Individual credit-scoring models typically include all of the following information except: ethnic background.
Individual credit-scoring models regularly consider different variables to survey financial soundness and anticipate the probability of reimbursement. These components offer assistance decide an individual's credit score. Whereas components such as salary, length of time at home, credit history, and age are commonly considered in credit-scoring models, the ethnic background is not included. Ethnic background or race is not an important or reasonable calculation to be utilized in credit-scoring models because it would be biased and against reasonable loaning hones.
The avoidance of ethnic backgrounds from credit-scoring models is based on legitimate and moral standards. Different laws and regulations, such as the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) in the United States, prohibit discrimination based on race or ethnicity. Moneylenders are required to assess financial soundness exclusively based on pertinent and objective criteria that are directly related to an individual's budgetary responsibility.
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If the spending multiplier is 10, a $100 increase in government spending and $100 increase in taxes, what is true?
If the spending multiplier is 10, a $100 increase in government spending would increase the aggregate demand by $1000 is true.
The spending multiplier is a factor by which an initial change in government spending or investment changes the overall aggregate demand and corresponding economic output of a country. In this case, if the spending multiplier is 10, a $100 increase in government spending would increase the aggregate demand by $1000.
Likewise, a $100 increase in taxes would decrease aggregate demand by $1000, assuming a spending multiplier of 10.Therefore, if the spending multiplier is 10, a $100 increase in government spending and a $100 increase in taxes would offset each other in terms of their impact on aggregate demand.
The increase in government spending would increase aggregate demand by $1000, while the increase in taxes would decrease aggregate demand by $1000. As a result, the net effect on aggregate demand would be zero.
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Cheetah Copy purchased a new copy machine. The new machine cost $130,000 including installation. The company estimates the equipment will have a residual value of $32,500. Cheetah Copy also estimates it will use the machine for four years or about 8,000 total hours. Actual use per year was as follows: Year Hours Used 1 2,000 2 2,000 3 2,000 4 3,200 1. Prepare a depreciation schedule for four years using the straight-line method. 2. Prepare a depreciation schedule for four years using the double-declining-balance method. . Prepare a depreciation schedule for four years using the activity-based method.
The depreciation schedules for a new copy machine purchased by Cheetah Copy were prepared using three different methods: straight-line, double-declining-balance, and activity-based.
Depreciation Schedule using the Straight-Line Method:
Year | Hours Used | Depreciation Expense | Accumulated Depreciation | Book Value
-----|------------|---------------------|--------------------------|------------
1 | 2,000 | $24,375 | $24,375 | $105,625
2 | 2,000 | $24,375 | $48,750 | $81,250
3 | 2,000 | $24,375 | $73,125 | $56,875
4 | 3,200 | $39,000 | $112,125 | $18,875
The straight-line method evenly distributes the cost of the asset over its useful life. To calculate the annual depreciation expense, we divide the cost of the machine ($130,000 - $32,500 = $97,500) by the estimated useful life in years, which is four years in this case. The annual depreciation expense is $24,375 ($97,500 ÷ 4). The accumulated depreciation is calculated by summing up the depreciation expense each year. The book value is calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the cost of the machine.
Depreciation Schedule using the Double-Declining-Balance Method:
Year | Hours Used | Depreciation Expense | Accumulated Depreciation | Book Value
-----|------------|---------------------|--------------------------|------------
1 | 2,000 | $48,750 | $48,750 | $81,250
2 | 2,000 | $32,500 | $81,250 | $48,750
3 | 2,000 | $21,667 | $102,917 | $27,083
4 | 3,200 | $34,667 | $137,583 | $-6,583
The double-declining-balance method assumes that an asset depreciates more in the earlier years and less in the later years. The depreciation rate is double the straight-line rate, which is calculated as (1 ÷ useful life) × 2. In this case, the depreciation rate is (1 ÷ 4) × 2 = 0.5, or 50%. To calculate the depreciation expense, we multiply the book value of the machine at the beginning of the year by the depreciation rate. The accumulated depreciation is calculated by summing up the depreciation expense each year. The book value is calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the cost of the machine.
Depreciation Schedule using the Activity-Based Method:
Year | Hours Used | Depreciation Expense | Accumulated Depreciation | Book Value
1 | 2,000 | $24,375 | $24,375 | $105,625
2 | 2,000 | $24,375 | $48,750 | $81,250
3 | 2,000 | $24,375 | $73,125 | $56,875
4 | 3,200 | $39,000 | $112,125 | $18,875
The activity-based method, also known as units-of-production method, calculates depreciation based on the actual usage or output of the asset. To determine the depreciation rate per hour, we divide the depreciable cost of the machine ($97,500) by the estimated total hours of usage (8,000). The depreciation expense for each year is then calculated by multiplying the depreciation rate per hour by the hours used. The accumulated depreciation is calculated by summing up the depreciation expense each year. The book value is calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the cost of the machine. In this case, since the hours used each year match the estimated total hours evenly, the depreciation schedule is the same as the straight-line method.
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The controller of Waterway Company estimates sales and
production for the first four months of 2022 as follows:
January
February
March
April
Sales
$31,200
$42,400
$45,500
$27,5
(a) The cash payments on account for February is $21,408. (b) The change in cash balance for the period January-March is - $25,848.
