Following the recent events between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian yield curve has become inverted. This situation was caused by two reasons: (1) the central bank raised interest rates to offset short-run inflationary pressures and (2) the market "priced" the higher risk coming from the resulting sanctions on the Russian financial system.
What is the yield curve?
The yield curve is a graphical representation of the interest rates of bonds with different maturity dates. It shows how bondholders are compensated with different rates for different periods of time. The normal yield curve is upward-sloping, meaning long-term bonds have higher interest rates than short-term bonds. An inverted yield curve, on the other hand, means that short-term bonds yield more than long-term bonds.What causes an inverted yield curve?There are two common reasons for an inverted yield curve: an increase in short-term interest rates or a decrease in long-term interest rates. The first reason is due to central banks raising interest rates to offset inflationary pressures in the short run. The second reason is market-driven and can occur when investors anticipate a future economic recession or downturn, which leads them to invest more in long-term bonds rather than short-term bonds.In the case of Russia, the yield curve has become inverted because of a combination of both reasons. The central bank raised interest rates to counter inflationary pressures, which led to higher short-term rates. Meanwhile, the market "priced in" the higher risk from the resulting sanctions on the Russian financial system, causing long-term bond yields to fall. This caused the yield curve to become inverted.
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the service a homewoner performs when she mows her yard is not included in gdp because
The service a homeowner performs when mowing her yard is not included in GDP because it is a non-market activity without a market transaction or monetary exchange.
The service a homeowner performs when mowing her yard is not included in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) because GDP measures the value of goods and services produced within a country's borders for the purpose of final consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. GDP captures economic activity that is exchanged in markets and involves transactions with monetary value.
When a homeowner mows her own yard, there is no market transaction involved, and no monetary exchange takes place. It is considered a non-market activity or a do-it-yourself (DIY) activity. GDP focuses on economic activities that involve market transactions and the exchange of money, where value is determined by the prices paid in the market.
Additionally, including the value of the service a homeowner performs for herself in GDP would lead to double counting, as the value of the homeowner's labor would already be captured when she purchases the lawn mower and any related inputs.
GDP focuses on economic activities involving market transactions, and including self-performed services would lead to double counting.
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The Smith family is evaluating two different college loans. Model A repays the loan in up to 10 years with equal monthly payments. Model B allows up to 25 years to repay the loan. Suppose that the family borrows $55,000 at 4.66% compounded monthly.
a) Calculate the monthly payment and total interest paid under the standard plan over 10 years.
b) Calculate the monthly payment and total interest paid under the extended plan over 25 years.
The correct answer is a) Monthly payment = $586.94 and Total interest paid = $15,432.80 and b) Extended plan Monthly payment = $318.54 and Total interest paid = $40,562.
a) The monthly payment and total interest paid under the standard plan over 10 years
Loan amount = $55,000
The interest rate = 4.66% per year compounded monthly Time to repay the loan under the standard plan = 10 years or 120 months
The formula for monthly payment under standard plan: `EMI = P × r × (1 + r)n/((1 + r)n - 1)` Where, P = Loan amount, r = Interest rate per month, n = Time in months EMI = 55000 × (0.0466/12) × (1 + 0.0466/12)120/[(1 + 0.0466/12)120 - 1]= $586.94
Total amount repaid = EMI × Time in months= $586.94 × 120= $70,432.80
Total interest paid = Total amount repaid - Loan amount= $70,432.80 - $55,000= $15,432.80
b) The monthly payment and total interest paid under the extended plan over 25 years
Loan amount = $55,000
The interest rate = 4.66% per year compounded monthly Time to repay the loan under an extended plan = 25 years or 300 months
The formula for monthly payment under extended plan: `EMI = P × r × (1 + r)n/((1 + r)n - 1)`Where, P = Loan amount, r = Interest rate per month, n = Time in months
EMI = 55000 × (0.0466/12) × (1 + 0.0466/12)300/[(1 + 0.0466/12)300 - 1]= $318.54
Total amount repaid = EMI × Time in months= $318.54 × 300= $95,562Total interest paid = Total amount repaid - Loan amount= $95,562 - $55,000= $40,562
Thus, the monthly payment and total interest paid under the standard plan over 10 years and under the extended plan over 25 years are: Standard plan
Monthly payment = $586.94
Total interest paid = $15,432.80
Extended plan Monthly payment = $318.54
Total interest paid = $40,562.
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Maria Sdn Bhd, had taxable income of RM325,850 for the year. The company's marginal tax rate was 26 percent and its average tax rate was 21 percent. How much did the company have to pay in taxes for the year? Select one: A. RM32,356.34 B. RM53,235.45 C. RM68,428.50 D. RM45,335.21
RM45,335.21. To calculate the amount of tax the company has to pay, we will use the average tax rate since the tax rate is calculated on a sliding scale. The company's average tax rate is 21 percent.
The correct option is D)
Therefore, 21% of
RM325,850 is:(21 / 100) × RM325,850 = RM68,428.50
The company will not pay this amount in taxes since the company's average tax rate is lower than its marginal tax rate. Marginal tax rate is the tax rate applied to the last dollar earned, whereas average tax rate is the total tax paid divided by the total taxable income.
To calculate the amount of tax the company will pay, we need to determine the amount of taxable income that falls in the 26% tax bracket (marginal tax rate).Income falling in the 26% tax bracket is:
RM325,850 – RM177,500 = RM148,350
Therefore, tax on RM148,350 at 26% is:
(26 / 100) × RM148,350 = RM38,551.79
Tax on income not falling in the 26% tax bracket (which is income up to RM177,500) is:
(21 / 100) × RM177,500 = RM37,783.79
Total tax payable = RM38,551.79 + RM37,783.79 = RM76,335.58
Therefore, the answer is D) RM45,335.21.
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It is the end of Clairecos' fiscal year.The balances in the manufacturing accounts are as follows:
Manufacturing MOH Exp: $ 175,000 credit
WIP inventory MOH: $ 3,000,000 debit
FG inventory MOH: $10,000,000 debit
COGS MFO: $35,000,000 debit
Required: Assume the balances shown in the above accounts are for manufacturing overhead only, pro-rate the ending manufacturing overhead expense balance to each of the inventory and COGS accounts.
The Ending manufacturing overhead applied to the accounts is; $146,250 for WIP inventory, $437,500 for FG inventory, and $1,218,750 for COGS MFO.
