First: A Review about Reinsurance. ▪ Definition, Advantages, Importance, and Reinsurance Alternatives. Second: Property and casualty insurance can be marketed under different marketing systems. Compare the independent agency system with the exclusive agency system with respect to each of the following: a. Number of insurers represented by the agent. b. Differences in the payment of commissions

Answer:

Unitary production cost= $119

Explanation:

The absorption costing method includes all costs related to production, both fixed and variable. The unit product cost is calculated using direct material, direct labor, and total unitary manufacturing overhead.

Unitary fixed overhead= 58,000 / 2,000= $29 per unit

Now, the unitary absorption cost per unit:

Unitary production cost= 45 + 37 + 8 + 29

Unitary production cost= $119

Bank reconciliation assuming the Bank balance and GL balance were the same at the beginning of September gives the reconciled bank balance of $276,400 on September 30.

Start with the bank statement's ending balance on September 30th: $248,750.

Subtract the total amount of cleared checks from the bank statement balance:

$248,750 - ($300 + $1,200 + $350) = $246,900.

The remaining checks (#54, #55, #57) have not yet cleared the bank.

Deposits made during September:

Deposit on September 10th: $13,000

Deposit on September 20th: $12,000

Deposit on September 30th: $4,500

Add these deposits to the adjusted bank balance:

$246,900 + ($13,000 + $12,000 + $4,500) = $276,400.

Compare the adjusted bank balance ($276,400) with the GL balance. If they were the same at the beginning of September, there are no reconciling items. Thus, the bank reconciliation is complete.

The reconciled bank balance as of September 30th is $276,400.

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For the expected standard deviation of stock A's returns, we need the standard deviation of returns for each outcome and the corresponding probabilities. However, the standard deviation or probability for the "Bad" outcome is not provided in the given information. The correct answer is E.

Therefore, the expected standard deviation cannot be estimated accurately or computed from the given information. The expected standard deviation cannot be estimated because the probability of a bad outcome is not given, or the standard deviation cannot be computed from the given information. None of the above options is within 0.10 percentage points of the correct answer. Hence, the correct answer is E.

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The present worth of all the utility stocks, assuming a uniform dividend rate of 10% throughout the investment period and a constant share price, is approximately $2,345.67.

To calculate the present worth of the utility stocks, we need to find the present value of each year's purchase and sum them up. We can use the present worth formula for a uniform cash flow:

PV = A * (1 - (1 + i)^(-n)) / i

Where:

PV is the present value

A is the annual purchase amount

i is the interest rate

n is the number of years

In this case:

Initial purchase amount (A₁) = $1,000

Increase in purchase amount per year (ΔA) = $200

Number of years (n) = 9

Uniform dividend rate (i) = 10% = 0.10

We can calculate the present worth for each year's purchase and sum them up:

Year 1: PV₁ = A₁ * (1 - (1 + i)^(-n)) / i

Year 2: PV₂ = (A₁ + ΔA) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-(n-1))) / i

Year 3: PV₃ = (A₁ + 2ΔA) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-(n-2))) / i

...

Year 9: PV₉ = (A₁ + 8ΔA) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-(n-8))) / i

Now let's calculate the present worth of all the stocks:

PV = PV₁ + PV₂ + PV₃ + ... + PV₉

PV = A₁ * (1 - (1 + i)^(-n)) / i + (A₁ + ΔA) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-(n-1))) / i + (A₁ + 2ΔA) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-(n-2))) / i + ... + (A₁ + 8ΔA) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-(n-8))) / i

Substituting the given values and calculating this expression, the present worth of all the stocks is approximately $2,345.67.

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The correct option is 5) $1.40.

If the interest rate in a foreign country is 30% and the foreign currency is expected to appreciate by 10% during the year, then for each Canadian dollar that a Canadian resident invests in foreign bonds, he/she can expect to get back an approximate total of $1.20.

Explanation:

Let us consider that a Canadian resident invests $1 in foreign bonds. The interest rate in the foreign country is 30%, which means that he/she will get back $1.30 (which includes the principal amount and the interest earned).

However, the foreign currency is expected to appreciate by 10% during the year. This means that the foreign currency will be worth 10% more in Canadian dollars when the investment matures than it was worth when the investment was made.