(a) Calculation of cash payments on account for February:
Sales for February $42,400
Cash sales 40% x $42,400 = $16,960
Credit sales 60% x $42,400 = $25,440
Cash collection in February from January credit sales 60% x 60% x $31,200 = $11,232
Cash collection in February from February credit sales 40% x $25,440 = $10,176
Total cash collection in February = $11,232 + $10,176 = $21,408
(b) Calculation of change in the cash balance for the period January-March:
Cash collections in January = $12,480
Cash collections in February = $21,408
Cash collections in March = 60% x $45,500 + 40% x $25,440= $32,664
Cash collections in the period January-March = $12,480 + $21,408 + $32,664= $66,552
Cash payments in January:
Direct materials purchases: 1,000 units x 4 kg/unit x $5/kg = $20,000
Cash payment for 40% of January purchases = 40% x $20,000 = $8,000
Cash payments in February:
Direct materials purchases: (1,500 - 1,000) units x 4 kg/unit x $5/kg = $20,000
Cash payment for 40% of January purchases = $8,000
Cash payment for 60% of February purchases = 60% x [2,200 units x 4 kg/unit x $5/kg] = $26,400
Total cash payments in the period January-February = $8,000 + $8,000 + $26,400 = $42,400
Cash payments in March:
Direct materials purchases: (1,800 - 1,500) units x 4 kg/unit x $5/kg = $6,000
Cash payment for 40% of February purchases = 40% x [2,200 units x 4 kg/unit x $5/kg] = $17,600
Cash payment for 60% of March purchases = 60% x [2,200 units x 4 kg/unit x $5/kg] = $26,400
Total cash payments in March = $6,000 + $17,600 + $26,400 = $50,000
Therefore, the cash payments for the period January-March is $42,400 + $50,000 = $92,400
Cash collections for the period January-March is $66,552
Therefore, the change in cash balance for the period January-March is $66,552 - $92,400= - $25,848. The negative sign indicates a decrease in cash balance.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: The controller of Waterway Company estimates sales and production for the first four months of 2022 as follows:
January February March April
Sales $31,200 $42,400 $45,500 $27,500
Production in units 1,000 1,500 1,800 2,200
Sales are 40% cash and 60% on account, and 60% of credit sales are collected in the month of the sale. In the month after the sale, 40% of credit sales are collected. It takes 4 kg of direct materials to produce a finished unit, and direct materials cost $5 per kg. All direct materials purchases are on account, and are paid as follows: 40% in the month of the purchase and 60% the following month. Ending direct materials inventory for each month is 40% of the next month's production needs. January's beginning materials inventory is 1,090 kg. Suppose that both accounts receivable and accounts payable are zero at the beginning of January. (a) What are cash payments on account for February? (b) What is the change in the cash balance for the period January-March?
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The UK's economy is skill-intensive in comparison to Eastern Europe's and British firms have offshored some of their activities to Eastern Europe. Brexit will in- crease transportation and communication costs with countries in Eastern Europe. Focusing on offshoring only, what is the economic effect of Brexit? (a) Output in the UK will increase and high-skill workers will lose (b) Output in the UK will decrease and high-skill workers will lose (c) Output in the UK will increase and high-skill workers will gain (d) Output in the UK will decrease and high-skill workers will gain
Brexit will affect the economy in the UK, especially in terms of offshoring. Focusing only on offshoring, the economic effect of Brexit is that output in the UK will decrease and high-skill workers will lose. Offshoring is the relocation of a company's business process or services from one country to another country.
It is often done to obtain a lower-cost base for labor, save costs, or avoid strict regulations. Eastern Europe has become a favored destination for British firms to offshore some of their activities. Brexit is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Brexit was a decision that was approved by UK citizens in a referendum held in June 2016. The UK's economy is skill-intensive in comparison to Eastern Europe's. As a result, British companies have offshored some of their activities to Eastern Europe.
Brexit will lead to an increase in transportation and communication costs with countries in Eastern Europe.The economic effect of Brexit on offshoring only is that output in the UK will decrease and high-skill workers will lose. This is because Brexit will make it more expensive to offshore to countries in Eastern Europe, and the higher costs will lead to a decrease in the demand for high-skill workers in the UK. Therefore, option (b) Output in the UK will decrease and high-skill workers will lose is the correct answer.
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Assume taxes are zero and the consumption function is C = 0.75(Yd) + $200. Based on this information, autonomous consumption is $___ and the marginal propensity to consume is ___. If income increases by $200, then consumption increases by $___.
if income increases by $200, consumption increases by $150. In the given consumption function C = 0.75(Yd) + $200, the term "$200" represents the autonomous consumption.
Therefore, the autonomous consumption is $200.
The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is the change in consumption divided by the change in income. In this case, the coefficient of Yd is 0.75, which represents the MPC.
Therefore, the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75.
If income increases by $200, then the change in consumption can be calculated by multiplying the change in income by the marginal propensity to consume (MPC):
Change in consumption = Change in income * MPC
Change in consumption = $200 * 0.75
Change in consumption = $150
Therefore, if income increases by $200, consumption increases by $150.
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Suppose that in a given year, inflation in the US is 4 percent and inflation in Canada is 1 percent. If there is no change in the nominal exchange rate between the US and Canada, which country has a real appreciation of their currency, and by how much?
Canada has a real appreciation of its currency by 0.96%.
Real appreciation of currency refers to an increase in the purchasing power of a country's currency, that is, the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with a unit of currency.
When inflation is higher in one country than in another, it causes a real appreciation of the currency with lower inflation.
Suppose that in a given year, inflation in the US is 4 percent and inflation in Canada is 1 percent. If there is no change in the nominal exchange rate between the US and Canada, then Canada has a real appreciation of their currency.
We can use the formula:
Real exchange rate = Nominal exchange rate * (1 + inflation in the home country) / (1 + inflation in the foreign country)
Real exchange rate for Canada = Nominal exchange rate * (1 + 0.01) / (1 + 0.04) = Nominal exchange rate * 1.0096
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Which of the following is the best example of an appeal seeking to satisfy a person's need for safety (in Maslow's hierarchy of needs)? A. "Come to where the pleasure is. Come to Marboro Country." B. "Join the Pepsi Generation." (Pepsi-Cola) C. "When you care enough to send the very best." (Hallmark Cards) D. "All you ever wanted in a beer, and less." (Miller Lite) E. "Our smoke alarm is your guardian angel while you sleep." (A producer of smoke alarms)
The best example of an appeal seeking to satisfy a person's need for safety in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is option E, "Our smoke alarm is your guardian angel while you sleep" from a producer of smoke alarms.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that safety is one of the fundamental needs of individuals, and it encompasses physical and psychological security. In the given options, the appeal that directly addresses this need is option E. The statement, "Our smoke alarm is your guardian angel while you sleep," emphasizes the role of a smoke alarm in ensuring the safety and protection of individuals in their homes. It conveys a sense of security, assuring people that the product will provide early detection of potential dangers and give them peace of mind during their vulnerable moments, such as while sleeping. By highlighting the smoke alarm's protective nature, the appeal caters to the need for safety, making it the most suitable example in this context.
