a The nitrogenous bases of the double helix are paired in specific combinations: A with T and G with C.
What causes DNA to replicate itself?DNA is indeed a self-replicating molecule whose nucleotide constituents interact chemically in precise ways that enable the creation of self-assembled structures.DNA replication requires proteins in living systems.
What characteristic of DNA causes it to replicate?DNA replication is predominantly carried out by the polymerase enzyme DNA Pol III in E. coli.At the replication fork, it forms a replication complex with extraordinarily high processivity that endures the whole replication cycle.
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Where must a mutation occur if it is to directly affect an amino acid sequence?
Mutations are modifications to the DNA sequence that can result from radiation or other forms of DNA damage. The amino acid structure of a protein can be altered by mutations that take place in the section of a gene called the "coding region."
Another is that the vast majority of mutations happen in somatic mutations, such as muscle or skin cells, and only have an impact on the cell in which they originate and cells that develop from that cell. Mutations are modifications to the DNA sequence that can result from radiation or other forms of DNA damage. The amino acid structure of a protein can be altered by mutations that take place in the section of a gene called the "coding region."When an organism reproduces sexually, germ-line mutations take place in the egg cells (sperm or eggs) and are passed on to the progeny. Non-reproductive cells experience somatic mutations, which are transmitted through the process of mitosis to daughter cells but not to the progeny during sexual reproduction. High-energy sources like radiation or the presence of environmental chemicals can both result in mutations.
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A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall is known as:
A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall is known as Anterior prolapse (cystocele).
What is hernia?Hernia is described as the bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.
A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue called fascia.
It is know that hernias are caused by a combination of pressure and an opening or weakness of muscle or fascia wherein the pressure pushes an organ or tissue through the opening or weak spot.
This is due to the muscle being weak at birth or later in the life of the individual.
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how does cellular respiration impact the observed rate of photosynthesis? is your calculated rate of photosynthesis accurate?
No, cellular respiration decreases the observed rate of photosynthesis by delivering CO2. Because of this, the actual rate of photosynthesis is higher than the observed rate.
Consequently, the rate of respiration exceeds the rate of photosynthetic activity. As a result, breathing as a whole produces an excessive amount of carbon dioxide.
The plant is taking in more carbon dioxide as a result of this. Consequently, more carbon dioxide is taken in. There would be no glucose or oxygen for respiration without photosynthesis. Photosynthesis would not be possible without carbon dioxide.
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The creation of milk products such as cheeses and yogurts is dependent on the conversion by various anaerobic bacteria, including several Lactobacillus species, of lactose to glucose and galactose, ultimately producing lactic acid. These conversions are dependent on both permease and -galactosidase as part of the lac operon. After selection for rapid fermentation for the production of yogurt, one Lactobacillus subspecies lost its ability to regulate lac operon expression.. Would you consider it likely that in this subspecies the lac operon is on or off? What genetic events would likely contribute to the loss of regulation as described above?
A mutation in the beta glycosidase gene such that an ineffective enzymes is made. A mutation in permease gene such that an ineffective enzymes is made.
What is mutation?Mutation is defined as the alteration of one base unit in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes, leading in a variant form of a gene that may be passed down to future generations.
Because the F′prolac has a mutation in lacI, the conjugants will lack repressor function and be kanamycin-resistant. However, even if the F′ has a lacO mutation, it will still create a functional repressor, which will stop the kanamycin resistance gene from being expressed.
Thus, a mutation in the beta glycosidase gene such that an ineffective enzymes is made. A mutation in permease gene such that an ineffective enzymes is made.
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What does 5 and 3 mean in DNA and mRNA?
In DNA and mRNA, 5 and 3 means to the total number of carbon snippet in a deoxyribose sugar reinforcement to which a phosphate group does make a bond.
DNA is the information reinforcement. It stores the orders for making other big molecules, which are called as the proteins. These orders are stocked in the cells, and than distributed among the various chromosomes which are made up of thousands of small paths of DNA, called genes.
