towards olive oil, resulting in a change in demand for olive oil.
b) Change in quantity demanded: The price of vegetable oil increases, impacting the market for popcorn. An increase in the price of vegetable oil, which is used in popcorn production, will lead to a higher cost of production for popcorn sellers, potentially causing them to decrease the quantity of popcorn supplied. However, the change is not due to a shift in consumer preference but rather a change in the quantity demanded.
c) Change in demand: The price of olive oil decreases, affecting the market for olive oil. A decrease in the price of olive oil leads to a decrease in production costs for olive oil sellers, enabling them to supply more olive oil to the market and resulting in a change in demand for olive oil.
a) Change in supply: The price of crude oil decreases, affecting the market for crude oil. A decrease in the price of crude oil reduces the cost of production for crude oil suppliers, incentivizing them to increase their supply of crude oil to the market.
b) Change in supply: The price of crude oil decreases, affecting the market for gasoline. A decrease in the price of crude oil reduces the cost of production for gasoline suppliers, enabling them to produce and supply more gasoline to the market.
c) Change in quantity supplied: The price of gasoline increases, impacting the market for gasoline. An increase in the price of gasoline may encourage gasoline suppliers to increase the quantity of gasoline they supply to the market in response to the higher profitability, but it does not lead to a change in the overall supply of gasoline.
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Complete question:
Using Starbucks coffee as your good,explain each of the following using only a single sentence for each.1pts.each a.Income Effect b.Substitution Effect c.Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
For each situation, determine if the resulting change is in the given market is a change in demand or guantity demanded.1 pt.each) a. The price of vegetable oil increases,market for olive oil b.The price of vegetable oil increases,the market for popcorn c. The price of olive oil decreases,the market for olive oil
For each situation, determine if the resulting change is in supply or guantity supplied.(1 pt. each) a.The price of crude oil decreases,the market for crude oil b.The price of crude oil decreases,the market for gasoline c.The price of gasoline increases, the market for gasoline
Suppose that a population grows according to the unlimited growth model described by the dy differential equation 0.2y and we are dt given the initial condition y(0) = 600. = : 5. Find the size of the
The population grows according to the unlimited growth model described by the d y differential equation 0.2y. Given the initial condition y(0) = 600, the size of the population after 10 years is approximately 16254.
Population growth model: The unlimited growth model is a differential equation model that describes how a population grows when there is no limit to its growth. The equation of this model is given by d y/dt = k y, where k is the growth rate of the population. This equation is separable and can be solved using integration.
We can write this equation as: d y/y = k dt Integrating both sides, we have ∫ d y/y = ∫ k dt => ln |y| = kt + C where C is the constant of integration. Now, exponentiating both sides, we get |y| = e^(k t+ C) => |y| = Ce^ kt, where C is the constant of integration, and it can be positive or negative depending on the initial condition. Let's solve the given equation, d y/dt = 0.2y, with initial condition y(0) = 600.5. Find the size of the population after 10 years We can see that the given differential equation is separable: d y /dt = 0.2y ⇒ d y/y = 0.2 dt Integrating both sides, we have∫ d y/y = ∫ 0.2 dt ⇒ ln |y| = 0.2t + C where C is the constant of integration .Now, exponentiating both sides, we have |y| = e^(0.2t+C) = Ce^0.2twhere C is the constant of integration and C = ± 600 (since the initial condition is y(0) = 600). Therefore, we have |y| = 600e^(0.2t)Also, note that y = ±|y|. Since we are dealing with a population, we need to take the positive value of y. Hence, the size of the population after 10 years is: y(10) = 600e^(0.2(10)) = 600e^2 = 16254.84948... ≈ 16254 (rounded to the nearest integer).
Therefore, the size of the population after 10 years is approximately 16254.
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Suppose we are given the following yield curve (all rates expressed in annual compounding) Term 1 year Rate() 3.6 3.8 3.6 3 year Suppose a 11.5% 3-year bond is trading at 116.69 (assume antial coupons). Find the spread. Answer in basis points expressed to the nearest basis point) Find the 3 year per yield, assuming the zero-coupon year curve is as follows: All rates are expressed in annual compounding in this question) (2) Maturity your year year Fate . 11.1% 12.4%
Suppose a 11.5% 3-year bond is trading at 116.69, the spread is 4.56% - 3.8% = 76 basis points. The yield to maturity on the 3-year bond is 5.522%.
The yield to maturity on the 3-year bond can be calculated by using the following formula: `PMT * {[1 - (1 + r)^-n] / r} + FV / (1 + r)^n = PV` where, PMT = Annual payment = 11.5% * 1000 / 2 = $57.50
FV = Face value of bond = $1000
n = Number of payments = 2 * 3 = 6
PV = Price of bond = $1166.90
Therefore,57.50 * {[1 - (1 + r)^-6] / r} + 1000 / (1 + r)^6 = 1166.90
Solving the above equation, we get: r = 5.522%
The 3-year spot rate can be calculated using the following formula:`(1 + spot rate)^3 = (1 + 0.111)(1 + 0.124)`(1 + spot rate)^3 = 1.245324spot rate = (1.245324)^(1/3) - 1spot rate = 4.56%
Therefore, the spread is 4.56% - 3.8% = 76 basis points.
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Discuss the role of financial assets (instruments) in market economy and why they are important for successful functioning of the economy. Use shares, bonds, and mortgages as examples. A good answer should discuss how they help individuals, firms, and society at large?
Crypto currencies are a new type of financial instruments that are increasingly becoming popular. Elaborate that why and why not they are as reliable for investment as conventional assets such as shares and bonds. You may use bitcoin as an example and should research to display your knowledge.