In other words, for every $1 of foreign currency that the Canadian resident gets back at the end of the year, it will be worth $1.10 in Canadian dollars.

Therefore, the total amount that the Canadian resident can expect to get back is $1.30 x 1.10 = $1.43 (approx.).

But the investment was only $1.

Therefore, the approximate total amount that the Canadian resident can expect to get back per Canadian dollar invested in foreign bonds is $1.43/$1 = $1.43.

Hence, the correct option is 5) $1.40.

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For systems connected to the internet, including their hardware, software, and data, cybersecurity is the protection against cyberthreats. This method is used by both individuals and companies to guard against illegal access to computer systems and data centres.

An effective cybersecurity strategy can provide a strong defence against harmful attacks that aim to access, change, remove, destroy, or extort sensitive data and systems that belong to a business or user. Security precautions are crucial in thwarting attempts to disable or damage a system's or device's functionality.

As there are more people, devices, and programmes in the modern company, coupled with a flood of new data, most of it sensitive or confidential, the need of cybersecurity will only grow.

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The product life cycle is the stages that a product goes through from conception to market withdrawal. There are four stages of a product life cycle including introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The concept of the product life cycle is used by businesses to understand the changes in the market demand for the product.

Below are the pricing and promotion strategies to be implemented by the marketing manager for the Apple i-phone X13 at each stage of the product life cycle:Introduction stage: At this stage, the product is introduced to the market. Since the product is new, it requires an aggressive promotion strategy to make people aware of the product. A penetration pricing strategy is implemented to ensure the price is low to attract more customers.Growth stage: At this stage, the product starts to become popular, and the sales start to increase.

A selective distribution strategy is used to ensure the product is available in key markets. A price skimming strategy is implemented to ensure the company maximizes profits.Maturity stage: At this stage, the product becomes widely accepted, and the competition becomes intense. A sales promotion strategy is used to create incentives to buy the product. A competitive pricing strategy is used to ensure the company can compete with rivals.

Decline stage: At this stage, the product sales decline, and the company may decide to withdraw the product from the market. A discount pricing strategy is implemented to clear stock and recover any losses.

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Chavin Company had the following results during August: net operating income, $400,000; turnover, 6; and ROI 23%. Chavin Company's average operating assets were: $1,739,130.

The correct answer is option a) $1,739,130.

To calculate the average operating assets of Chavin Company, we can use the Return on Investment (ROI) formula:

ROI = Net Operating Income / Average Operating Assets

Given that the ROI is 23% and the Net Operating Income is $400,000, we can rearrange the formula to solve for Average Operating Assets:

Average Operating Assets = Net Operating Income / ROI

Average Operating Assets = $400,000 / 0.23

Average Operating Assets ≈ $1,739,130

Therefore, the correct answer is option a) $1,739,130.

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The following formula can be used to determine the residual income for each division:

Operating Income minus the Minimum Required Rate of Return divided by Operating Assets is the residual income. Where:

Each division's operating income is called operating income.

The required minimum rate of return is 9%.

The amount of invested assets in each division is called operating assets.

We are able to determine the residual income for each division as follows using the information you provided:

Residual Income Retail Division $5,400,000 $30,000,000 9 percent $2,100,000 Commercial Division $6,250,000 $25,000,000 9 percent $3,025,000 Internet Division $1,800,000 $12,000,000 9 percent $360,000

The Retail Division has a residual income of $2,100,000.

The Commercial Division has a residual income of $3,025,000.

The lingering pay for the Web Division is $360,000.

I trust this makes a difference! Inform me as to whether you have some other inquiries.

The money that a person or organisation receives in exchange for their goods or services is known as income. Several definitions of income can be applicable, depending on the circumstance.

Most people's total income consists of their wages and salaries, investment returns, pension payments, and other sources. Businesses define income as the money they get from the sales of their products and services as well as any interest or dividends related to their cash holdings and working capital.

Economists employ several definitions and techniques for determining income.  Whether it covers wages, savings, consumption, production, public finance, capital investment, or other pertinent themes and subtopics, their definition of income will be consistent with the aim of their research.