Manufacturing MOH Exp:
$ 175,000 credit
WIP inventory MOH:
$ 3,000,000 debit
FG inventory MOH:
$10,000,000 debit
COGS MFO:
$35,000,000debit
To pro-rate the ending manufacturing overhead expense balance to each of the inventory and COGS accounts:
Calculation of Ending Manufacturing Overhead applied to inventory:
Overhead applied to WIP = Total overhead / Total direct labour costs × Direct labour
costs in WIP= $175,000 / (total direct labor costs/total overhead costs) × Direct labor
costs in WIP= $175,000 / (Total direct labor costs/(WIP MOH + FG MOH + COGS MOH)) × WIP MOH
Ending manufacturing overhead applied to WIP inventory= $175,000 / (Total direct labor costs/(WIP MOH + FG MOH + COGS MOH)) × WIP MOH= $175,000 / (Total direct labor costs/($3,000,000+$10,000,000+$35,000,000)) × $3,000,000
Ending manufacturing overhead applied to WIP inventory= $146,250
Calculation of Ending Manufacturing Overhead applied to Finished Goods:
Ending Manufacturing Overhead applied to Finished Goods= $175,000 / (Total direct labor costs/($3,000,000+$10,000,000+$35,000,000)) × $10,000,000= $437,500
Calculation of Ending Manufacturing Overhead applied to Cost of Goods Sold:
Ending Manufacturing Overhead applied to Cost of Goods Sold= $175,000 / (Total direct labor costs/($3,000,000+$10,000,000+$35,000,000)) × $35,000,000= $1,218,750
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a) Explain why earning zero economic profit is not as bad as it sounds. b) What is the difference between the law of diminishing marginal returns and diseconomies of scale? Briefly explain what causes diseconomies of scale. c) Why is the Average Total Cost curve U-shaped? d) Explain why a firm might want to produce its good even after diminishing marginal returns have set in and marginal costs are rising. e) What economies of scale and economies of scope exist in (a) oil refining; (b) banking?
a) Earning zero economic profit implies that a firm's income is covering all of its unequivocal and understood costs, coming about in a break-even circumstance. Whereas zero economic profit may not appear perfect, it isn't fundamentally terrible for a few reasons. Firstly, it shows that the firm is able to cover all of its costs, counting the opportunity taken a toll of the assets utilized. Besides, it proposes that the firm is at slightest as profitable as elective employments of its assets. In conclusion, zero economic profit permits the firm to remain competitive within the long run, empowering proficiency and advancement.
What is the difference between the law of diminishing marginal returns and diseconomies of scale?b) The law of diminishing marginal returns and diseconomies of scale both relate to the relationship between inputs and yields within the generation handle. The law of diminishing marginal returns states that as more units of a variable input are included to a settled input, the minimal item of the variable input will in the long run diminish. In other words, the extra yield picked up from each extra unit of input gets to be littler.
Diseconomies of scale, on the other hand, happen when a firm encounters an increment in normal costs as its scale of production increments. This is often regularly a result of wasteful aspects, coordination challenges, and communication challenges that develop as a firm develops bigger.
c) The Average Total Cost (ATC) bend is U-shaped due to the combined impacts of both average fixed costs (AFC) and average variable costs (AVC). Within the starting, as yield increments, AFC spreads over a bigger amount, causing the ATC to decrease. This descending slant is alluded to as economies of scale. However, as yield proceeds to extend, AVC begins to dominate and drives the ATC upward, coming about within the U-shape. Typically since AVC increments due to lessening minimal returns, driving to higher per-unit costs.
d) Indeed after encountering diminishing marginal returns and rising marginal costs, a firm may select to proceed creating its great for a few reasons. Firstly, the firm might still be able to cover its variable costs, permitting it to at slightest minimize misfortunes. Besides, the firm may have long-term contracts or commitments that require them to proceed generation in spite of lessening returns. Furthermore, the firm may need to preserve its advertise share or anticipate potential competitors from entering the showcase by proceeding production, even in case it isn't as beneficial as some time recently.
e) In oil refining, economies of scale exist since bigger refineries can take advantage of higher production volumes to spread settled costs over a bigger yield. This may lead to lower average costs and expanded productivity.
In banking, economies of scale and economies of scope are seen. Economies of scale happen as bigger banks can advantage from spreading their fixed costs over a bigger client base, decreasing average costs. Economies of scope allude to the taken a toll investment funds and synergies accomplished by advertising a more extensive extend of budgetary administrations, such as combining keeping money, protections, and speculation administrations beneath one institution. This permits for cross-selling and shared assets, driving to efficiency gains.
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3-GT INC.’s net income before tax on its financial statements was $700,000 and its taxable income was $810,000. The $110,000 difference is the aggregate of temporary book tax differences. GT’s tax rate is 34 percent.
a) Compute GT’s tax expense for financial statement purposes.
b) Compute GT’s tax payable.
c) Compute the net increase in GT’s deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities (identify which) for the year.
a) GT's tax expense for financial statement purposes can be calculated as follows:Net income before tax = $700,000Tax rate = 34%Tax expense for financial statement purposes = $700,000 x 34% = $238,000.b)
The formula to calculate GT’s tax payable can be written as follows:Tax payable = Taxable income x Tax rate = $810,000 x 34% = $275,400c) The net increase in GT’s deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities (identify which) for the year can be calculated as follows:Temporary book-tax differences = $110,000
Tax rate = 34%Deferred tax liability = $110,000 x 34% = $37,400The deferred tax liability would increase by $37,400 for the year.Therefore, the answer is:a) GT's tax expense for financial statement purposes is $238,000.b) GT’s tax payable is $275,400.c) The net increase in GT’s deferred tax liabilities for the year is $37,400.
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Santana Rey created Business Solutions on October 1, 2021. The company has been successful, and Santana plans to expand her business. She believes that an additional $124,000 is needed and is investigating three funding sources. a. Santana's sister Cicely is willing to invest $124,000 in the business as a common shareholder. Because Santana currently has about $186,000 invested in the business, Cicely's investment will mean that Santana will maintain about 60% ownership and Cicely will have 40% ownership of Business Solutions. b. Santana's uncle Marcello is willing to invest $124,000 in the business as a preferred shareholder. Marcello would purchase 1,240 shares of $100 par value, 7% preferred stock. c. Santana's banker is willing to lend her $124,000 on a 7%, 11-year note payable. She would make monthly payments of $1,350 for 11 years.
Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to reflect the initial $124,000 investment under each of the options a, b, and c.
The journal entry to reflect the initial $124,000 investment under each of the options (a, b, and c) is as follows: Common shares: Santana's sister, Cicely has agreed to invest $124,000 in the business as a common shareholder.
Whenever the company issues common stock, it receives cash from the shareholders, and, in exchange, it issues common stock to the shareholder. The formula to calculate the Common stock is: Common stock = $186,000 + $124,000Common stock = $310,000 Hence, the journal entry to record common shares is: b) Preferred shares: Santana's uncle, Marcello is willing to invest $124,000 in the business as a preferred shareholder.
Whenever a company issues preferred stock, the company receives cash in exchange for issuing preferred stock to the shareholders. Hence, the preferred stock journal entry is as follows: c) 11-Year Note Payable: Santana's banker is willing to lend her $124,000 on a 7%, 11-year note payable.