Instruments of finance are a vital component of any economy. Financial instruments are used for investment purposes to achieve financial objectives. They include shares, bonds, mortgages, currencies, and other derivatives. They are significant in a market economy because they play an important role in the economic growth of a country.
They assist individuals, companies, and the economy as a whole in making sound financial decisions. The financial system in a market economy provides a variety of financial instruments to cater to the requirements of all sections of society. The financial market can be split into two categories: the primary market, where new shares and bonds are sold for the first time, and the secondary market, where existing financial instruments are traded by buyers and sellers on the stock exchange.
Shares: Companies issue shares to raise capital for investment and growth. The investor receives a portion of the company's profits and has voting rights. The buying and selling of shares is a vital element of the financial market, which aids in the mobilization of savings and investment.
Bonds: The government, as well as companies, issue bonds to raise money. The issuer promises to pay the investor interest on the borrowed sum as well as the principal amount. The investor who buys the bond earns interest and gets back the principal sum when the bond matures.
Mortgages: A mortgage is a loan secured by a property that enables individuals and businesses to purchase homes and commercial buildings. Mortgages are essential in the economy because they allow people to acquire property and for businesses to acquire commercial property.
Crypto-currencies are digital assets that are created as a medium of exchange utilizing blockchain technology. Bitcoin is a well-known digital currency. The most significant advantages of cryptocurrencies are anonymity and security, which offer privacy to users. They are a new form of investment that may give investors a high rate of return. However, they are not backed by governments or regulated by central banks, which makes them less secure than conventional assets. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and difficult to predict, which makes investing in them risky. Additionally, the lack of regulation, as well as the complexity of the technology, makes them susceptible to fraud and hacking. As a result, investment in cryptocurrencies is a risky endeavor that is not suitable for everyone.
In conclusion, financial instruments play a vital role in a market economy by mobilizing savings and investment. Shares, bonds, and mortgages are examples of instruments that are utilized to raise capital for growth and investment. They are essential because they assist in making sound financial decisions and contribute to the economic growth of a country. Crypto-currencies, on the other hand, are a new form of digital currency that is gaining popularity but are still not as dependable for investment as traditional assets. While cryptocurrencies provide anonymity and security, the lack of regulation, high volatility, and the likelihood of fraud and hacking make investing in them a risky proposition.
Therefore, investors must conduct thorough research and consult with financial professionals before investing in cryptocurrencies. To diversify their portfolios, investors should consider investing in traditional assets as well as cryptocurrency. Additionally, governments should consider regulating cryptocurrencies to protect investors and ensure that they contribute to the growth of the economy.
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Managerial accounting
Time left 0:26:15 9 d Tex's Manufacturing Company can make 100 units of a necessary component part with the following costs. Direct Materials f $120,000 Direct Labor 29,000 Variable Overhead 54,000 Fi
Therefore, the company is indifferent between making or buying when the external price for the 100 units is $223,000. Thus, the correct answer is e. None of the answers is correct.
To determine the external price at which Tex's Manufacturing Company is indifferent between making or buying 100 units of the component, we need to compare the costs of making it in-house versus purchasing it externally.
The total cost of making the component in-house can be calculated as follows:
Direct Materials: $120,000
Direct Labor: $29,000
Variable Overhead: $54,000
Fixed Overhead: $30,000 (minus $10,000 if purchased externally)
Total cost of making internally: $120,000 + $29,000 + $54,000 + $30,000 = $233,000
If the company decides to buy the component externally, it can avoid $10,000 of the fixed overhead costs, resulting in a total cost of:
Total cost of buying externally: $120,000 + $29,000 + $54,000 + ($30,000 - $10,000) = $223,000
Therefore, the company is indifferent between making or buying when the external price for the 100 units is $223,000.
Since none of the available answer options matches the calculated value, the correct answer would be E. None of the answers is correct.
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Complete question:
Time left 0:26:15 9 d Tex's Manufacturing Company can make 100 units of a necessary component part with the following costs. Direct Materials f $120,000 Direct Labor 29,000 Variable Overhead 54,000 Fixed Overhead 30,000 If Tex's Manufacturing Company purchases the component externally, $10,000 of the fixed costs can be avoided. At what external price for the 100 units is the company indifferent between making or buying? a. $190,000 O b. 180,000 c. $210,000 d. $229,000 e. None of the answers is correct.
Question 3 1 points Ehsan contributed a building at $22.500 and a land valued at $60,000. The journal entry to record this transaction for the partnership is OA Ehsan, Capital 89,100 Building 22,500 L
By making this journal entry, the partnership properly records Ehsan's capital contribution, ensuring accurate tracking of the partners' capital accounts and reflecting the increased value of the partnership's assets due to Ehsan's contribution of the building and land.
To record Ehsan's contribution of a building valued at $22,500 and land valued at $60,000 to the partnership, the journal entry would be as follows:
Date: [Date of the transaction]
Debit: Ehsan, Capital - $89,100
Credit: Building - $22,500
Credit: Land - $60,000
Explanation:
The journal entry reflects the increase in Ehsan's capital account by the total value of the contributions. The debit to Ehsan, Capital represents the increase in his capital account by the combined value of the building and land, which amounts to $89,100.
On the credit side, the Building account is credited with $22,500 to recognize the addition of the building as a partnership asset. Additionally, the Land account is credited with $60,000 to acknowledge the inclusion of the land in the partnership's assets.
By making this journal entry, the partnership properly records Ehsan's capital contribution, ensuring accurate tracking of the partners' capital accounts and reflecting the increased value of the partnership's assets due to Ehsan's contribution of the building and land.
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