Due to the faster the detective control is initiated after an event, the more likely it is that the organization will be able to minimize the damage, the statement is true.
The longer the organization waits, the greater the amount of harm. A business may only uncover a loss after it has become irreversible and there is no chance of limiting the damages. The control system's primary purpose is to assist in risk assessment and the prompt detection of risks.
The earlier the organization is aware of potential risks, the more effectively it can respond to them. It allows the business to stay on top of its operations and avoid unpleasant surprises that could have been avoided if detected earlier.
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Internal controls are:
Internal controls are procedures or systems implemented by an organization to protect its assets, ensure accuracy and completeness of its financial information, promote operational efficiency, and ensure compliance with laws and regulations.
These controls are designed to minimize errors, theft, fraud, and losses.Internal controls can be divided into two types: preventative controls and detective controls. Preventative controls are designed to stop problems before they occur. Examples include physical access controls, segregation of duties, and proper authorization and approval processes. Detective controls, on the other hand, are designed to identify problems after they have occurred. Examples include reconciliations, audits, and investigations.
Internal controls are important because they help ensure that an organization operates efficiently and effectively, financial statements are reliable, and laws and regulations are complied with. They also help protect against losses due to fraud, theft, or errors.
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Internal controls are ______________
SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS DURING COVID-19
America small-business owners moved quickly when
COVID-19 started shuttering shops in March. Fine dining restaurants
shifted to takeout. Book shops introduced cur
America's small-business owners moved quickly when COVID-19 started shuttering shops in March. Fine dining restaurants shifted to takeout. Book shops introduced curbside pickup. Gyms offered online classes. These adaptations helped many businesses survive the pandemic and even thrive in some cases. However, they also posed new challenges and risks for the owners and their employees. In this article, we will explore some of the strategies and struggles of small-business owners during COVID-19.
About Covid-19COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus. People with COVID-19 can experience fever, dry cough and difficulty breathing.
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Consider a firm running a business in the pure competition setting. This frm's cost function is as follows c(y)=³-3y² + 1 +12y + 3 Note that the notations in this question are consistent with the notations used in class Assuming that the firm is running the business under any circumstances, what happens to the producer's surplus when the market price falls from $7 to $47 O A. Producer's surplus increases by $11. OB. Producer's surplus decreases by $13 OC. Produer's surplus increases by $13 OD. Producer's surplus decreases by $13.67
The cost function of a firm running a business in the pure competition setting is c(y) = ³-3y² + 1 +12y + 3. Producer's surplus decreases by $13 (option D) when the market price falls from $7 to $4.
Assuming that the firm is running the business under any circumstances, the producer's surplus decreases by $13 when the market price falls from $7 to $4. Producer surplus is the distinction between the market price and the producer's willingness to sell that good at a specific quantity level. The formula for calculating the producer surplus is as follows:Producer surplus = Total revenue – Total variable costs.
Let's calculate the producer surplus: Given [tex]c(y) = ³-3y² + 1 +12y + 3[/tex], total variable cost (TVC) [tex]= c(y) = ³-3y² + 1 +12y + 3[/tex]. Let's suppose the market price is $7. So the total revenue (TR) = Price × Quantity = $7y Producer surplus = TR – TVC= (Price × Quantity) – TVC[tex]= ($7y) – (³-3y² + 1 +12y + 3)[/tex]
Producer surplus [tex]= 7y - 3y² - 11[/tex]. If the market price falls from $7 to $4, the new total revenue = Price × Quantity = $4yThe producer surplus at this new price is: Producer surplus = TR – TVC= (Price × Quantity) – TVC[tex]= ($4y) – (³-3y² + 1 +12y + 3)[/tex]. Producer surplus [tex]= 4y - 3y²- 14[/tex]To determine the change in producer surplus, subtract the new producer surplus from the original producer surplus.
ΔProducer surplus = New producer surplus – Old producer surplus[tex]= (4y - 3y² - 14) - (7y - 3y² - 11)= 4y - 3y² - 14 - 7y + 3y² + 11= -3y - 3[/tex] Producer's surplus decreases by $13 (option D) when the market price falls from $7 to $4.
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one of the main critiques of the learning organization litreature is that management are typically unlikely to 'give up' and share power in the way necessary to facilitate proper learning and self reflection. Do you agree with this? If so what, if anything can sharing power with workers has potential advantages for all
Yes, I agree with the statement that one of the main critiques of the learning organization literature is that management is typically unlikely to 'give up' and share power in the way necessary to facilitate proper learning and self-reflection.