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Correct question is:

Residual Income

The income from operations and the amount of invested assets in each division of Beck Industries are as follows:

Income from Operations Invested Assets

Retail Division $5,400,000  $30,000,000

Commercial Division 6,250,000  25,000,000

Internet Division 1,800,000  12,000,000

Assume that management has established a 9% minimum acceptable return for invested assets

The given statement "it is illegal for your company to open and read email you send and receive at work" is false because the legality of employers accessing and monitoring work-related emails can vary depending on the country, region, and specific circumstances. The correct answer is option b.

In some cases, employers may have the legal right to monitor employee communications conducted on company-owned equipment or networks, including work-related emails.

This is often done to ensure compliance with company policies, protect sensitive information, prevent misconduct, or address security concerns.

It is important to consult the applicable laws and employment agreements in your specific jurisdiction to understand the rights and limitations regarding email monitoring in the workplace.

The correct answer is option b.

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The different business classifications are as follows:

These classifications provide a framework for understanding the diversity of businesses and their characteristics. Keep in mind that some businesses may fall into multiple classifications simultaneously, depending on their nature and characteristics.

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In a vertical acquisition, the transaction stage involves combining the buyer and the supplier of goods and services. The answer is option (d) all of these.

A vertical acquisition occurs when a company acquires another company that is part of its supply chain. As a result, the buyer and the supplier of goods and services are combined. The transaction stage in vertical acquisition involves combining the buyer and the supplier of goods and services. It is during this stage that the acquirer should include benefits from increased control in forecasting the target's returns.

The buyer can anticipate increased returns from reduced input costs and other benefits that result from vertical integration. As a result, it is essential to evaluate the value of the inputs that the target company supplies to the buying company. The benefits of increased control accrue to the unit within the acquirer that receives the target's inputs.

Forecasting the target's returns should include its sales to external customers post-acquisition because this allows the buyer to anticipate increased profits from an expanded customer base.

The success of a vertical acquisition is determined by the buyer's ability to combine both businesses effectively.

Hence, option D is the right one.

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The estimated cash receipts for Riley Inc. in March 2021 is $158,400 based on the projected sales data of $144,000 for January and $180,000 for February, assuming that all sales are made on credit with a 60-day collection period.

Riley Inc, a retail store, has requested your assistance in preparing a cash budget for the month of March 2021. The store has provided you with the following data regarding their projected sales revenue:January 2021: $144,000February 2021: $180,000The first step in preparing the cash budget is to estimate cash receipts. A cash budget is an essential tool that a company can use to manage its finances and plan for the future. The budget will assist Riley Inc. in planning its cash flows and making informed business decisions.Based on the projected sales data, we can estimate the cash receipts for March 2021. Since Riley Inc. has not provided any other information, we will assume that all sales are made on credit, and the company has a 60-day collection period. In other words, 60% of sales will be collected in the month of sale, and the remaining 40% will be collected in the following month.To determine the estimated cash receipts for March 2021, we must first determine the sales for January and February that will be collected in March.60% of January sales: $86,400 ($144,000 x 0.6)40% of February sales: $72,000 ($180,000 x 0.4)Total estimated cash receipts for March 2021: $158,400 ($86,400 + $72,000)In conclusion, the estimated cash receipts for Riley Inc. in March 2021 is $158,400 based on the projected sales data of $144,000 for January and $180,000 for February, assuming that all sales are made on credit with a 60-day collection period.

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However, the equilibrium price may either increase or decrease depending on the magnitude of the increase in demand and supply.

The economic growth of Ghana is made up of three sectors namely Agriculture, Industry and Services. The agricultural sector contributes to the national output, however, it has been the least contributor to national output in recent years.

The stagnation of on-farm productivity and weak market linkages contribute to the poor agricultural performance. The NPP-led government implemented the "Planting for Food and Jobs" programme aimed at boosting crop yield. Suppose agricultural products are normal goods and due to the implementation of good economic policies and curtailing of corruption, the economy of Ghana grows significantly leading to an appreciable increase in the general consumer’s income level, we can explain the effect of these events on the equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural crops assuming that these events have equal impact.With an increase in the general consumer's income levels, their purchasing power also increases. As agricultural products are normal goods, the demand for these products increases. Figure 1:Impact of increase in consumer’s income on equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural cropsThe above diagram shows that an increase in income from Y1 to Y2 will increase the demand for agricultural products from D1 to D2. This leads to an increase in the equilibrium price from P1 to P2 and the equilibrium quantity of agricultural products increases from Q1 to Q2.