Deoxyribose is the five- carbon sugar reinforcement that helps to form the phosphate backbone of the molecules of DNA. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer whixch is formed of many nucleic acids. Each of the nucleic acid is composed of a deoxyribose patch bound to both a phosphate group.
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Where food is broken down by the digestive enzymes?
The pancreas, stomach, and small intestine produce digestion enzymes. The "powerhouse" of enzymes for digestion is actually the pancreas. The most vital digestive enzymes—those that liquefy fats, proteins, and carbohydrates—are produced by it.
The process by which food is converted into energy is called digestion. For instance, our saliva, pancreas, intestines, and stomach contain enzymes. They disintegrate proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. These nutrients help enzymes grow and repair damaged cells.
Produced by the stomach, pepsin. Proteins are converted to amino acids with the aid of pepsin. produced by the pancreas is trypsin. Additionally, trypsin degrades proteins.
The intestinal glands secrete various enzymes, including lipase, amylase, sucrase, lactase, maltase, aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase.
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Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which of the following steps?
A) attachment
B) penetration
C) uncoating
D) biosynthesis
E) release
Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which of the following steps the correct option D) biosynthesis.
Animal viruses and bacteriophages do not considerably differ in the domain of biosynthesis. In an enzyme-catalyzed process, substrates are changed into products in living things. Bacteriophages and animal viruses both have comparable structures, which is why it is typically a multi-step process.Bacteriophages have a cycle called lytic/lysogenic. While the lysogenic cycle results in the integration of the phage into the host genome, the lytic cycle results in the death of the host. While animal viruses enter the host cell through membrane fusion or endocytosis, bacteriophages inject DNA into the host cell.The following are the steps in the lytic cycle of bacteriophages:
Phage attachment is the first step in the process of entering a bacterial cell as are bacterial cell entry, phage replication, and phage birth.To know more about Bacteriophages
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Which nervous system cells respond to injury?
Answer:
Central nerve cells
Explanation:
Central nerve cells undergo a stereotyped regenerative response following physical injury. 2. This reaction involves adaptive changes within the axon and cell body of origin, directed at sprouting and synaptogenesis.
Bloodtype phenotype Genotype
A+
B+
A-
B-
AB+
O+
O-
Answer:
The genotype must be AB. Someone with blood type O has neither the A nor the B allele.
Explanation:
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What are 3 important things about coral reefs?
What is the medical term for sclerosis?
The medical term for sclerosis is Multiple Sclerosis. The suffix -sclerosis means hardening and is used in atherosclerosis which means hardening of the arteries.
Sclerosis means pathological hardening of tissue especially from overgrowth of stringy tissue or increment in interstitial tissue. Sclerosis is a medical term that means hardening of a tissue. Atherosclerosis is a form of sclerosis. Its common name — “ hardening of the arteries". Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body( arteries) come thick and stiff — occasionally confining blood inflow to the organs and tissues. Because they both use the term “ sclerosis, ” multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis refer to hardening of a body tissue. In this way, multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis are similar.
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usually, a river ________ at its source compared to farther downstream.
There can be many answers for these king of question for eg:- Its wider
Label the olfactory receptors and pathways Olfactory epithelium Lamina propria Olfactory receptor cells Olfactory glomerulus Cribriform plate Reset Zoom
Synapses are formed between the terminals of the olfactory nerve and the dendrites of mitral, periglomerular, and tufted cells in the glomerulus, which is a spherical structure found in the olfactory bulb of the brain.
This structure is referred to as the glomerulus. Each glomerulus is encompassed by a diverse population of juxtaglomerular neurons and glial cells on all sides. These juxtaglomerular neurons include periglomerular, short axon, and external tufted cells. Glial cells are also present. Near the surface of the olfactory bulb is where you'll find each and every glomerulus. A component of the anterior olfactory nucleus is also contained within the olfactory bulb. The cells contained within this portion of the nucleus contribute fibers to the olfactory tract. They are the first synaptic sites that are involved in the processing of odor information that is received from the nose. A glomerulus is composed of a globular tangle of axons that originate from the olfactory receptor neurons and dendrites that originate from the mitral and tufted cells. Additionally, a glomerulus is surrounded by cells that include external tufted cells, periglomerular cells, short axon cells, and astrocytes. All of these cells contribute to the formation of the glomerulus.