What sharing power with workers can do to achieve potential advantages for all are given below:
Shared power with workers can potentially enable to attain the following benefits: Improved innovation and creativity: When power is shared among all employees, it provides an opportunity to share their ideas, insights, and experiences freely. It enables to work collaboratively and thus, generates more creative and innovative ideas that help to achieve success in the organization.
Employees feel valued: When power is shared with workers, it shows that the management values the input and ideas of all employees. It makes employees feel more motivated and engaged in their work, and they become more committed to achieving organizational goals.
Increased job satisfaction and retention: Sharing power with workers provides them autonomy and a sense of control in the decision-making process. It makes employees feel satisfied and appreciated, and hence, it motivates them to stay with the organization for a longer time.
Better problem-solving: When power is shared with workers, it helps to involve everyone in the decision-making process, and thus, enables to solve problems and make decisions more efficiently and effectively.
Increased performance: Shared power promotes a positive work environment, and employees feel valued, motivated, and engaged in their work. Hence, it results in increased performance and productivity in the organization.
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When a corporation is formed, how do the transaction costs get treated? a. recorded directly to retained earnings b. recorded as an asset and depreciated c. recorded as an asset and assessed for impai
When a corporation is formed, transaction costs incurred during the process are typically recorded as an asset for impairment on the balance sheet. Option c is correct.
These costs are categorized as "organization costs" or "startup costs" and include expenses such as legal fees, accounting fees, and registration fees. However, instead of being directly expensed, they are capitalized and recognized as an asset.
The recorded asset is then subject to periodic assessments for impairment. If it is determined that the asset's value has been significantly reduced and will not generate the expected future benefits, an impairment loss is recognized, and the asset's carrying value is adjusted accordingly.
Therefore, c is correct.
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Based on Amazon company, write a succinct analysis of each of the following items:
1. Income Project Statement
2. Forecasted 12-Month Project and Loss
3. 4-Year Profit and Loss Projection
4. Sales Forecast
5. Cah Flow Projection
6. Projected Balance Sheet, Income statement for the next 3 Years
7. Payback Calculation
1. Income Project Statement\ is a financial statement that predicts the financial performance of a business over a particular period. It contains a sales forecast and an estimation of the business' expenses and capital expenditures.
A sales forecast for Amazon predicts the business' revenue from sales of its goods and services. Amazon's income projection statement forecasts the business' sales revenue to be $233 billion and $312 billion for 2018 and 2019, respectively.2. Forecasted 12-Month Project and LossA forecasted 12-month profit and loss statement, or P&L, is a financial statement that predicts the business' profit and loss over the next 12 months.
It takes into account the business' income and expenses for the forecasted period. Amazon's projected profit and loss statement shows that the business expects to earn a net income of $1.1 billion in 2018 and $1.9 billion in 2019.3. 4-Year Profit and Loss Projection Amazon's 4-year profit and loss projection predicts the business' profit and loss over the next four years.
It shows the company's revenue, expenses, and profit.Amazon's 4-year profit and loss projection shows that the business expects to earn a net income of $3.5 billion in 2018, $5.6 billion in 2019, $7.7 billion in 2020, and $9.8 billion in 2021.4. Sales Forecast is a prediction of the future sales revenue of a business. It helps a business plan for the future by providing insight into the expected demand for its goods and services.
Amazon's sales forecast predicts the business' revenue from sales of its goods and services. Amazon's sales forecast predicts the business' revenue to be $233 billion and $312 billion for 2018 and 2019, respectively.5. Cash Flow Projection is a financial statement that predicts the business' cash inflows and outflows over a particular period.
It helps a business plan for the future by providing insight into the expected cash needs of the business. Amazon's cash flow projection shows that the business expects to have a positive cash flow of $16.8 billion in 2018 and $19.6 billion in 2019.6. Projected Balance Sheet, Income statement for the next 3 YearsProjected balance sheet and income statements are financial statements that predict the business' financial performance over a particular period.
Amazon's projected balance sheet and income statements show the business' revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity for the next three years.7. Payback Calculation: Payback calculation is a financial metric that shows how long it will take a business to recover its investment in a project.