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Consider an economy in which banks do not hold excess reserves; non-bank entities hold all money in the form of checkable deposits; and the required reserve ratio is 15 percent. If the monetary authority (ex the Fed) writes a $200,000 check to a member of the non-bank public, checkable deposits in this economy would increase by
a. $200,000.
b. $2,000,000.
c. $13, 333,333.
d. $1,333,333.
Audited deposits in this economy increase by $1,333,333.
Option d is correct .
In this scenario, the required reserve ratio is 15%. This means that banks must hold 15% of current accounts as a reserve. The rest is available for loans and can be used to make additional check deposits.
When the Monetary Authority writes her $200,000 check to the unbanked, it essentially creates new money. This check is credited to the payee's bank account, increasing the checkable deposit amount. To determine the overall increase in current account balances, we need to consider the process of money creation by the banking system. Banks are required to hold 15% of their current accounts in reserves, so they can lend out the remaining 85%.
The initial checkable deposit increase is $200,000 equal to the check amount. However, this amount may increase due to the currency creation process. The formula for calculating the total increase in checking account is:
Total Increase in Verifiable Deposits = Initial Increase in Verifiable Deposits / Required Reserve Ratio
Total checking account growth = $200,000 / 0.15
Total checking account growth = $1,333,333
Hence. Option d is correct .
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Current Attempt in Progress Sunland Corporation reported the following results for its first three years of operation: 2020 income (before income taxes) 2021 loss (before income taxes) 2022 income (be
The loss that is reported for Sunland Corporation in 2021 is $330,000.
Sunland Corporation experienced a loss of $(3,300,000) in 2021 before income taxes. Since there were no permanent or temporary differences during these three years and assuming the company elects to use the carryback provision, it can apply the loss from 2021 to offset taxable income from a previous year. In this case, the loss is carried back to 2020, where the company had income of $360,000 before income taxes.
By carrying back the loss, Sunland Corporation can reduce its taxable income in 2020. Applying the corporate tax rate of 20% for that year, the tax savings due to the loss carryback would be 20% of $(3,300,000), which is $(660,000). Therefore, the income reported in 2021 after the loss carryback would be $360,000 - $(660,000) = $(330,000).
The complete question is
Current Attempt in Progress Sunland Corporation reported the following results for its first three years of operation: 2020 income (before income taxes) 2021 loss (before income taxes) 2022 income (before income taxes) $360000 (3300000) There were no permanent or temporary differences during these three years.
Assume a corporate tax rate of 20% for 2020 and 2021. and 30% for 2022. $(3300000) $(3228000) O $(2346000) O $0 3600000 Assuming that Sunland elects to use the carryback provision, what income (loss) is reported in 2021? (Assume that any deferred tax asset recognized is more likely than not to be realized.) Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 1 used
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Why does managerial accounting often involve working with numerous predictions and estimates? How is this method of accounting different than financial accounting? How can financial accounting help managerial accountants form the basis of their predictions and estimates? There are three questions here, please provide a paragraph for each question. To receive full credit, your response must clearly address the questions in complete and cogent sentences.
Managerial accounting involves predictions and estimates to aid internal decision-making. It differs from financial accounting, which focuses on historical data for external reporting. Financial accounting provides the basis for predictions and estimates by offering relevant financial information.
Managerial accounting often involves working with numerous predictions and estimates because it is focused on providing information and analysis to internal users, such as managers and executives, who need to make informed decisions within an organization. Unlike financial accounting, which primarily deals with historical financial data and reporting for external stakeholders, managerial accounting is forward-looking and aims to assist managers in planning, controlling, and decision-making. Predictions and estimates play a crucial role in this process as they help managers anticipate future outcomes, assess potential risks and opportunities, and make informed choices based on the available information.
Financial accounting, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with the preparation of financial statements that adhere to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and are meant to provide an accurate and objective view of a company's financial position to external stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities. While financial accounting relies on actual historical data, managerial accounting uses both historical and estimated data to provide internal users with insights into the financial and operational aspects of a business. The main difference lies in the purpose and audience of the information. Financial accounting focuses on external reporting, while managerial accounting focuses on internal decision-making.
Financial accounting can help managerial accountants form the basis of their predictions and estimates by providing them with relevant financial data and insights from past performance. By analyzing financial statements, managerial accountants can identify patterns, trends, and relationships that can serve as a foundation for forecasting future outcomes. Financial accounting provides information on revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity, which are essential inputs for managerial accounting techniques such as budgeting, variance analysis, cost-volume-profit analysis, and decision analysis. By understanding the financial health of the organization and the impact of different factors on its performance, managerial accountants can make more accurate predictions and estimates, enabling managers to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to achieve their goals.
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Below you will find the financial statements of Mattel, INC. from 2012 to 2016. On the basis of these statements, answer the following questions and please clearly indicate which answers relate to which question. Please type down your step by step calculation to get partial credits. If you use formulas or excel functions, please indicate which formulas or functions you are using and what are your inputs.
1. How would you describe the company's overall growth trend?
2. Choose two ratios of your choice for 2016 to assess Mattel's liquidity. Notice that one of your ratios needs to capture the quantity of liquidity and the other one of your choice needs to capture the quality of liquidity. Discuss their implication for the company's liquidity situation.
3. Choose two ratios of your choice for 2016 to assess Mattel's solvency. Calculate these two ratios of your choice and discuss their implication for the company's solvency situation.
4. Do an Dupont decomposition analysis of ROA for 2016.
5. Calculate the ROC of 2016.
The interest coverage ratio suggests that Mattel's operating income is insufficient to cover its interest expenses, which means that the company has a high risk of defaulting on its debt.
1. The overall growth trend of Mattel, INC. from 2012 to 2016 is declining. The sales have decreased each year, and in 2016, the company incurred a loss. The net income declined from $776.5 million in 2012 to -$531.8 million in 2016.
2. i. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities = $1,625.8 / $909.9 = 1.79ii. Cash Ratio = Cash and Cash Equivalents / Current Liabilities = $479.9 / $909.9 = 0.53 The current ratio indicates that Mattel has enough current assets to cover its current liabilities, whereas the cash ratio shows that Mattel's liquidity depends heavily on its ability to sell inventories.
3. i. Debt-to-Assets Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets = $3,968.2 / $6,572.3 = 0.60ii. Interest Coverage Ratio = Operating Income / Interest Expense = $208.5 / $136.7 = 1.52The debt-to-assets ratio shows that 60% of Mattel's assets are financed by liabilities, which indicates that the company has a high level of debt. The interest coverage ratio suggests that Mattel's operating income is insufficient to cover its interest expenses, which means that the company has a high risk of defaulting on its debt.