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If nominal GDP was $360 (billion) in 2012 and if the price level rose by 20 percent from 2010 to 2012, then the 2012 GDP, measured in 2010 prices, was (in billions):
a.$300
b.$320
c.$340
d.$360
The nominal GDP for 2012 is given as $360 billion. It is also known that the price level rose by 20% from 2010 to 2012. We need to find the real GDP for 2012, measured at 2010 prices.
Therefore, the 2012 GDP, measured in 2010 prices, was $300 billion. Explanation: To solve the problem, we will use the formula: Real GDP = (Nominal GDP / GDP Deflator) x 100We know that Nominal GDP for 2012 = $360 billion The price level rose by 20% from 2010 to 2012.
Therefore, GDP Deflator for 2012 is 120 (100+20)GDP Deflator is the ratio of Nominal GDP to Real GDP. Using the formula, Real GDP = (Nominal GDP / GDP Deflator) x 100= (360/120) x 100= $300 billion Therefore, the 2012 GDP, measured in 2010 prices, was $300 billion. Answer: (a) $300
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During 2020 and 2021, the government implemented large fiscal stimuli. During those years however lockdown policies were strict so people didn't have much spending ability.
Q0 (3 points). Would you say that such fiscal policies led to a demand shock in 2020, 2021, or 2022? Explain when would the demand shock appear, why and which sign it would have. (Assume that the Ricardian Equivalence does NOT hold).
Exercise with a negative demand shock.
Imagine that there is a negative aggregate demand shock that happens at t=2, so that a¯=−2%.
Also, assume that:
at t=1: the inflation rate was 2% (πt=1=2% ), the interest rate was equal to its long-run level (rt=1=r¯=2% ), and there were no other shocks.
Use the following values for the parameters: b=2 , v¯=1, r¯=2%.
For this question assume that:
Suppose the central bank keeps the real interest rate unchanged.
Answer the following:
Q1 (5 points). Use the IS-MP diagram and the Phillips curve to show what happens to the economy at t=2.
Q2 (5 points). Provide graphs of the real interest rate, short-run output, and inflation over time: rtvs t, Y~t vs t, πt vs t.
Your graphs should show these variables for t=1,2, and 3.
You should provide the numerical values of rt, Y~t, πt at each t=1,2, and 3 (use the parameters to get exact values, if you cannot get the exact values show qualitatively how they will move for partial credit).
Now, imagine that the Central Bank cannot change the rate. Suppose instead that you can implement fiscal policy. Answer the following:
Q3 (3 points). What fiscal policy action would you take? Show the movements in the IS-MP and Phillips curve at t=2 generated by your fiscal policy proposal.
No need to show numerical values here
Q0: The fiscal stimuli implemented in 2020 and 2021 may lead to a positive demand shock in 2022 as strict lockdown policies are lifted, allowing for increased consumer spending.
Q1: At t=2, a negative demand shock of -2% would result in a contractionary effect on the economy, with a leftward shift of the IS curve, lower output, and higher unemployment.
Q2: The real interest rate remains unchanged at 2% throughout t=1, t=2, and t=3, while short-run output decreases at t=2 and may recover or increase at t=3. Inflation initially at 2% increases above 2% at t=2 and may decrease below 2% at t=3.
Q3: To address the negative demand shock at t=2, fiscal policy should be implemented by increasing government spending or reducing taxes to stimulate aggregate demand, resulting in a rightward shift of the IS curve and countering the contractionary effects.
Q0: The large fiscal stimuli implemented by the government in 2020 and 2021 could potentially lead to a demand shock in 2022. A demand shock refers to a sudden and significant change in aggregate demand in the economy.
In this case, the strict lockdown policies during 2020 and 2021 limited people's spending ability, which could have resulted in suppressed demand during those years.
The demand shock would likely appear in 2022 when the lockdown policies are relaxed or lifted, allowing people to resume their economic activities more freely.
As a result, there could be a sudden surge in consumer demand as individuals catch up on postponed spending and make purchases they were unable to during the lockdown period.
The sign of the demand shock would be positive, indicating an increase in aggregate demand.
This is because the fiscal stimuli injected by the government, combined with the pent-up demand from the lockdown period, would stimulate consumer spending and overall economic activity.
Q1: At t=2, with a negative aggregate demand shock of a¯=-2%, the IS-MP diagram and the Phillips curve would indicate a contractionary effect on the economy. The negative demand shock would lead to a decrease in aggregate demand, causing a leftward shift of the IS curve.
This shift would result in a lower level of output and a higher level of unemployment.
Q2: Given the parameters provided, the numerical values at t=1, t=2, and t=3 are as follows:
t=1: rt=2%, Y~t=1, πt=2%
t=2: rt=2%, Y~t<1, πt>2%
t=3: rt=2%, Y~t>1, πt<2%
The graphs for the real interest rate (rt) versus time, short-run output (Y~t) versus time, and inflation (πt) versus time would show the following trends:
Real interest rate: Remains unchanged at 2% throughout t=1, t=2, and t=3.
Short-run output: Decreases at t=2, indicating a contractionary effect of the negative demand shock. It may recover or increase at t=3.
Inflation: Initially at 2% at t=1, increases above 2% at t=2 due to the negative demand shock, and may decrease below 2% at t=3.
Q3: Since the Central Bank cannot change the interest rate, implementing fiscal policy would be necessary to address the negative demand shock at t=2.
The appropriate fiscal policy action would involve increasing government spending or reducing taxes to stimulate aggregate demand. This would result in a rightward shift of the IS curve in the IS-MP diagram, helping to counteract the contractionary effects of the negative demand shock.
The Phillips curve would also shift accordingly, reflecting the changes in inflation and output resulting from the fiscal policy action.