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What is active site mutation?
The folded morphologies of an enzyme's active site and its affinity for its substrate can be changed by a mutation that takes place in a region of DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence located there.
On the surface of enzymes, active sites are areas that either catalyze reactions or bind substrates. These regions were typically particularly modeled by nature during the evolution of the enzyme. Consequently, the catalytic site and the substrate binding site can be considered to be the two components of the active site.
As long as the active site is unaffected, the gene mutation is not an issue. Lucy was able to produce more proteins and break down deoxyadenosine regularly thanks to the assistance of stem cell therapy in battling the excess stop protein.
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How do animals depend on photosynthesis? check both responses that correctly answer this question.
Through the process of photosynthesis, plants create food, and since animals need energy, they eat the food that plants have produced. Additionally, plants release oxygen, which animals may then take in and breathe.
All of the energy needed by living things is produced during photosynthesis. Animals that consume plants get their energy from the sugar that plants store, and animals that eat those plants get their energy from the animals that eat those animals. As a result, photosynthetic organisms continue to provide the energy necessary to sustain all layers of a food web.
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1 Which of the following is not a characteristic of water Water is composed of polar molecules Water is organic compound Water stabilizes temperature because it has a high specific heat Water has a ph of 7.0 because it is neither an acid or a base 2 Identify which of the following question is accurate Water molecules have no polarity therefore they are hydrophobic Water molecules exhibit polarity. Therefore substances attracted to water are hydrophilic The electrons in a water molecule spend most of their time around the hydrogen atom Water molecules can be polar or nonpolar; it depends on how the electron configure themselves 3 At a pH of 4 identify which of the following questions is accurate There are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions; the solution is basic The solution is neutral; neither basic or acidic The solution has more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions; the solution is acidic 4 A RBC has a solute concentration of 530 miliequ, while a check cell is seen to have a solute concentration of 210 millieq. Which is an accurate representation of this phenomena? the rbc is hypertonic to the cheek cell; water will flow into the RBCcTrue the rbc is hypertonic to the cheek cell; water will flow out of the RBC the cheek cellis hypertonic to the RBC; water will not move in either direction
The right answer is (3) An ionic bond holds it together. (3) An ionic bond holds it together. Option 3 is not a water characteristic since the bonds that hold water together are covalent bonds.
Water's four distinguishing characteristics are its high specific heat, high polarity, adhesion cohesiveness, and decreased solid density. Because of the unequal distribution of electrons among the atoms and the asymmetrical form of the molecule, a water molecule has two poles: a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side) (side). Option 3 is not a water characteristic since the bonds that hold water together are covalent bonds.
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Problem 17.7 Calculate the pI of each of the following amino acids: Express your answer using two decimal places. Part A asparagine Part B glycine Part C serine Part D aspartate
The PI of the amino acid asparagine is 5.41, glycine is 5.97, serine is 5.68, and aspartate is 2.77, and the PI of the amino acid indicates that it is the isoelectric point at which the net charge is zero.
What is the isoelectric point of an amino acid?The amino acid contains a carboxylic group and an amino group, and because the amino group and carboxylic group can both give and accept protons and change the charge on the amino acid, the PH at which the net charge on the amino acid is zero or neutral is known as the isoelectric point.
Hence, the PI of the amino acid asparagine is 5.41, glycine is 5.97, serine is 5.68, and aspartate is 2.77, and the PI of the amino acid indicates that it is the isoelectric point at which the net charge is zero.
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Most enveloped viruses use the host __________ membrane as their envelope source.
A. plasma
B. nuclear
C. mitochondrial
D. none of these
Most of the enveloped viruses use the host plasma membrane as their source for envelope.