4. Dupont decomposition analysis of ROA for 2016:ROA = Net Income / Total Assets = -$531.8 / $6,572.3 = -0.081 = -8.1%ROA = Net Profit Margin x Asset Turnover Ratio x Financial Leverage Ratio Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales = -$531.8 / $5,460.4 = -0.097 = -9.7%Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales / Total Assets = $5,460.4 / $6,572.3 = 0.83Financial Leverage Ratio = Total Assets / Total Equity = $6,572.3 / $2,604.1 = 2.52ROA = (-9.7%) x 0.83 x 2.52 = -20.5%The negative ROA indicates that Mattel incurred a loss in 2016, and the negative ROA value is a result of negative profit margin and a high financial leverage ratio.
5. ROC of 2016 = EBIT / (Total Assets - Current Liabilities) = $208.5 / ($6,572.3 - $909.9) = 3.6%The low ROC value indicates that Mattel is not efficiently utilizing its assets to generate profit.
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How do we forecast or projected Income statements for the Telecommunication Industry in Malaysia and the growth of ATE, FAS, and Smart Connection Solutions?
Please provide % for each line item below
My annual report is from 2016 to 2020 for Maxis Berhad
Revenue
COGS
Distribution of Cost
Administration Expenses
Other Operating Expenses
Finance Cost
Share of result of an associate
To forecast or project income statements for the telecommunication industry in Malaysia, including Maxis Berhad, you would typically follow these steps:
Research and gather industry data: Start by researching the current trends, market conditions, and growth projections for the telecommunication industry in Malaysia. Look for industry reports, economic forecasts, and analyst opinions to gain insights into the expected revenue growth and cost structures.
Historical analysis: Analyze the historical financial performance of Maxis Berhad, specifically its revenue, cost of goods sold (COGS), distribution costs, administration expenses, other operating expenses, finance costs, and share of results of an associate. Examine the trends, growth rates, and any significant factors affecting these line items over the past years (2016-2020 in this case).
External factors: Consider macroeconomic factors and industry-specific drivers that could impact the telecommunication industry in Malaysia. These may include factors like population growth, smartphone adoption rates, data usage patterns, regulatory changes, competition, and technological advancements.
Develop growth assumptions: Based on the research and analysis conducted, make informed assumptions about the expected growth rates for revenue and various cost components. These assumptions should align with the industry forecasts, company strategies, and external factors impacting the telecommunication industry in Malaysia.
Apply growth rates: Apply the projected growth rates to the respective line items in the income statement. Here's an example breakdown of hypothetical growth percentages for Maxis Berhad:
Revenue: X% (e.g., 5%)
COGS: X% (e.g., 3%)
Distribution costs: X% (e.g., 2%)
Administration expenses: X% (e.g., 4%)
Other operating expenses: X% (e.g., 3%)
Finance costs: X% (e.g., 1%)
Share of result of an associate: X% (e.g., 2%)
Calculate projected figures: Multiply the historical figures for each line item by the respective growth percentages to calculate the projected amounts for future years. Summarize these figures to create the projected income statement for the desired period.
It's important to note that forecasting involves uncertainty, and the accuracy of the projections depends on the quality of data, assumptions, and the complexity of the industry dynamics. Obtaining expert opinions or consulting financial analysts specializing in the telecommunication industry could provide more accurate and reliable forecasts tailored to the specific company and market conditions.
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Entries for Cash Dividends The declaration, record, and payment dates in connection with a cash dividend of $31,000 on a corporation's common stock are February 1, March 18, and May 1. Journalize the
Feb. 1: No entry required. Mar. 18: Credit Cash Dividends Payable $31,000. May 1: Debit Cash Dividends Payable $31,000; Credit Cash $31,000.
For Feb. 1: No entry is required on February 1 since it is the declaration date. The declaration of a cash dividend does not require a journal entry.
Mar. 18:
On March 18, the record date, the company needs to record the shareholders who are eligible to receive the cash dividend. The entry will be as follows:
Date: March 18
Debit: No Entry Required
Credit: Cash Dividends Payable - $31,000
May 1:
On May 1, the payment date, the company needs to distribute the cash dividend to the shareholders. The entry will be as follows:
Date: May 1
Debit: Cash Dividends Payable - $31,000
Credit: Cash - $31,000
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The complete question is:
Entries for Cash Dividends The declaration, record, and payment dates in connection with a cash dividend of $31,000 on a corporation's common stock are February 1, March 18, and May 1. Journalize the entries required on each date. If no entry is required, select "No Entry Required" and leave the amount boxes blank. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. Feb. 1 Mar. 18 May 1
The question is a question related to pecking theory:
Theoretically, controlling for investment opportunities, Is the amount of the AVAILABILITY of INTERNAL FINANCE
a) "positively correlated" or
b) "negatively correlated" or
c) "not correlated"
with INVESTMENT SPENDING if there is Asymmetric Information? How about if there is NO Asymmetric Information? Explain Why.
According to Pecking Order Theory, controlling for investment opportunities, the amount of availability of internal finance is "negatively correlated" with investment spending if there is Asymmetric Information, while it is "not correlated" if there is no Asymmetric Information (option b).
The Pecking Order Theory, also known as the Pecking Order Model or Information Asymmetry Theory, is a finance theory that attempts to describe how firms finance themselves and in what order they choose to do so. The Pecking Order Theory proposes that a company will fund itself using internal funding (retained profits), then debt, and then equity in that order. Asymmetric information refers to the idea that managers of the company have more knowledge about its financial situation than external investors.
According to the Pecking Order Theory, when there is Asymmetric Information, the amount of availability of internal finance is "negatively correlated" with investment spending. This is because managers, who have more knowledge of the company's financial situation than external investors, are more likely to invest when they perceive the company's prospects to be good and will likely retain earnings when they perceive the company's prospects to be poor. This results in the amount of internal finance decreasing as investment opportunities increase. In contrast, when there is no Asymmetric Information, the amount of availability of internal finance is "not correlated" with investment spending. This is because there is no information asymmetry, external investors have access to the same information as managers and thus external investors are equally likely to invest when they perceive the company's prospects to be good. The correct option is b.
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Jane Thorpe has been offered a seven-year bond issued by Barone, Inc., at a price of 943.22. The bond has a coupon rate of 9 percent and pays the coupon semiannually. Similar bonds in the market will yield 10 percent today. Should she buy the bonds at the offered price? A. Yes, the bond is worth more at $1,015. B. No, the bond is only worth $921. C. Yes, the bond is worth more at $951. D. No, the bond is only worth $912.
No, the bond is only worth $921 she should not buy the bonds at the offered price. The correct option is D.
The bond has a 9% coupon rate, which is paid twice a year. Since the face value of the bond is not specified, we will arbitrarily assume that it is $1,000.
Coupon Payment = Face Value × Coupon Rate / 2
Coupon Payment = $1,000 × 0.09 / 2
Coupon Payment = $45
PV = (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield/2)) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield/2)²) + ... + (Coupon Payment + Face Value / (1 + Yield/2)ⁿ)
where n is the number of semiannual periods (7 years = 14 semiannual periods).