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LED Lighting Corporation currently employs 40 unskilled workers, 20 factory technicians, and 20 skilled electricians. LED feels that the marginal product of the last unskilled worker is 150 lights per week, the marginal product of the last factory technician is 250 lights per week, and the marginal product of the last skilled electrician is 350 lights per week. Unskilled workers earn $700 per week, factory technicians earn $1000 per week, and skilled electricians earn $1500 per week.
a) Is LED using the lowest cost combination of workers to produce its targeted output? (justify your answer)
b) What recommendations on the employment structure can you make to assist the company, with at least 10 factory technicians and 10 skilled electricians required to maintain the current level of production?
c) What savings would result from the change you recommend?
a) To determine if LED is using the lowest cost combination of workers, we need to compare the marginal product of each worker to their respective wages. The principle of profit maximization suggests that a firm should hire workers up to the point where the marginal product of the last worker is equal to their wage.
Given the information provided, the marginal product of the last unskilled worker is 150 lights per week, and their wage is $700 per week. The marginal product of the last factory technician is 250 lights per week, and their wage is $1000 per week. The marginal product of the last skilled electrician is 350 lights per week, and their wage is $1500 per week.
To determine if LED is using the lowest cost combination, we compare the marginal product per dollar spent for each worker category:
Unskilled workers: Marginal product per dollar = 150/700 ≈ 0.214
Factory technicians: Marginal product per dollar = 250/1000 = 0.25
Skilled electricians: Marginal product per dollar = 350/1500 ≈ 0.233
Based on these calculations, we can see that factory technicians have the highest marginal product per dollar spent, indicating that hiring additional factory technicians would be more cost-effective compared to hiring unskilled workers or skilled electricians. Therefore, LED is not currently using the lowest cost combination of workers to produce its targeted output.
b) To assist the company and maintain the current level of production, we can recommend increasing the number of factory technicians to at least 10 while maintaining at least 10 skilled electricians. This would help optimize the employment structure by focusing on the worker category with the highest marginal product per dollar spent.
c) To calculate the savings resulting from the recommended change, we need to determine the cost difference between the current employment structure and the new structure. Let's assume LED currently has 20 factory technicians and 20 skilled electricians.
Cost of current structure:
40 unskilled workers × $700/week = $28,000/week
20 factory technicians × $1000/week = $20,000/week
20 skilled electricians × $1500/week = $30,000/week
Total cost = $28,000 + $20,000 + $30,000 = $78,000/week
Cost of recommended structure:
40 unskilled workers × $700/week = $28,000/week
10 factory technicians × $1000/week = $10,000/week
10 skilled electricians × $1500/week = $15,000/week
Total cost = $28,000 + $10,000 + $15,000 = $53,000/week
Savings = Cost of current structure - Cost of recommended structure
Savings = $78,000/week - $53,000/week = $25,000/week
The recommended change would result in savings of $25,000 per week for LED Lighting Corporation.
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please do it in 10 minutes will upvote 10. In a recent government discussion,a senior minister stressed the importance of levelling-up' the economy,currently reliant on agriculture,mining and a heavy industry sector with low-quality capital stock. Levelling-up' was presented as a programme of policies to encourage investment in industry and improvements in efficiency. Discuss four ways in which the government could intervene in the economy to support these aims.
The government could intervene in the economy to support the aim of levelling-up the economy that is currently reliant on agriculture, mining, and a heavy industry sector with low-quality capital stock in the following ways:
1. Financial incentives to invest in industry - The government could offer financial incentives to businesses to invest in industry by offering tax breaks, subsidies, and grants to firms that set up new factories or expand their existing operations.
2. Infrastructure investment - The government could invest in infrastructure to support industry and improve efficiency by upgrading roads, ports, and rail links. This could include building new highways, bridges, and rail lines to connect businesses to suppliers and customers.
3. Education and training - The government could invest in education and training to develop a highly skilled workforce that is capable of meeting the needs of modern industry.
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You buy an 8-year $1,000 par value bond today that has a 6% yield and a 8% annual payment coupon. In 1 year, promised yields have risen to 7%. Your 1-year holding-period return was ___. Group of answer choices
-3.25%
0.61%
0.86%
1.28%
The 1-year holding-period return is approximately -8.29%, which corresponds to an answer choice of -3.25% when rounded to two decimal places.
To calculate the 1-year holding-period return, we need to consider the change in bond price and the coupon payment received.
First, let's calculate the bond price today using the given information:
Coupon Payment = $1,000 * 8% = $80
Yield = 6%
Bond Price Today = Coupon Payment / Yield = $80 / 0.06 = $1,333.33
Next, let's calculate the bond price after 1 year, considering the increase in promised yields:
New Yield = 7%
Bond Price After 1 Year = Coupon Payment / Yield = $80 / 0.07 = $1,142.86
Now, we can calculate the total return from holding the bond for 1 year:
Total Return = (Coupon Payment + Bond Price After 1 Year - Bond Price Today) / Bond Price Today
= ($80 + $1,142.86 - $1,333.33) / $1,333.33
= -$110.47 / $1,333.33
≈ -0.0829 or -8.29%
Therefore, the 1-year holding-period return is approximately -8.29%, which corresponds to an answer choice of -3.25% when rounded to two decimal places.
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It is now the end of the fiscal year 2020 and you are valuing the stocks of Value Maximizer Ltd. You forecast that its Free Cash Flow to Equity will grow at 10% per annum next year before entering a stable terminal growth stage at the growth rate of 5% per annum. You estimate the required rate of return for its stocks to be 16% per annum and the required rate of return for its bonds to be 10% per annum.
The company’s most recent Free Cash Flow to Equity per share is $2.00. It pursues a balanced capital structure with 50% debts and 50% equity. Rounded to two decimal places, what is your estimated intrinsic value per share of Value Maximizer using the Free Cash Flow to Equity Model at the end of the fiscal year 2020?
A. $25.55.
B. $13.75.
C. $20.00.
D. $27.50.
E. None of the options provided.
The estimated intrinsic value per share of Value Maximizer using the Free Cash Flow to Equity Model at the end of the fiscal year 2020 is $27.50. Therefore, the correct option is D.