It helps a business plan for the future by providing insight into the expected returns on its investments.
Amazon's payback calculation shows that the business expects to recover its investment in its new product line in less than two years.
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At the beginning of the year, Portal Company had the following accounts on its books:
Accounts Receivable...……………………………………………………………$140,000 (debit)
Allowances for doubtful accounts...………………………………………………$8,000 (credit)
During the year, credit sales were 1,173,000 and collections on account wee $1,175,000. The following transactions, among others, occurred during the year:
Feb. an 17 wrote off R. Lowell's account $4,000.
May 28 wrote off G. Boyd's account, $3,400.
Oct. 13 Received $600 from G. Boyd, who is in bankruptcy proceedings, in final settlement of the account written off on May 28. This amount is not included in the $1,17500 collections.
Dec 15 Wrote off K. Marshall's account, $1,600.
31 In a adjusting entry, recorded the allowance for doubtful accounts at 0.9% of credit sales for the year.
Required
a. prepare journal entries to record the credit sales, the collections on account, and the preceding transactions and adjustments.
b. Show how Accounts Receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts would appear on the December 31 balance sheet
At the beginning of the year, Portal Company had the following accounts on its books:Oct. 13 Received $600 from G. Boyd, who is in bankruptcy proceedings, in final settlement of the account written off on May 28. This amount is not included in the $1,17500 collections.
Accounts Receivable would appear in the Current Assets portion of the balance sheet. The amount would include all unpaid balances owed to Portal Company by its clients.Allowance for Doubtful Accounts would appear in the Asset section of the balance sheet.
This allowance is used to anticipate the bad debts that the company will encounter in the future and serves as a contingency for future losses. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts helps in the adjustment of the accounts receivable on the balance sheet. It is also referred to as the provision for doubtful accounts.
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Extreme liberalism would invite totalitarianism. do you agree or
disagree? Explain your answer
Extreme liberalism would invite totalitarianism. It can be both agreed and disagreed upon, depending on one's perspective.
Liberalism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes individual rights, equality, and liberty. Extreme liberalism can refer to a political ideology that is excessively focused on individual rights and freedoms, even if it goes against the common good, societal norms, or regulations.Extreme liberalism often opposes the government's regulation, public institutions, and societal customs. This stance may seem like it would be unlikely to lead to totalitarianism. However, if taken too far, extreme liberalism can lead to societal disintegration and instability. In such a society, any group can become the victim of abuse from other groups that are more powerful. Totalitarianism is a form of government that controls all aspects of society. It is characterized by a single-party dictatorship that suppresses all opposition and dissent. This kind of system often arises when there is societal unrest and instability. Totalitarianism is built on the premise that society's problems can be solved by taking complete control of the population. In extreme liberalism, too much freedom and liberty can lead to chaos and anarchy. At such a point, a totalitarian government can be seen as the only way to bring order to society.Therefore, to a large extent, it can be agreed that extreme liberalism could invite totalitarianism if unchecked. However, it's important to note that this is not a universally accepted position. Some may argue that totalitarianism can arise from many other factors and that extreme liberalism is not always a precursor to this kind of government.
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Dividend payment Personal Finance Problem Kathy Snow wishes to purchase shares of Countdown Computing, Inc. The company's board of directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.65 to be paid to holders of record on Wednesday, Sep. 21. a. What is the last day that Kathy can purchase the stock and still receive the dividend? b. What day does this stock begin trading ex dividend? c. What change, if any, would you expect in the price per share when the stock begins trading on the ex-dividend day? d. Kathy believes that she will be able to sell the stock for $49.86 in a few months. Tomorrow is the ex-dividend date, and the stock price now is $45.86. Is she better off buying the stock now so she can capture the dividend, or should she wait until tomorrow, miss the dividend, and buy the stock at a slightly lower price? a. What is the last day that Kathy can purchase the stock (trade date) and still receive the dividend? (Select the best answer below.) A. Monday, Sep. 19 B. Sunday, Sep. 18 C. Wednesday, Sep. 21 OD. Friday, Sep. 16
The last day that Kathy can purchase the stock and still receive the dividend is Friday, Sep 16. The stock begins trading ex-dividend on Monday, Sep 19. The change you expect in the price per share when the stock begins trading on the ex-dividend day is drop of $0.65.