Viruses are the acellular structures that are pathogenic in nature. These are called acellular because they do not follow the cell theory. Viruses are non-living outside any living body, but once inside a living body, they gain their potential to divide.
Plasma membrane is the outer layer of the cells that keeps the inner components of the cell separated from the outer environment. It is made up of lipid bilayer along with proteins and cholesterol. The plasma membrane is also involved in regulating the movement of substances across it.
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What is the process of breaking down food for energy called?
Through the process of digestion, the large molecules in the food we eat are broken down into smaller ones that can be used as building blocks or an energy source.
What is digestion, and what does it do?Food is broken down by the digestive system into nutrients like proteins, lipids, and carbs. Once they are taken into the bloodstream, the body can use them for energy, development, and repair.
What is an example of digestion?Based on how food is broken down, digestion, a type of catabolism, is sometimes separated into two processes: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. When a huge food item is physically broken down into smaller bits so that digestive enzymes may reach them, this process is referred to as mechanical digestion.
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Do tattoos help mental health?
Tattoos can help to unburden your mind and help you heal. People often use tattoos as reminders of their strength, their resiliency, and the fact they're alive.
There is a reason why the phrase "ink therapy" was invented. Tattoos are frequently used to remind people of their strength, resiliency, and the fact that they are alive. You may have been mistreated, damaged, or injured in some manner.
Having a specific symbol or phrase tattooed on you might serve as a daily reminder that you are alive and well. Many people, for example, have begun to acquire semicolon tattoos to symbolize life and the reality that you're still here and trying your best.
On the other hand, even getting a ridiculous tattoo that you find amusing can help. When you're having trouble focusing and life feels overwhelming, getting a tattoo and feeling the agony from the needle might help you focus on one thing. Many of your other concerns will vanish in the process. It's a fantastic stress reliever.
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What are the 5 types of settlement patterns?
The 4 principal varieties of settlements are urban, rural, compact, and dispersed. Urban settlements are densely populated and are typically non-agricultural.
They are referred to as towns or metropolises and are the maximum populated sort of agreement. These settlements absorb the maximum land, resources, and servicesSome examples of agreement styles include, nucleated settlements, linear settlements and dispersed settlements.
Settlements may be everlasting or brief. Temporary Settlement. Settlements which can be occupied for a quick time Eire referred to as brief settlements. Permanent Settlement. Under everlasting settlements, human beings construct houses to stay in.
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What are 5 things all cells have in common?
Answer:
a cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane)
cytoplasm.
ribosomes.
DNA (genetic information)
Explanation:
1.
What are the minimum requirements for growing cells in culture?
Group of answer choices
Complete culture medium, pH around 7.4 and a 5% CO2 atmosphere
Complete culture medium, pH around 7.4 and a 15% CO2 atmosphere
Complete culture medium, pH around 9.4 and a 5% CO2 atmosphere
Basal medium, pH around 7.4 and a 5% CO2 atmosphere
2.
What is the condition under the air flow hood like
Group of answer choices
Very clean but not absolutely sterile
Absolutely sterile
Complete asepticall
high level of of CO2
3.
How you detach the adherent cell when you need to sub-culture ?
Group of answer choices
All of them are possible method
enzymatic dissociation
Shaking off
using scraper
Minimum requirements for growing cells in culture is basal medium, pH around 7.4 and 5% CO2 atmosphere.
What do you mean by basal medium?Basal media are those that can be used to grow (culture) bacteria without the need for additional media enrichment. Examples: Nutrient broth, nutrient agar and peptone water. 2. Enriched media.
Enriched media provides growth factors, vitamins, and other important nutrients to help fastidious organisms develop. The basal medium is prepared by anaerobic incubation of all ingredients in RGCSA medium except the carbohydrates, Na2CO3, and cysteine for 7 days at 38 degrees C.
After incubation, substrate(s), Na2CO3 and cysteine are added and the medium is tubed and sterilized as in normal medium preparation.
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What does vehicle mean in microbiology?
Vehicle-borne transmission is an indirect transmission process in which the pathogen is transferred from one host to another via inanimate intermediary vehicle objects.