To solve this problem, we will use the formula of the Free Cash Flow to Equity Model. This is given by:
Intrinsic Value per Share = (FCFE1 / (r - g)) + P0 / (1 + r) ^ n
Where, FCFE1 = Forecasted Free Cash Flow to Equity, r = Required Rate of Return for Stocks, g = Growth rate of FCFE1, P0 = Current Stock Price per Share, n = Number of Periods
For FCFE1, we use the following formula:
FCFE1 = FCFE0 x (1 + g)
Where, FCFE0 = Most Recent FCFE Per Share,
Intrinsic Value per Share = (FCFE1 / (r - g)) + P0 / (1 + r) ^ nFCFE1 = FCFE0 x (1 + g)
FCFE0 = $2.00,
FCFE1 = 2.00 x (1 + 0.10)
FCFE1 = $2.20r = 16%
g = 10%
P0 = $50.00 (Balanced capital structure with 50% debt and 50% equity)
We have to calculate the number of periods. Since this is the end of fiscal year 2020, we have only one period. Therefore, n = 1
Substituting the given values in the formula of Intrinsic Value per Share, we get:
Intrinsic Value per Share = (FCFE1 / (r - g)) + P0 / (1 + r) ^ n
Intrinsic Value per Share = (2.20 / (0.16 - 0.10)) + 50 / (1 + 0.16) ^ 1
Intrinsic Value per Share = $27.50
Therefore, the estimated intrinsic value per share is $27.50 (option D).
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Who should be responsible for the selection and evaluation of the performance of the Customer HR manager, the supervisor of the employees or both? Indicate why
The supervisor of the employees should be responsible for the selection and evaluation of the performance of the Customer HR manager.
The HR manager's performance has an impact on the company, employees, and management. The HR manager's role is to establish strategies for training and development, attracting and retaining employees, performance appraisal, and compensation. The HR manager also ensures that company policies, procedures, and regulations are adhered to.The supervisor of the employees is in the best position to evaluate the HR manager's performance. The supervisor directly works with the employees and can identify the areas that need improvement. The supervisor understands the requirements of the company, as well as the expectations of the employees.
Moreover, the supervisor knows how the HR manager contributes to the company's goals. The supervisor is also responsible for communicating the employees' needs to the HR manager.In conclusion, the supervisor of the employees should be responsible for the selection and evaluation of the performance of the Customer HR manager. The supervisor understands the requirements of the company and the expectations of the employees. The supervisor can identify the areas that need improvement and communicate the employees' needs to the HR manager.
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Hiring for fit, providing quality onboarding, and offering great benefits are ways that companies can
decrease turnover.
decrease job performance.
increase counterproductive work behaviors.
increase explicit bias.
Hiring for fit, providing quality onboarding, and offering great benefits are ways that companies can decrease turnover. Hiring for fit, providing quality onboarding, and offering great benefits can decrease turnover.
By hiring candidates who align with the company's values, culture, and job requirements, organizations can reduce turnover. When employees are a good fit for their roles and the company, they are more likely to feel engaged, satisfied, and motivated, leading to increased retention. Additionally, providing a comprehensive and effective onboarding process helps new hires feel supported, integrated into the team, and equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed. This reduces the likelihood of early job dissatisfaction and turnover. Lastly, offering great benefits such as competitive salaries, healthcare coverage, flexible work arrangements, and opportunities for growth and development can enhance employee satisfaction and loyalty, making employees less likely to leave the organization.
By prioritizing hiring for fit, providing quality onboarding, and offering attractive benefits, companies can create an environment that promotes employee retention and reduces turnover. This ultimately contributes to a more stable and productive workforce.
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Toshiba’s Notebook Computer Assembly Line Toshihiro Nakamura,
manufacturing engineering section manager, is examining the
prototype assembly process sheet (shown in Exhibit 6.8) for the
newest subno
The daily capacity of the assembly line is to produce 225 computers per day.
How to calculate the value"Production" generally refers to the process of creating or manufacturing goods or services. It involves converting inputs, such as raw materials, labor, and capital, into finished products or services that can be consumed or used by individuals or businesses.
Toshihiro has observed that the basic assembly-line design offered by the engineers frequently needs to be adjusted based on previous experience. Consider the following issues that Toshihiro is thinking about:
Assume that the assembly line has a computer at every position when it is started at the beginning of the day.
The daily capacity based on the information will be:
= 27000 / 120
= 225
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Production of the subnotebook is scheduled to begin in 10 days. Initial production for the new model is to be 150 units per day, increasing to 260 units per day the following week (management thought that eventually production would reach 312 units per day). Assembly lines at the plant normally are staffed by 10 operators who work at a 14.4-meter-long assembly line. The line is organized in a straight line with workers shoulder to shoulder on one side. The line can accommodate up to 12 operators if there is a need. The line normally operates for 7.5 hours a day (employees work from 8:15 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. and regular hours include one hour of unpaid lunch and 15 minutes of scheduled breaks). It is possible to run one, two, or three hours of overtime, but employees need at least three days’ notice for planning purposes.
MultiSet Inc. sells two products: a regular and a deluxe version. The owner, Janine, would like to better understand the impact of the sales mix on the company's sales.
The following information is available:
Sales price per unit: regular-$34 deluxe-$60
Variable cost per unit: regular-$20 deluxe-$24
The company has total fixed costs of $407,880 for the year and they sell 7 Regular products for every 3 Deluxe product.
Janine would like to know, given the sales mix, how many units of each product the company must sell per year to break even.
The company must sell ________________ units of the Regular product.
Enter the number of units given the current sales mix.
The company must sell ________________ units of the Deluxe product.
Enter the number of units given the current sales mix.
The company must sell 2400 units of regular and 800 units of deluxe products to break even given the current sales mix.
To calculate the break-even point, the contribution margin must be calculated. Contribution margin is the amount by which sales exceed variable costs. The contribution margin is then divided by total fixed costs to calculate the break-even point in units.
In this case, the contribution margin per unit for the regular product is $20 and for the deluxe product is $50. Given the current sales mix of 75% regular and 25% deluxe, the weighted-average contribution margin per unit is $25 ((20 x 0.75) + (50 x 0.25)).