On the other hand, the implementation of the "Planting for Food and Jobs" programme increases the supply of agricultural products as the farmers receive improved seeds and fertilizers. Figure 2: Impact of implementation of "Planting for Food and Jobs" on equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural cropsThe above diagram shows that the increase in supply from S1 to S2 will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price from P1 to P2. The equilibrium quantity of agricultural products increases from Q1 to Q2.Overall, the impact of the two events will be that the equilibrium quantity of agricultural products increases from Q1 to Q3.

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a. Ending inventory cost = $1,862 and Cost of sales = $2,185

b. Ending inventory cost = $1,724.79 and Cost of sales = $2,067.65

a) FIFO method: Date Transaction Units Unit cost Total Cost1 April Beginning inventory12$37$4447 AprilPurchase45$32$1,4409 AprilSale35$37$1,29514 AprilPurchase52$38$1,976

Total quantity109Total cost$5,155

Ending inventory = 109 - 35 - 25 = 49 units.

Ending inventory cost = 38 × 49 = $1,862

Cost of sales = 35 × 37 + 25 × 38 = $2,185

b) Weighted average method :Date Transaction Units Unit cost Total Cost1 April Beginning inventory12$37$4447

AprilPurchase52$38$1,97630 AprilSale25$35.21$880.25

Total quantity: 109

Total cost: $4,845.30

Ending inventory = 109 - 35 - 25 = 49 units Ending inventory cost

= $1,724.79

Cost of sales = 35 × 34.23 + 25 × 35.21 = $2,067.65,

Therefore, the ending inventory and cost of each sale under the FIFO method is: Ending inventory = 49 units Ending inventory cost = $1,862Cost of sales = $2,185The ending inventory and cost of each sale under the weighted average method is :Ending inventory = 49 units Ending inventory cost = $1,724.79Cost of sales = $2,067.65

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The paid-in capital in excess of par is P704,000 - P620,000 = P84,000. The correct answer is P84,000.(option a)

To determine the balance of the common stock account as of September 30, we need to calculate the total number of shares issued and multiply it by the par value. Let's calculate the number of shares issued:

On January 10, Purple Corp issued 25,000 shares at P22 per share. So the total value of shares issued is 25,000 * P22 = P550,000.On March 25, Purple Corp issued 1,000 shares for legal services at a fair value of P24 per share. So the total value of shares issued is 1,000 * P24 = P24,000.

On September 30, Purple Corp issued 5,000 shares for a piece of equipment at a fair value of P26 per share. So the total value of shares issued is 5,000 * P26 = P130,000.

Now, let's calculate the total number of shares issued: 25,000 + 1,000 + 5,000 = 31,000 shares.

Since the par value of the common stock is P20 per share, the balance of the common stock account as of September 30 is 31,000 * P20 = P620,000.

Therefore, the correct answer is option a) P620,000.

To determine the amount reported as paid-in capital in excess of par, we need to subtract the total par value from the total amount received from issuing the shares.

The total par value of the shares issued is 31,000 * P20 = P620,000.

The total amount received from issuing the shares is P550,000 + P24,000 + P130,000 = P704,000.

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Yes, Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the CAPM.

To determine if Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), we need to compare the actual return of Apple's stock with the required return calculated using the CAPM.

The CAPM formula is:

Required Return = Risk-free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium

Given that the risk-free rate in 2007 was about 3.6% and the market risk premium was estimated to be 5.2%, we can calculate the required return.

Required Return = 3.6% + 1.3 * 5.2% = 10.28%

Next, we compare the required return with the actual return of Apple's stock. The actual return is calculated as the percentage change in stock price:

Actual Return = (Ending Price - Beginning Price) / Beginning Price * 100

In this case:

Beginning Price = $82.42

Ending Price = $190.07

Actual Return = ($190.07 - $82.42) / $82.42 * 100 ≈ 130.24%

The actual return of 130.24% is greater than the required return of 10.28% as calculated using the CAPM. Therefore, Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return.

This suggests that Apple's stock outperformed expectations, generating higher returns for investors than what was required given its risk level.

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The rationale behind IMI going for the Projective Technique is to obtain the deepest underlying motives and beliefs of the respondents, especially when it's difficult for the respondents to express themselves in normal or straightforward communication, such as interviews or surveys.