A vehicle can passively transport a pathogen, just as food or water can. Chikungunya fever, Zika virus fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis (all transmitted by mosquitos), and tick-borne encephalitis are examples of viral diseases transmitted by vectors (transmitted by ticks). Cooking or eating utensils, bedding or clothing, toys, surgical or medical instruments (such as catheters), or dressings are examples of vehicles that can transmit diseases. Water, food, beverages (such as milk), and biological products such as blood, serum, plasma, tissues, or organs can all be used as vehicles.
Contact is the most common mode of transmission of health-care-associated infections and is classified as direct or indirect. Noroviruses, which cause many gastrointestinal infections, are an example of contact-transmitted microorganisms.
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What are epigenetics in simple terms?
Based on the observations you made in the activity, how do you think your total cholesterol score would change if you started eating more unsaturated fats than you currently do? what if you started eating significantly less saturated and trans fats than you currently do? what if you did both at the same time?.
Total cholesterol score is a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in the blood. If you started eating more unsaturated fats then the total cholesterol score will increase. Unsaturated fats are unhealthy.
The ranges for total cholesterol score in adults are as follows:
Normal: Less than 200 mg/dL
Borderline high: 200 to 239 mg/dL
High: At or above 240 mg/dL
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create a punnett square for each of the three traits where both parents are spiny, orange heterozygotes (ss, rr, yy). a) what is the proportion of offspring with spines?
A Punnett square is a tool used to determine the genetic outcome of a cross between two parents. It is used to determine the probability of the offspring having particular traits based on the alleles of the parents.
In the case of the spiny, orange heterozygotes (SS, RR, YY), a Punnett square can be used to determine the proportion of offspring with spines. The punnett square would look like this:
S S R R Y Y
S SS SR RY RR
S SS SR RY RR
Y SY SS RR YY
In this Punnett square, the parents are represented by the capital letters on the top and left sides. The offspring are represented by the lowercase letters within the grid. The proportion of offspring with spines can be determined by counting the number of offspring with the genotype SS (two squares in the grid). Therefore, the proportion of offspring with spines is 2/4, or 50%.
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the classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the
The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the spinal cord.
A mechanism in the spinal cord known as the "Gate Control Theory of Pain" allows pain signals to either be sent to the brain to be processed to intensify the potential for perceived pain or to reduce it in the spinal cord itself.
The "gate" is the mechanism that controls whether pain signals can pass through or not. The gate can either be "open" or "closed," either of which can occur:
Pain signals can pass through the gate if it is open, and they will be sent to the brain to make the pain feel real.
The perception of pain will be lost if the gate is closed, as pain signals will be prevented from reaching the brain.
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Which image represents the person who has a lower level of visceral adiposity?
The woman in red represents the person who has a lower level of visceral adiposity.
Visceral adipose tissue, which makes up a portion of the body's total fat and is hormonally active, has distinct biochemical properties that have an impact on both healthy and unhealthy bodily functions. Visceral obesity is characterised by an abnormally high buildup of visceral adipose tissue.
The building blocks for an increase in visceral fat include a poor diet with a high intake of fatty foods and carbohydrates (sugars) and a sedentary lifestyle. But stress also plays a role. The hormone cortisol is activated by stress in the body.
Complete question:
Which image represents the person who has a higher level of visceral adiposity?
a. Woman in red
b. Woman in green
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How does biology help the environment?
For example, biologists analyze soil, water, and air for chemical pollution as part of the protection, management, and monitoring of the land's current resources. discovering methods to clear up pollutants.
The environment is it studied in biology?A life science is biology. The living environment and the interaction between biological organisms and their surroundings are important topics to discuss when studying biology.
How is science beneficial to the environment?Science has aided in the reduction of pollutants in many regions of the world; new automobiles today are 99% cleaner than they were fifty years ago, for instance. The current global energy demand can be met by renewable resources more than 3,000 times over. We now have cleaner, safer water thanks to new discoveries and technology.
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