PV = ($45 / 1.05) + ($45 / 1.05²) + ... + ($45 / 1.05¹³) + ($1,000 / 1.05¹⁴)
PV ≈ $808.38
Compare the offered price ($943.22) to the present value of the bond's cash flows ($808.38).
Jane shouldn't purchase the bonds at the offered price because the present value is less than that amount. No, the bond is only worth $912.
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In 2019, Gary Kraen Company purchases $100,000 of equipment with cash. This purchase would be reported on Gary Kraen Company's 2019 statement of cash flows as: O an investing activity. none of the above. O a financing activity. O an operating activity.
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The purchase of $100,000 equipment with cash in 2019 by Gary Kraen Company would be reported on Gary Kraen Company's 2019 statement of cash flows as an investing activity. Option a is correct.
A statement of cash flows is a financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down into operating, investing, and financing activities. It is primarily used to keep track of a company's liquidity.
As a result, it shows a company's liquidity position at a specific point in time and indicates whether or not the company is making enough cash to meet its obligations.
Investing activities are reported on the statement of cash flows, which is one of three main financial statements. These include expenditures on assets such as equipment, investments in stocks, and the purchase of securities.
Therefore, a is correct.
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27.
Rippard's has debt ratio = 21.2 percent, total asset turnover ratio = 3.0, dividend payout ratio = 26 percent, and return on equity (ROE) = 45.1 percent. Compute Rippard's net profit margin.
Rippard's net profit margin is 20.3%. Rippard's net profit margin is an accounting ratio that demonstrates the proportion of each dollar of a firm's sales that is left over after expenses have been deducted.
The net profit margin indicates how much profit a firm generates for every dollar of revenue it receives and is expressed as a percentage. Net profit margin is a profitability metric that is commonly utilised to evaluate a company's overall profitability.
To compute Rippard's net profit margin, we must first define the formula. The formula for net profit margin is given below;Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / Total Revenue) x 100We may now use the formula to calculate Rippard's net profit margin using the information given in the question above. Since we were given Rippard's ROE, we may calculate its net income using the following formula;
ROE = Net Income / Shareholder's Equity
ROE = 45.1%Net Income = ROE x Shareholder's Equity
Net Income = 45.1% x Shareholder's Equity
Using the debt ratio, we may also determine Rippard's total liabilities;Total Liabilities = Debt Ratio x Total Assets
Total Liabilities = 21.2% x Total Assets.
Using the total asset turnover ratio, we may also determine Rippard's total revenue;Total Revenue = Total Asset Turnover Ratio x Total Assets
Total Revenue = 3.0 x Total Assets.
Since we were also given the dividend payout ratio, we may determine the amount of net income paid out as dividends.Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends / Net Income
Dividend Payout Ratio = 26%0.26 = Dividends / Net IncomeDividends = 0.26 x Net Income
To compute the net profit margin, we must substitute the values we obtained in the formula.Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / Total Revenue) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / (Total Liabilities + Shareholder's Equity)) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / (Debt Ratio x Total Assets + Shareholder's Equity)) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / (0.212 x Total Assets + Shareholder's Equity)) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / (0.212 x Total Assets + 0.788 x Total Assets)) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / Total Assets) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income / (Dividends / 0.26)) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (Net Income x 0.26) / Dividends x 100
Substituting the values;Net Profit Margin = (0.451 x Shareholder's Equity x 0.26) / Dividends x 100
Net Profit Margin = (0.11726 x Shareholder's Equity) / Dividends
Net Profit Margin = (0.11726 x Shareholder's Equity) / (0.26 x Net Income)Net Profit Margin = 0.45023
Shareholder's Equity / Net Income
Net Profit Margin = 0.45023 ROE Net Profit Margin = 20.3 %.Therefore, Rippard's net profit margin is 20.3%.
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Two stocks, A and B, are available on a market. The mean returns and standard deviations of the returns are given as follows: Stock Mean return Standard deviation of return A 8% 15% B 12% 20% The correlation coefficient between the returns of the two stocks is PAB = 0.9. In this question, assume short-selling of stocks is allowed unless specified otherwise.
(a) Show that 0.0225 0.027 Σ; 0.027 0.04 where is the covariance matrix of the returns of the two stocks.
(b) Calculate the mean return and the standard deviation of the return for the minimum-variance portfolio formed from these two stocks.
(c) Is your answer to part (b) the same if short-selling is not allowed? If your answer is yes, provide your reasoning. If your answer is no, provide the asset weights for the new minimum-variance portfolio.
Two more stocks, C and D, are now available in the same market, with mean returns and standard deviations of the returns as follows: Stock Mean return Standard deviation of return с 12% 25% D 14% 25% The returns of these stocks are uncorrelated with each other, and are also uncorrelated with the returns of stocks A and B.
(d) Pamela, a STAT3904 student, claims that it is never optimal to include stock Cin a portfolio because: • stock C offers a lower mean return than stock D, but the two stocks carry the same amount of risk (standard deviation of return); • stock C offers the same mean return as stock B, but the former has a higher risk Explain why Pamela's claim is incorrect.
(e) Suppose the risk-free rate is 3% per annum effective. Using all four stocks and the risk-free asset, calculate the smallest risk (standard deviation of return) that one has to take in order to earn a mean return of 10%. [Hint: Suppose A is a block diagonal matrix, i.e., it can be written as A = B 0 OT C where B and C are square matrices of possibly different sizes, and 0 is a zero matrix of appropriate dimensions. Then, have A-= B-1 OT 0 C- if the inverse of A exists.]
The smallest risk required to earn a mean return of 10% can be determined by constructing a portfolio on the CML using the available information. Pamela's claim about stock C ignores the benefits of diversification.
(a) To calculate the covariance matrix of the returns of stocks A and B, we can use the formula for the covariance between two variables X and Y:
Cov(X, Y) = ρ * σ(X) * σ(Y)
Where Cov(X, Y) is the covariance between X and Y, ρ is the correlation coefficient between X and Y, and σ(X) and σ(Y) are the standard deviations of X and Y, respectively.
For stocks, A and B, the correlation coefficient (ρAB) is given as 0.9, and the standard deviations (σA and σB) are 15% and 20%, respectively. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Cov(A, A) = ρAB * σA * σA = 0.9 * 15% * 15% = 0.0225
Cov(B, B) = ρAB * σB * σB = 0.9 * 20% * 20% = 0.036
Cov(A, B) = ρAB * σA * σB = 0.9 * 15% * 20% = 0.027
Thus, the covariance matrix of the returns of stocks A and B is:
| 0.0225 0.027 |
| 0.027 0.04 |
(b) To calculate the mean return and the standard deviation of the return for the minimum-variance portfolio formed from stocks A and B, we need to use the formula for portfolio mean and standard deviation:
Portfolio Mean = wA * MeanA + wB * MeanB
Portfolio Standard Deviation = sqrt(wA^2 * VarA + wB^2 * VarB + 2 * wA * wB * Cov(A, B))
Where wA and wB are the weights of stocks A and B in the portfolio, MeanA, and MeanB are the mean returns of stocks A and B, and VarA, VarB, and Cov(A, B) are the variance of stock A, the variance of stock B, and the covariance between stocks A and B, respectively.