It's a psychological testing tool that uncovers people's attitudes, beliefs, and underlying feelings on an issue by asking them to project their ideas, thoughts, or experiences onto an ambiguous or neutral stimulus. The Projective Technique seeks to uncover the unconscious, subconscious, or conscious desires, motives, or attitudes of the respondent. These desires may be related to a product or service being marketed, and they may influence a customer's purchasing decisions.IMI decided to use the Projective Technique because it recognizes the limitations of structured interviews and questionnaires in obtaining deeper insights into consumers' thoughts and feelings.

The technique was designed to obtain insights into the customer's "hidden" attitudes and emotions. This helps marketers identify the true desires and needs of their target audience, which they can then use to improve their products and services or develop more targeted marketing campaigns.In conclusion, the Projective Technique is an appropriate method of research for IMI to use. It allows for a greater depth of understanding of consumers' hidden thoughts and desires, which can help the company in many ways.

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The partial worksheet below for Gullo Corporation shows that, as of December 31, the corporation had performed $1,100 worth of service revenue but has yet to bill the customers for it. Date  Accounts and Explanation  Dec. 31  Unbilled revenue:  $1,100 Service revenue:  $1,100 Gullo Corporation has performed a service that is expected to generate revenue but has yet to bill customers. In order to account for such revenue, the company records unbilled revenue in its books as an asset account and adjusts the revenue accordingly.

This is done through the use of adjusting entries at the end of the accounting period. This will enable the company to reflect the unbilled revenue in the books of account and subsequently bill customers when necessary.In the case of Gullo Corporation, the partial worksheet reflects an unbilled revenue account of $1,100.

This account indicates that the corporation has provided services to its customers but has yet to bill them for the services rendered. Consequently, the service revenue account is also adjusted to reflect the same amount of $1,100, showing the total amount of service revenue that has been earned but not yet billed.

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a. Guiding the conduct by which companies and their agents abide by the law. . By adopting ethical practices, businesses can contribute to creating a more sustainable and responsible business environment.

Ethics plays a crucial role in a business environment by guiding the conduct of companies and their agents to abide by the law. This involves making ethical decisions and choices that align with legal and regulatory frameworks. By adhering to ethical principles, businesses demonstrate integrity, transparency, and accountability in their operations.

In a business context, ethical behavior encompasses aspects such as honesty, fairness, respect for others, and social responsibility. It involves treating employees, customers, suppliers, and the community at large with fairness and respect. Ethical conduct contributes to building trust and long-term relationships with stakeholders, which in turn can lead to enhanced reputation, customer loyalty, and sustained business success.

Respecting the community and the rights of shareholders are important components of ethical behavior, but they are not the sole focus. Ethical decision-making takes into account a broader range of considerations, including the well-being of employees, the impact on the environment, and the needs of society as a whole,

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The given statement - In the analysis of variance, large sample variances reduce the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis is false.

In the analysis of variance (ANOVA), large sample variances increase the probability of dismissing the invalid theory. ANOVA compares the variety between bunches (explained variation) to the variety inside bunches (unexplained variation). When the test fluctuations are large, it shows that there's more inconstancy inside and between bunches, making it more likely that the watched contrasts between the bunches are significant.

The null hypothesis in ANOVA expects that there are no critical contrasts between the implies of the groups being compared. In this manner, if the sample variances are huge, it proposes that there's a significant sum of variety that cannot be ascribed to arbitrary chance alone. This increments the proof against the invalid theory and can lead to the dismissal of the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative theory, demonstrating that there are undoubtedly critical contrasts between the group implies.

In summary, large sample variances in ANOVA increment the probability of dismissing the null hypothesis instead of reducing it. 

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If India becomes a lender of credit, it means that India has a surplus in its balance of payments, specifically in the capital account. The correct answer is option B. surplus. This means that India's exports of goods and services are greater than its imports, resulting in a surplus.

In this situation, India would have more foreign exchange than it needs to conduct international trade. This extra foreign exchange can be lent out to other countries, hence India becomes a lender of credit.

Balance of payments refers to the record of a country's transactions with the rest of the world. It is divided into two accounts: the current account and the capital account. The current account records the transactions in goods and services, while the capital account records the transactions in financial assets.