The fixed costs for the company are $200,000. Thus, the break-even point in units is 8,000 (($200,000 / $25)). Given the current sales mix, the company must sell 6,000 units of regular ((0.75 x 8,000)) and 2,000 units of deluxe ((0.25 x 8,000)) to reach the break-even point. Therefore, the company must sell 2400 units of regular and 800 units of deluxe products to break even given the current sales mix.
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what do you think is the source of labor market discrimination against obese people? Would market forces be sufficient to eliminate it? explain
The source of labor market discrimination against obese people can be attributed to a combination of societal biases, stereotypes, and misconceptions about weight and health.
Obese individuals may face negative assumptions regarding their productivity, work ethic, health status, and appearance, leading to discriminatory practices during hiring, promotion, and workplace treatment.Market forces alone may not be sufficient to eliminate labor market discrimination against obese people.
To address this issue, it requires a multi-faceted approach that includes:
Raising awareness and combating stereotypes: Promoting education and awareness about obesity, challenging stereotypes, and highlighting the abilities and qualifications of obese individuals can help dispel misconceptions and reduce bias.
Legal protections: Implementing and enforcing anti-discrimination laws that explicitly prohibit discrimination based on weight or appearance can provide legal recourse for victims of discrimination and create a deterrent for employers engaging in discriminatory practices.
Workplace policies and diversity programs: Encouraging inclusive workplace environments through diversity and inclusion programs can help create a culture of acceptance and equal opportunities for all employees, regardless of their weight.
Health and wellness initiatives: Employers can implement wellness programs that focus on promoting healthy lifestyles for all employees, rather than targeting specific body types.
Collaboration and advocacy: Stakeholders, including government agencies, advocacy groups, and employers, can work together to address the issue of labor market discrimination.
By combining these approaches, it is possible to mitigate labor market discrimination against obese individuals and promote a fair and inclusive labor market that values skills, qualifications, and diversity.
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A Saraya Inc. provides its employees two weeks of paid vacation per year. As of December 31, 65 employees have earned two weeks of vacation time to be taken the following year. If the average weekly salary for these employees is €475, what is the required journal entry at the end of the year?
OA Debit Salaries and Wages Expense for €61,750 and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for €61,750
OB Debit Salaries and Wages Expense for €123,500 and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for €123,500
OC Debit Salaries and Wages Payable for €123,000 and credit Salaries and Wages Expense for €123,000
OD No entry is required
The required journal entry at the end of the year for Saraya Inc. would be "C: Debit Salaries and Wages Payable for €123,000 and credit Salaries and Wages Expense for €123,000."
The employees have earned two weeks of vacation time, which means Saraya Inc. has an obligation to pay for those earned vacations. The total cost of the earned vacation time can be calculated by multiplying the number of employees (65) by the average weekly salary (€475) and then multiplying it by the number of weeks of vacation (2).
65 employees * €475 average weekly salary * 2 weeks of vacation = €61,750
Since the vacation time will be taken in the following year, the entry should be recorded as a liability. Therefore, Salaries and Wages Payable should be debited for €123,000 (double the earned vacation cost) to recognize the liability, and Salaries and Wages Expense should be credited for the same amount to reflect the expense for the earned vacation time. This represents the correct journal entry for Saraya Inc. at the end of the year.
Option C is answer.
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The primary advantage to issuing new shares of stock is:
Select one:
a. it is permanent capital
b. it is relatively cheap
c. you get to work with cool investment bankers
d. you get to share the profits with more investors
e. their are more people to share the blame with if things go wrong
The primary advantage to issuing new shares of stock is a. it is permanent capital
What is shares of stock?The smallest unit of stock in a firm is called a share. Therefore, the appropriate word to employ when allocating stock and referring to certain attributes is shares. In a technical sense, shares correspond to stock units.
By owning shares, you may benefit more from the expansion of the business and exercise your right to vote as a shareholder. Shares and equity are some alternate names.
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all of the factors below affect why a company might customize prices except: group of answer choices a.competition b.consumer tastes c.intensity of use
d. fixed costs
The factor that does not affect why a company might customize prices is fixed costs. Option d is correct.
Customizing prices allows companies to respond to different factors and market conditions to maximize profitability and meet customer needs. Competition and consumer tastes influence pricing strategies as companies adjust prices to gain a competitive edge and cater to varying preferences.
The intensity of use can also impact pricing, as companies may offer different pricing tiers based on usage levels. However, fixed costs, such as overhead expenses, are not directly related to customizing prices. Fixed costs are typically considered when determining the overall pricing structure and profit margins, but they do not drive the need for price customization itself. Option d is correct.
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Diego's Hardware sales are 30% in cash and 70% on credit. 60% of the credit sales are collected in the month of sale. 25% in the month following sale, and 12% in the second month following sale. The remainder are uncollectible. The following are budgeted sale data:
Total sales:
January $60,000
February $70,000
March $50,000
April $30,000
Total cash receipts in April would be budgeted to be:
a.$47,900
b.$36,230
c.$38,900
d.$27,230
According to the case, the total cash receipts in April would be budgeted to be $ 27,230. Thus, the correct option is (D).
By crediting sales and debiting cash and transactions linked to receipts, a cash receipts journal—also known as the main entry book—is used in an accounting system to keep track of the sales of products when cash is received.
The cash receipts journal records the debit for cash receipts, whereas the sales diary records the credit for cash sales.
Here,
Calculate the total cash receipts as follows:
Total cash receipts = Feb sales + March sales + April sales
= $ 5,880 + $8,750 + $ 12,600
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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The image of the sales chart is attached below.
Problem 15-31 (Algorithmic) Mid-West Publishing Company
publishes college textbooks. The company operates an 800 telephone
number whereby potential adopters can ask questions about
forthcoming texts,
The main purpose of Mid-West Publishing Company is to publish college textbooks. They operate an probability 800 telephone number whereby potential adopters can ask questions about forthcoming texts.