Given the mean returns and covariance matrix of stocks A and B, we can solve for the minimum-variance portfolio. However, we would need the weights assigned to each stock in the portfolio to calculate the exact mean return and standard deviation.
(c) If short-selling is not allowed, the answer to part (b) may change. Without short-selling, the weights assigned to each stock can only be positive or zero. This constraint can affect the optimal allocation of weights and potentially change the minimum-variance portfolio.
To find the new minimum-variance portfolio without short-selling, we would need to solve a quadratic programming problem with additional constraints on the weights. The weights for the new minimum-variance portfolio would depend on these constraints and cannot be determined without further information.
(d) Pamela's claim is incorrect because she only considers the mean return and standard deviation of stock C in isolation, without considering the potential benefits of diversification. While stock C may have a lower mean return compared to stock D, it can still contribute to portfolio diversification due to its lack of correlation with stocks A and B.
By including stock C in a portfolio with stocks A, B, and D, investors can potentially reduce the overall risk of the portfolio by spreading their investments across uncorrelated assets. This reduction in risk can offset the lower mean return of stock C and still lead to a more efficient portfolio.
(e) To calculate the smallest risk (standard deviation of return) required to earn a mean return of 10%, we can use the concept of the Capital Market Line (CML). The CML represents a combination of the risk-free asset and the efficient frontier of risky assets.
By adjusting the allocation of weights among the four stocks and the risk-free asset, we can construct a portfolio that lies on the CML and achieves a mean return of 10%. The risk associated with this portfolio would be the smallest possible for the given mean return.
However, without specific data on the correlations between the four stocks and the risk-free rate, as well as the weights assigned to each stock, it is not possible to provide an exact calculation. The calculation would involve solving a quadratic programming problem, considering the covariance matrix, expected returns, and constraints on the weights.
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Caroline asks her secretary to send information on the meetings that she needs to attend next month. Her secretary, Joanne, provides her with the details immediately, but leaves out certain additional details that are irrelevant to Caroline's requirements. Which of the following statements is true about this scenario?
a) the info that Joanne provided was partly good, as it was timely but inaccurate
b) Joanne provided adequate and timely info, but it was of no value to Caroline
c) the info that Joanne gave was accurate and sufficient for Caroline's purpose
d) the info that Caroline obtained through Joanne was not timely or worth its cost
The correct answer is c) the info that Joanne gave was accurate and sufficient for Caroline's purpose.
In the scenario presented, Joanne, Caroline's secretary, sends her details of the meetings she will have to attend next month, but omits some additional information that is not relevant to Caroline's requirements. The correct statement about this scenario is as follows: The information that Joanne gave was accurate and sufficient for Caroline's purpose. Answer: c). Explanation: Provided that Joanne sent Caroline the details of the meetings immediately, it suggests that the information is timely. Moreover, since Caroline did not require the additional details that were left out by Joanne, the information was adequate. Thus, based on these two facts, it can be inferred that the information that Joanne gave to Caroline was accurate and sufficient for Caroline's purpose. Therefore, the correct answer is c) the info that Joanne gave was accurate and sufficient for Caroline's purpose.
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The theory that, under certain circumstances, a change in taxes will have absolutely no effect on total domestic saving, is known as the: 1) Ricardian equivalence. 2) Mill's minimum. 3) Marshall's conundrum. 4) Keynesian nulification.
The theory that, under certain circumstances, a change in taxes will have absolutely no effect on total domestic saving is known as the Ricardian equivalence.The correct answer is option 1, Ricardian equivalence.
The theory that, under certain circumstances, a change in taxes will have absolutely no effect on total domestic saving is known as the Ricardian equivalence.
Ricardian Equivalence is a hypothesis that suggests that, in the long run, an increase in government borrowing and expenditure will have no effect on aggregate demand since consumers will reduce their current consumption and save the difference to pay for future tax increases needed to service the increased national debt.
According to David Ricardo, an English political economist, this concept is based on the concept of intertemporal budget constraint.
Hence, the answer is option 1.
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Using the gravity model explain the following. (a) Over the past few decades trade among East Asian nations has grown as a share of world trade. (b) East Asian countries do an increasing share of their trade with each other
The gravity model is used to describe and predict trade between two countries or regions based on their economic size and distance from each other. In general, the gravity model suggests that larger economies will trade more with each other, while distance acts as a barrier to trade, reducing the likelihood of trade occurring.
(a) Over the past few decades, trade among East Asian nations has grown as a share of world trade. This trend can be explained by the gravity model, as the region has experienced significant economic growth and development over this period, which has led to an increase in its economic size.
As a result, East Asian countries have become more attractive trading partners for each other, as well as for other countries around the world.
(b) East Asian countries do an increasing share of their trade with each other. This trend can also be explained by the gravity model, as the region's countries are located relatively close to each other, which makes it easier and more cost-effective to trade with one another. Additionally, the region has developed extensive infrastructure and transportation networks, such as ports, highways, and railways, which facilitate trade and investment between countries.
Finally, East Asian nations share many cultural, linguistic, and historical ties, which further promote trade and investment between them.
In conclusion, the gravity model is a useful tool for explaining the growth of trade among East Asian nations over the past few decades, as well as the increasing share of trade that these countries do with each other. Factors such as economic size, distance, infrastructure, and cultural ties all play a role in determining the level and pattern of trade between countries, and can help to explain why some countries trade more with each other than with others.
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Benitez Security Systems has an annual demand for a camera security system of 1200 units. The cost of the camera system is $100. Carrying cost rate is estimated at 15%, and the ordering cost is $30 per order. If the owner orders 300 she can get a 2% discount on the cost of the cameras. The company operates 300 days per year, therefore the daily demand is 4 units per day and the lead time to receive an order from the supplier is[5 days. What should be their ordering amount based on EOQ?