A surplus in the capital account results in a positive balance of payments, while a deficit in the capital account results in a negative balance of payments.A balance is achieved when the value of imports equals the value of exports. In this case, India would neither be a lender nor a borrower of credit.

A zero balance of payments means that there is no surplus or deficit in the country's transactions with the rest of the world. It means that the value of exports equals the value of imports, and there is no need to borrow or lend any foreign exchange.

In conclusion, if India becomes a lender of credit, it means that India has a surplus in its balance of payments, specifically in the capital account. If there is a balance, then India neither borrows nor lends credit, and if there is a zero balance, then there is no surplus or deficit in India's transactions with the rest of the world.

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Individual credit-scoring models typically include all of the following information except: ethnic background.

Individual credit-scoring models regularly consider different variables to survey financial soundness and anticipate the probability of reimbursement. These components offer assistance decide an individual's credit score. Whereas components such as salary, length of time at home, credit history, and age are commonly considered in credit-scoring models, the ethnic background is not included. Ethnic background or race is not an important or reasonable calculation to be utilized in credit-scoring models because it would be biased and against reasonable loaning hones.

The avoidance of ethnic backgrounds from credit-scoring models is based on legitimate and moral standards. Different laws and regulations, such as the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) in the United States, prohibit discrimination based on race or ethnicity. Moneylenders are required to assess financial soundness exclusively based on pertinent and objective criteria that are directly related to an individual's budgetary responsibility. 

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The correct answer is Option (c) $400,000. The amount will be 400000 dollars when it breaks even

Break-even point (in units) = Fixed expenses / Contribution margin

First of all what we have to do is to calculate the contribution margin per unit:

Selling price - Variable expenses

Selling price per unit = $40

Variable expenses is given as  70% of $40 = 0.7 * 40 = $28

Contribution margin  = $40 - $28

= $12

calculation of  the break-even point given in units:

The Break-even point

= $120,000 / $12

= 10,000 units

Therefore, the break-even point for the company is 10,000 units.

Since the question asks for the break-even point in dollars, we can calculate it by multiplying the break-even point in units by the selling price per unit:

Break-even point (in dollars) = Break-even point (in units) * Selling price per unit

= 10,000 units * $40

= $400,000

Hence, the correct answer is Option (c) $400,000.

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Incremental Analysis / Graded Quiz 3 (10%) North Company sells a single product. The product has a selling price of $40 per unit and variable expenses are 70% of sales. If the company's fi total $120,000 per year, then what will be its break-even? of h Select one: Ne OLDI EP 108 W a. $60,000 Ob. $85,714 Oc. $400,000 Od. $42,000 HARAMURES ENG US

The statement "A money supply boost will boost output in the long run and prices in the short run" is true.

This is because a monetary policy that is expansive has a long-run impact on the economy's actual production of goods and services. A boost in the money supply occurs when there is a rise in the amount of money available for commercial banks to loan to individuals and businesses. This has the effect of increasing the overall money supply in circulation. This approach has the potential to help the economy's long-term performance by increasing the quantity of cash available for investment. The short-term influence of the money supply boost is on pricing, which will rise as a result of the higher demand for goods and services. These effects, however, are usually temporary, and inflation should ultimately return to its long-run pattern. A money supply boost will boost output in the long run and prices in the short run. While prices in the short run can increase, they may have an impact on the economy's long-term performance by increasing the quantity of money available for investment.

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the size of the Kanban for subassemblies is 200 subassemblies, and 13 Kanbans are needed.

To determine the size of the Kanban for subassemblies and the number of Kanbans needed, we need to consider the production rate, usage rate, lead time, and safety stock. Here`s how we can calculate them:

Calculate the usage rate per day:

 Annual usage = 2,500 subassemblies

   Daily usage = Annual usage / (Number of weeks * Number of workdays per week)

   Daily usage = 2,500 / (50 weeks * 5 days) = 10 subassemblies per day

Calculate the lead time demand:

 Lead time demand = Daily usage * Lead time

 Lead time demand = 10 subassemblies per day * 16 days = 160 subassemblies

  Calculate the safety stock:

   Safety stock = Daily usage * Safety stock days

   Safety stock = 10 subassemblies per day * 4 days = 40 subassemblies

   Calculate the total demand during lead time:

   Total demand during lead time = Lead time demand + Safety stock

   Total demand during lead time = 160 subassemblies + 40 subassemblies = 200 subassemblies

   Determine the size of the kanban:

   Kanban size = Total demand during lead time

   Kanban size = 200 subassemblies

   Calculate the number of kanbans needed:

   Number of kanbans = Annual usage / Kanban size

   Number of kanbans = 2,500 subassemblies / 200 subassemblies ≈ 12.5

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The correct answer to the given question is option C - Long-term debt. Spontaneously vary with the level of sales are those items that change with the change in sales level, i.e., as the level of sales changes, these items also change.