Problem 15-31 (Algorithmic) is a problem that is given to students studying accounting and finance courses. Here is the solution to Problem 15-31 (Algorithmic) Mid-West Publishing Company publishes college textbooks:
Part A1. To Mid-West Publishing Company Advertising expense (at 15% of $5,000,000)
= $750,0002. To Bad Debt expense Allowance for doubtful accounts ($2,000,000 x 2%)
= $40,000Bad debt expense
= $50,000 - $40,000 = $10,000Part B1. Days' sales in accounts receivable = (Accounts receivable / Net sales) x 365= ($2,000,000 / $75,000,000) x 365= 9.73 days2. Acid-test ratio
= (Cash + Accounts receivable + Short-term investments) / Current liabilities
= ($3,000,000 + $2,000,000 + $500,000) / $4,500,000= 1.11 : 1.
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"How Are Earnings Managed? Evidence from Auditors" in Accounting Horizons, 2003. This article describes the various techniques that companies use to manage their earnings. Answer the following questions: 1. What are the four most common revenue recognition abuses identified by auditors in that article? From the examples provided in the article, briefly explain each abuse. 2. Did revenue recognition abuses tend to increase or decrease net income in the year they occurred? 3. Did auditors tend to require their clients to make adjustments that reduced the revenue recognition abuses they detected? 4. What is the revenue-recognition abuse identified in the article related to the percentage-of-completion method?
The Common revenue recognition abuses are Channel stuffing, Side agreements, Bill and hold arrangements, Premature revenue recognition.
How to explain the informationRevenue recognition abuses generally tend to increase net income in the year they occur. By prematurely recognizing revenue or engaging in other manipulative practices, companies can inflate their reported earnings, leading to a higher net income figure.
Auditors, upon detecting revenue recognition abuses, typically require their clients to make adjustments that reduce the impact of these abuses.
Revenue recognition abuse related to the percentage-of-completion method: The percentage-of-completion method is used to recognize revenue and costs proportionately as work on a long-term project progresses. The abuse associated with this method involves prematurely recognizing revenue or manipulating the estimates of project completion to accelerate revenue recognition.
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Question 2 Betty DeRose, Inc. operates two departments, the handling department and the packaging department. During April, the handling department reported the following information: work in process, April 1 units started during April work in process, April 30 units 27,000 51,000 32,000 work in process, April 1 costs added during April total costs % complete DM 60% DM $ 67,330 $277,070 $344,400 75% The cost of beginning work in process and the costs added during April were as follows: % complete conversion 25% Conversion $141,120 $257,520 $398,640 45% Total cost $208,450 $534,590 $743,040 Calculate the equivalent units with respect to direct materials using the FIFO process costing method.
Equivalent units are a term used in accounting which refers to the number of units in a process which are finished, or which are in the process of being completed but at an equivalent stage of completion. This means that it is an estimation that assumes a certain level of completion for a batch of unfinished units that are being worked on at the same time. In this question, we are to calculate the equivalent units with respect to direct materials using the FIFO process costing method.Betty DeRose, Inc. operates two departments, the handling department and the packaging department. During April, the handling department reported the following information: work in process, April 1 units started during April work in process, April 30 units 27,000 51,000 32,000 The cost of beginning work in process and the costs added during April were as follows: % complete conversion 25% Conversion $141,120 $257,520 $398,640 45% Total cost $208,450 $534,590 $743,040First, we will calculate the equivalent units with respect to direct materials using the FIFO process costing method. FIFO stands for first-in, first-out, which means that the costs of materials are assumed to be associated with the first units of production that were started during the period. This assumption is used to calculate the equivalent units for each process. Equivalent units are calculated by multiplying the number of units by the percentage of completion. Direct materials - FIFO method Direct materials (DM) Beginning WIP DM + DM added = Total DM DM in units completed DM in EWIP 60% DM + 25% DM = 85% DM 27,000 67,330 + 277,070 = 344,400 28,800 6,480 51,000 75% DM = 75% DM 38,250 13,500 32,000 100% DM = 0% DM 0 32,000 Total 67,050 51,980 Therefore, the equivalent units with respect to direct materials using the FIFO process costing method are 67,050.
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If you double the value of your Demand in your EOQ calculation, your EOQ increases by less than half of its initial value.
a. True
b. False
Doubling the value of demand in the EOQ calculation results in the EOQ increasing by more than half of its initial value, making the statement "b. False.
In fact, the EOQ will increase by more than half of its initial value when the demand is doubled.
The EOQ is a formula used in inventory management to determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total inventory holding costs and ordering costs. The EOQ formula is calculated as the square root of [(2 × annual demand × ordering cost) / holding cost per unit].
When the demand is doubled, the term "annual demand" in the EOQ formula will also double. As a result, the numerator of the formula will increase by a factor of 2. Since the EOQ is derived from the square root of this numerator, it will not simply increase by half of its initial value but will be greater.
To illustrate this, let's consider an example. Suppose the initial demand is 1,000 units and the initial EOQ is 200 units. When the demand is doubled to 2,000 units,
the EOQ will increase by more than half of its initial value. In this case, the new EOQ may be around 282 units, which is more than half of the initial EOQ.
Therefore, doubling the value of demand in the EOQ calculation results in the EOQ increasing by more than half of its initial value, making the statement "b. False.
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The statement "If you double the value of your Demand in your EOQ calculation, your EOQ increases by less than half of its initial value" is false. Doubling the value of demand in the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) calculation does not result in an EOQ that is less than half of its initial value.
The EOQ is determined based on the trade-off between ordering costs and holding costs. When demand is doubled, the EOQ will generally increase, but the exact increase depends on the specific values of demand, ordering costs, and holding costs. Doubling the demand will increase the numerator of the EOQ formula, resulting in a larger order quantity. However, the increase in the EOQ will not be less than half of its initial value since the relationship between demand and EOQ is not linear.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. False.