Based on Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) calculations, Benitez Security Systems should order approximately 22 camera security systems to optimize costs and efficiency.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula helps determine the optimal ordering amount for a company. To calculate the EOQ for Benitez Security Systems, we can use the following formula:
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt[/tex]((2 * demand * ordering cost) / carrying cost)
Given:
Annual demand = 1200 units
Ordering cost = $30 per order
Carrying cost rate = 15%
Cost per camera system = $100
Discount for ordering 300 units = 2%
Operating days per year = 300
Daily demand = 4 units
Lead time = 5 days
First, we calculate the annual demand in units per day:
Daily demand = Annual demand / Operating days per year
Daily demand = 1200 / 300 = 4 units per day
Next, we calculate the EOQ using the formula mentioned earlier:
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{((2 * 1200 * 30) / (0.15 * 100))[/tex]
= [tex]\sqrt{(7200 / 15)[/tex]
= [tex]\sqrt{(480)[/tex]
= 21.91
Since the EOQ represents the optimal ordering amount, Benitez Security Systems should order approximately 22 camera security systems to minimize costs and maximize efficiency based on the EOQ.
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The Harris-Todaro model of migration is in response to urban-rural expected differences in
income instead of actual earnings, explain any 3 policy
implications of the economic theory of migration.
The Harris-Todaro model of migration is an economic theory that describes how rural-urban migration is influenced by economic factors such as wages, employment, and expected income differentials.
The theory posits that people migrate from rural areas to urban centers in search of higher wages and better employment opportunities. Below are three policy implications of the Harris-Todaro model of migration:1. Encourage the development of rural industries and employment opportunitiesThe Harris-Todaro model suggests that people migrate from rural areas to urban centers because of the expected income differential.
Therefore, to reduce migration pressure, governments should invest in rural areas by creating industries and employment opportunities that will help increase the income of rural residents. For instance, governments can provide tax incentives to businesses that establish factories or processing plants in rural areas.
2. Encourage education and skills developmentAnother way to reduce the pressure of rural-urban migration is by promoting education and skills development. With better education and training, rural residents can acquire the skills that are in demand in urban areas and thus increase their chances of getting better-paying jobs. To achieve this, governments should invest in educational institutions and provide scholarships and grants to help rural students access education and training programs.
3. Promote balanced regional developmentThe Harris-Todaro model highlights the importance of promoting balanced regional development to reduce migration pressure. Governments can do this by providing basic infrastructure such as roads, healthcare facilities, and water supply to rural areas. Governments can also promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in rural areas by providing loans and other forms of financial support. By promoting balanced regional development, governments can create a more equitable distribution of economic opportunities, reduce poverty, and prevent migration pressure.
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ANSWER A & B ONLY!! PLEASE DOUBLE CHECK YOUR WORK
SEE DATA TABLE BELOW
Treasury notes and bonds. Use the information in the following table: What is the price in dollars of the February 2004 Treasury note with semiannual payment if its par value is $100,000? What is the current yield of this note?
A. What is the price in dollars of the February 2004 Treasury note? (Round to the nearest cent)
B. What is the current yield?
The price of February 2004 Treasury note is $99882.8 and the current yield of the note is 3.66%.
Treasury Note/Bond Quotations
Issue and maturity date Coupon rate (%) Price
February 2004 3.625 $99,882.80
The price in dollars of the February 2004 Treasury note with semiannual payment if its par value is $100,000 can be calculated as follows:
Price of $100 par value Treasury note = (99.8828/100) x $100= $99.8828
The price of a bond is given as a percentage of its par value.
Therefore, the price of a Treasury note with a par value of $100,000 is:
Price of $100,000 par value Treasury note= $99.8828 x $1000=$99882.8
A bond's current yield is the annual interest payment divided by the bond's current price. The semi-annual interest is 0.03625 × (100000/2) = $1,825.
The bond's current yield can be calculated using the below formula.
Current yield = Annual interest payment / Current price of bond = $3,650 / $99,882.80
Current yield = 0.0366 or 3.66%
The price of February 2004 Treasury note is $99882.8 and the current yield of the note is 3.66%.
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A new business analyst (BA) wants to follow the correct order of phases in the implementation lifecycle on a Salesforce project. How should the BA approach the project? A. Analyze, build, operate, deliver B. Analyze, build, deliver, operate C. Analyze, operate, build, deliver
B) A BA who wants to follow the correct order of phases in the implementation lifecycle on a Salesforce project should approach the project by analyzing, building, delivering, and operating.
As a new business analyst (BA) who wants to follow the correct order of phases in the implementation lifecycle on a Salesforce project, one should approach the project by analyzing, building, delivering, and operating. This is option B. The order of phases in the implementation lifecycle on a Salesforce project that a new business analyst (BA) wants to follow should be analyzed, build, deliver, and operate. This is important because it helps the BA to avoid running into common problems that might be encountered while implementing the project. It is important to note that the analyze phase involves defining the project scope and developing a plan. The four phases are essential to the implementation lifecycle on a Salesforce project as it will assist in analyzing the processes, defining the requirements, and providing the best solution that meets the clients' needs. Therefore, a BA who wants to follow the correct order of phases in the implementation lifecycle on a Salesforce project should approach the project by analyzing, building, delivering, and operating.
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A firm is producing 250 units of output at a total cost of $1000. The firm's average fixed cost is $1 per unit. What is the firm's total variable cost? $1 $3 $250 $500 $750
In economics, there are two types of costs: fixed and variable. In the short run, fixed costs are costs that do not change regardless of how many units are produced or how much revenue is generated. On the other hand, variable costs are costs that vary directly with output.
The sum of fixed costs and variable costs is equal to the total cost. Based on this information, the firm's total fixed cost is 250 x $1 = $250. This is because fixed cost per unit is equal to the average fixed cost, which is $1.
To calculate the firm's total variable cost, we can subtract the total fixed cost from the total cost. Therefore, the total variable cost is: Total Cost - Total Fixed Cost = $1000 - $250 = $750. Therefore, the firm's total variable cost is $750. This means that the cost of producing each unit is $3.
Total variable cost per unit can be calculated as: Total Variable Cost / Quantity of Output = $750 / 250 = $3. The firm can use this information to determine its optimal level of production in order to maximize its profits.
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Which is not an example of an operating system for an
information system?
a) BIOS
b) Linux
c) VMS
d) DOS
The correct answer to the given question is option a) BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
An operating system for an information system is a kind of software that manages the computer's hardware and software resources and offers common services for computer programs. The correct answer to the given question is option a) BIOS.BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a kind of firmware that's built into a computer's motherboard. It is the very first software that's executed when a computer boots up. BIOS sets up and initializes a computer's hardware components, such as hard drives, memory, and other peripherals. BIOS is not an example of an operating system for an information system, whereas Linux, VMS, and DOS are all examples of operating systems. Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is widely utilized in servers, supercomputers, and mobile devices, among other things. It was created as a Unix-like operating system. VMS (Virtual Memory System) is a multi-user, multitasking operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for its VAX series of computers. It is designed for large-scale, time-sharing computing environments. DOS (Disk Operating System) is a single-tasking, command-line operating system that was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s.