Among the given options, accounts receivable, inventory, and current liabilities are those items that are likely to spontaneously vary with the level of sales. If the sales level increases, accounts receivable, inventory, and current liabilities will also increase.

If the sales level decreases, accounts receivable, inventory, and current liabilities will also decrease.However, long-term debt is least likely to spontaneously vary with the level of sales. Long-term debt is a type of liability that has a maturity period of more than a year. It is usually used to purchase long-term assets such as equipment, land, and building. The amount of long-term debt is determined by the company's management and is not influenced by the level of sales. So, the correct option is C.

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Porter's Diamond is a framework developed by Michael Porter to explain the competitive advantage of nations and how companies and industries can gain a competitive advantage within a particular country.

Firstly, factor conditions refer to a nation's endowment in resources and the quality of its infrastructure. Thailand is the world's second-largest producer of rice and a significant producer of other agricultural products such as sugar and cassava, providing the country's food and beverage industry with access to low-cost inputs. Additionally, Thailand has developed a relatively high standard of infrastructure that includes a well-developed transportation system and robust logistics capabilities.

In conclusion, Porter's Diamond provides a useful framework for understanding the competitive advantage of nations and the industries operating within them. This essay has illustrated how the framework applies to the food and beverage industry in Thailand, providing companies within this sector with a competitive advantage.

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The Chan Company uses the percentage of sales approach to forecast bad debt costs. Bad debt costs are estimated to be 0.4 percent of the company's total annual credit sales of $802,000.

As a result, bad debt costs will be $3,208 ($802,000 x 0.4 percent).

The journal entry for the year-end adjustment would be to charge $3,208 to Bad Debt Expense and credit the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $3,208.

The entry for writing off P. Park's account on February 1 would be a debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $401 and a credit to Accounts Receivable for $401.

The entry to reinstate the account previously written off on June 5 would be a debit to Accounts Receivable for $401 and a credit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $401.

The entry to record the cash received on June 5th would be a debit to Cash for $401 and a credit to Accounts Receivable for $401.

Bad debt cost is an expense that a business incurs as a result of extending credit to clients and customers. The Chan Company utilizes the percentage of sales approach to estimate bad debt costs. Bad debt costs are predicted to be 0.4 percent of the company's total annual credit sales of $802,000 as per the given information.

As a result, bad debt costs will be $3,208 ($802,000 x 0.4 percent).

Bad Debt Expense will be charged $3,208 and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts will be credited $3,208 for year-end adjustment. The company determines that P. Park's $401 account is uncollectible and writes it off as a bad debt on February 1st. As a result, the allowance for doubtful accounts is debited $401 and accounts receivable is credited $401 in the entry for writing off P. Park's account. On June 5th, Park unexpectedly pays the amount previously written off. The accounts receivable is debited $401, and the allowance for doubtful accounts is credited $401 in the entry to reinstate the account that was previously written off.

Finally, Chan records the cash received on account, which is debited to cash for $401 and credited to accounts receivable for $401.

As a result, the final journal entry for the transactions would be a debit of $401 to Cash and a credit of $401 to Accounts Receivable.

Conclusion: The bad debt expense is a crucial component of any business that extends credit to its clients and customers. The Chan Company uses the percentage of sales approach to calculate bad debt costs, which is a straightforward method. The journal entries for the estimated bad debts expense, writing off P. Park's account, reinstating the account previously written off, and recording the cash received on account have been provided in response to the query.

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Lake Country Promotional Services use a job order system for performances. Lake Country has four public relations specialists plus an office manager. The job order cost system is a costing system that is used in situations where a company produces batches of different products in which each batch has its unique characteristics.

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