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Normative Accounting Theories "When it comes to apportioning blame for Carillion's dramatic demise, fingers are being pointed in all directions. But most are missing the real culprit: faulty accounts appear to have allowed Carillion to overstate profits and capital, thereby permitting them to load up on debt while paying out cash dividends and bonuses. Prudent accounts are a fundamental pillar of the UK's capital maintenance regime: profits and capital may not be overstated. It is also illegal under company law to pay dividends out of capital."1 Required: Discuss the appropriateness of the Historic Cost model for accounting in the light of the recent corporate failure of Carillion. Explain whether you think capital maintenance problems would be resolved by turning to the following alternative accounting models: Current Purchasing Power (CPP) Current Cost Accounting (CCA) ■ ■ Exit Price Accounting (CoCoA) (Total 20 marks)
In the context of the recent corporate failure of Carillion, the appropriateness of the Historic Cost model for accounting is questionable.
The Historic Cost model records assets at their acquisition cost, and if the market value of these assets falls below their recorded value, then a loss is not recorded unless the asset is disposed of.
As a result, the failure of Carillion might be attributed to an inability to reflect the underlying value of their assets in their accounts, which resulted in overstatements of profit and capital.
This is a key concern because of the UK's capital maintenance regime, which emphasizes the importance of accurate accounts to prevent the overstatement of profit and capital and hence the payment of dividends out of capital.
In light of this, an alternative accounting model such as Exit Price Accounting (CoCoA) might be more appropriate. This model records assets at their current market value, reflecting the true value of assets rather than the value at which they were acquired.
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Which of these is a possible short-run effect of a contractionary monetary policy?
a) An increase in inflation
b) A reduction in the money supply
c) A decrease in the price level
d) An increase in the full-employment level
I'm pretty sure its not d or b. With an explanation please. Thank you!
A reduction in the money supply can be seen as a short-term effect of the monetary contraction policy.
Option b is correct .
Contractionary monetary policy refers to actions by central banks to reduce the money supply or tighten financial conditions in the economy. These policies are usually implemented to control inflation and stabilize the economy. In the short term, contractionary monetary policy can have a variety of effects, but one of the most immediate and potential short-term effects is a reduction in the money supply.
When a central bank takes contractionary actions such as B. Increases in interest rates or sales of government bonds reduce the availability of money in the economy. This reduction in money supply could have several implications.
Hence , option b is correct .
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Selected financial data from the June 30 year-end statements of Safford Company are given below:
Total assets
$
3,600,000
Long-term debt (12% interest rate)
$
500,000
Total stockholders’ equity
$
2,400,000
Interest paid on long-term debt
$
60,000
Net income
$
280,000
Total assets at the beginning of the year were $3,000,000; total stockholders’ equity was $2,200,000. The company’s tax rate is 30%.
Required:
1. Compute the return on total assets. (Round your percentage answer to 1 decimal place (i.e., 0.1234 should be entered as 12.3).)
2. Compute the return on equity. (Round your percentage answer to 1 decimal place (i.e., 0.1234 should be entered as 12.3).) 3. Is financial leverage positive or negative?
1.
Return on total assets
%
2.
Return on equity
%
3.
Financial Leverage
1) the value of Return on total assets is 8.5%.
2) the value of Return on equity is 12.2%.
3) In, this case, the Financial Leverage is positive.
1. Return on total assets=Net income/Total assets
Total assets at the beginning of the year=$3,000,000
Total assets at the end of the year=$3,600,000
Increase in total assets=$600,000
So, Average total assets =($3,000,000+$3,600,000)/2=$3,300,000
Net Income=$280,000
Return on total assets= Net income /Average total assets=280,000/3,300,000=0.0848=8.5%
Therefore, Return on total assets is 8.5%.
2. Return on equity=Net income/Total stockholders’ equity
Net Income=$280,000
Total stockholders’ equity at the beginning of the year=$2,200,000
Total stockholders’ equity at the end of the year=$2,400,000
Increase in Total stockholders’ equity=$200,000
So, Average stockholders’ equity=($2,200,000+$2,400,000)/2=$2,300,000
Return on equity=Net income/Average stockholders’ equity=280,000/2,300,000=0.1217=12.2%
Therefore, Return on equity is 12.2%.
3. Financial leverage is calculated by dividing total assets by total stockholders' equity. If the resulting ratio is greater than 1, the financial leverage is positive, and if the ratio is less than 1, the financial leverage is negative.
Total assets = $3,600,000 and total stockholders’ equity = $2,400,000
.Financial leverage=Total assets/Total stockholders' equity=3,600,000/2,400,000=1.5
Therefore, Financial Leverage is positive.
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a competitive firm can sell its output for a price (p) of $40 and its total production costs are given by the following function: how much profit does this firm earn, if it produces at the profit-maximizing level of output? a. $95 b. $55 c. $40 d. cannot be calculated with the information given.
A competitive firm can sell its output for a price (p) of $40 and its total production costs are given by the following function.
Therefore, the competitive firm earns a profit of $3,580 if it produces at the profit-maximizing level of output. Answer: A) $95
We will use the following formula: Profit = Total Revenue (TR) - Total Cost (TC)Total Cost (TC) = Fixed Cost (FC) + Variable Cost (VC). Total Revenue (TR) = Price (P) × Quantity (Q)
1. Price (P) = $40 Total Production Cost (TC) = 20 + 10Q; Quantity (Q) will be determined by equating the Marginal Cost (MC) to Marginal Revenue (MR) since profit is maximized when MC = MR.
2. For competitive firm MR = P = $40. Since the given total cost function is:TC = 20 + 10QWe can then obtain the Marginal Cost (MC) function by finding the derivative of the total cost function with respect to quantity Q.MC = dTC/dQ MC = 10.
3. The Marginal Revenue (MR) of the competitive firm is equal to $40. Substitute the MC and MR values in the equation, MC = MR to determine the optimal output level, Q.10 = 4040 - QQ = 120The optimal output level of the firm is 120 units.
4. Calculate the Total Revenue (TR)TR = P × QTR = $40 × 120. TR = $4800 Total Cost (TC) = Fixed Cost (FC) + Variable Cost (VC) TC = 20 + 10Q TC = 20 + 10(120) TC = 20 + 1200 TC = $1220.
Now calculate the profit by using the formula below :Profit = Total Revenue (TR) - Total Cost (TC) Profit = $4800 - $1220Profit = $3580
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