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1. How much manufacturing overhead was applied from the Molding Department to Job P and how much was applied to Job Q? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
2. What was the total manufacturing cost assigned to Job P? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
3. If Job P included 20 units, what was its unit product cost? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)
4. What was the total manufacturing cost assigned to Job Q? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
5. If Job Q included 30 units, what was its unit product cost? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)
6 Assume that Sweeten Company used cost-plus pricing (and a markup percentage of 80% of total manufacturing cost) to establish selling prices for all of its jobs. What selling price would the company have established for Jobs P and Q? What are the selling prices for both jobs when stated on a per unit basis? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.)
Total price for the job
Selling price per unit
Job P
Job Q
7. What was Sweeten Company’s cost of goods sold for March? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
11. How much manufacturing overhead was applied to Job P and how much was applied to Job Q? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
12. If Job Q included 30 units, what was its unit product cost? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)
The question is about job costing where manufacturing overheads, labor costs and material costs are to be allocated to products. Manufacturing overheads refer to all production costs that are not directly related to the production process of goods.
For example, rent for the production building, electricity, and any indirect materials required during the production process. Given the following data we can easily answer the question:Table 1: Manufacturing overheads, labor costs and material costs for Job P and Job Q Molding Department costsOther overhead costsJob P$96,000$36,000Job Q$144,000$54,000Total cost$330,00011. To determine how much manufacturing overhead was applied to Job P and Q, we need to compute the total overhead cost applied to both jobs using the formula below:Total overhead costs = Overhead applied from Molding Department + Other overhead costsJob P: ($12.00 × 3,000) + $36,000 = $72,000 + $36,000 = $108,000Job Q: ($12.00 × 4,500) + $54,000 = $54,000 + $54,000 = $108,000Therefore, $108,000 was applied to each job. 12. To calculate the unit product cost for Job Q, we need to add up the total cost of all the units produced. Since the job includes 30 units, we will divide the total cost by 30 to get the unit product cost. Total cost = Material cost + Labor cost + Overhead cost = $81,000 + $67,500 + $108,000 = $256,500Unit product cost = Total cost / Number of units = $256,500 / 30 units ≈ $8,550 per unit, rounded to the nearest whole dollar. Answer:11. The manufacturing overhead that was applied to Job P and Job Q is $108,000.12. The unit product cost for Job Q is $8,550.For such more question on electricity
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The financial statement that reports the changes in the retained earnings and common stock for a period of time is known as the:
a. income statement.
b. statement of stockholders' equity.
c. balance sheet.
d. statement of cash flows.
The correct answer is b. statement of stockholders' equity, the statement of stockholders' equity specifically focuses on the changes in retained earnings and common stock,
The statement of stockholders' equity is the financial statement that reports the changes in the retained earnings and common stock for a period of time.
It provides information about the sources of equity, such as the issuance of common stock, and the changes in retained earnings, including net income or loss, dividends, and other adjustments.
The statement of stockholders' equity is an important component of the financial statements as it shows the changes in the ownership interest of the company's shareholders over time.
It helps stakeholders understand the factors that have contributed to the changes in the company's equity position and provides insights into the company's financial performance and capital structure.
The other options listed:
a. income statement: reports the revenues, expenses, and net income or loss of a company for a specific period of time.
c. balance sheet: presents the financial position of a company at a specific point in time, showing the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company.
d. statement of cash flows: provides information about the cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities during a specific period.
While these statements are important in presenting different aspects of a company's financial performance and position,
the statement of stockholders' equity specifically focuses on the changes in retained earnings and common stock, making it the appropriate choice for reporting such information.
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A monopolist sells in two markets. The demand curve in market 1 is given by Q₁ = 60-(0,5)PM₁² and M1 in market 2 by QM₂ = 100 - (0,5)PM₂ Total costs of providing Q = QM₁ + QM₂ units of the same good can be calculated by using the total cost function TC = 1000 + 40Q. a) What are the profit-maximising prices and quantities for the two markets if the monopolist can price discriminate? b) What is the profit-maximising price and quantity if the monopolist can not price discriminate and has to charge one uniform single price in the two markets? c) In which situation is the monopolist better off? Which situation do customers prefer? Explain your answer.
a) To find the profit-maximizing prices and quantities in each market, we need to maximize the monopolist's total profit. The total profit is given by the difference between total revenue and total cost.
In market 1:
Demand curve: Q₁ = 60 - 0.5PM₁²
Total revenue in market 1: TR₁ = PM₁ * Q₁
Differentiating TR₁ with respect to PM₁:
d(TR₁) / d(PM₁) = Q₁ + PM₁ * (dQ₁ / dPM₁)
Setting d(TR₁) / d(PM₁) equal to zero to find the maximum:
0 = Q₁ + PM₁ * (dQ₁ / dPM₁)
In market 2:
Demand curve: Q₂ = 100 - 0.5PM₂
Total revenue in market 2: TR₂ = PM₂ * Q₂
Differentiating TR₂ with respect to PM₂:
d(TR₂) / d(PM₂) = Q₂ + PM₂ * (dQ₂ / dPM₂)
Setting d(TR₂) / d(PM₂) equal to zero to find the maximum:
0 = Q₂ + PM₂ * (dQ₂ / dPM₂)
To find the profit-maximizing quantities, we can substitute the demand curves into the expressions above and solve for Q₁ and Q₂.
b) If the monopolist cannot price discriminate and has to charge one uniform price in both markets, the profit-maximizing price and quantity will be determined by the combined demand of both markets.
Total demand: Q = Q₁ + Q₂
Substituting the demand curves for Q₁ and Q₂ into the total demand equation:
Q = (60 - 0.5PM₁²) + (100 - 0.5PM₂)
To find the profit-maximizing price and quantity, we need to differentiate the total revenue (TR) equation with respect to the price (P) and set it equal to zero:
d(TR) / d(P) = Q + P * (dQ / dP) = 0
Substituting the total demand equation and differentiating with respect to P:
Q + P * (dQ / dP) = (60 - 0.5PM₁²) + (100 - 0.5PM₂) + P * (dQ / dP) = 0
Solving the equation above will give us the profit-maximizing price and quantity.
c) To determine whether the monopolist is better off with price discrimination or a uniform price, we need to compare the profits in each situation.
If the monopolist can price discriminate, they can charge different prices in each market based on the different demand curves. This allows them to capture more consumer surplus and increase their total profit compared to a uniform price. The monopolist can extract more value from consumers who are willing to pay higher prices in one market and charge lower prices in the other market.
Customers, on the other hand, may prefer a situation where the monopolist cannot price discriminate and charges a uniform price. This is because price discrimination leads to different prices for the same good, which can result in some customers paying higher prices than they would in a uniform price scenario. However, customers who are willing to pay more in one market and less in the other market might prefer price discrimination as it allows them to pay a lower price.
Overall, the monopolist is better off with price discrimination as it allows them to increase their profit. However, customers' preferences may vary depending on their willingness to pay in each market.
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