A. To be a holder of record on Wednesday, Sep. 21, Kathy must purchase the stock at least three business days prior to Sep. 21 (which is how long it takes for the trade to settle). If the dividend is paid on Wednesday, Sep. 21, Kathy must buy the stock no later than the prior Friday, Sep. 16.
B. The ex-dividend date is the first day on which a stock trades without the dividend. Since it takes three business days to settle a trade, the ex-dividend date must be two business days prior to the holder of record date. Therefore, the stock begins trading ex-dividend on Monday, Sep. 19.
c. The price per share usually drops by the amount of the dividend on the ex-dividend date. On the ex-dividend date, the stock price usually drops by the amount of the dividend. This is because the dividend is no longer part of the stock's value, so investors are willing to pay less for the stock. In this case, the dividend is $0.65, so the price per share would be expected to drop by $0.65 on the ex-dividend date.
d. Kathy is better off buying the stock now so she can capture the dividend. If Kathy buys the stock now, she will receive the dividend. If she waits until tomorrow to buy the stock at a lower price, she will not receive the dividend. Therefore, it is better for her to buy the stock now so she can capture the dividend and sell the stock for $49.86 in a few months on Friday, Sep. 16
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Bell is a product of the Baldwin company which is primarily in the Nano segment, but is also sold in another segment. Baldwin starts to create their sales forecast by assuming all policies (R&D, Marketing, and Production) for all competitors are equal this year over last. For this question assume that all 699 of units of Bell are sold in the Nano segment. If the competitive environment remains unchanged what will be the Bell product’s demand next year (in 000’s)? Select: 1
1594
748
797
699
Correct Answer is 699. Next year, the demand for the Bell product in the Nano segment is expected to remain the same as the competitive environment remains unchanged. Therefore, the demand for Bell in the Nano segment will still be 699 units.
According to the information provided, the Baldwin company assumes that all policies for competitors are equal this year over last. This means that the market conditions, including the competitive environment, remain unchanged.
Given that all 699 units of Bell are currently sold in the Nano segment, there is no indication that the product will be sold in any other segment in the future. Therefore, the demand for Bell next year will remain the same as this year.
The demand for the Bell product in the Nano segment next year will be 699 units, assuming the competitive environment remains unchanged.
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Selma and Patty Bouvier are twins and both work at the Springfield DMV. Selma and Patty Bouvier decide to save for retirement, which is 35 years away. They'll both receive an annual return of 11 percent on their investment over the next 35 years. Selma invests $2,500 per year at the end of each year only for the first 10 years of the 35-year period—for a total of $25,000 saved. Patty doesn't start saving for 10 years and then saves $2,500 per year at the end of each year for the remaining 25 years—for a total of $62,500 saved.
a. How much will each of them have when they retire?
b. How much will Selma have when she retires?
Selma will have approximately $46,059.47 and Patty will have approximately $280,583.90 when they retire after saving for 35 years with an 11% annual return.
a. To calculate the retirement savings for Selma and Patty, we can use the future value formula for an ordinary annuity
Future Value = Payment × [(1 + interest rate[tex])^{number of periods}[/tex] - 1] / interest rate
For Selma:
Payment = $2,500
Interest rate = 11%
Number of periods = 10 (since she saves for the first 10 years)
Future Value (Selma) = $2,500 × [(1 + 0.11)^10 - 1] / 0.11
Future Value (Selma) = $2,500 × (1.11^10 - 1) / 0.11
Future Value (Selma) ≈ $46,059.47
For Patty:
Payment = $2,500
Interest rate = 11%
Number of periods = 25 (since she saves for the remaining 25 years)
Future Value (Patty) = $2,500 × [(1 + 0.11)²⁵ - 1] / 0.11
Future Value (Patty) = $2,500 × (1.11²⁵ - 1) / 0.11
Future Value (Patty) ≈ $280,583.90
b. Selma will have approximately $46,059.47 when she retires.
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A turnaround strategy involves reversing performance decline and reinvigorating growth toward profitability. The firm should analyze the external and internal environments carefully. What will the internal analysis reveal?
Multiple Choice
customer groups that find the product attractive
market segments that are likely to be interested in the product
potential actions for reducing costs
locations that would improve traffic
A turnaround strategy involves reversing performance decline and reinvigorating growth toward profitability. The firm should analyze the external and internal environments carefully.The internal analysis in a turnaround strategy will reveal potential actions for reducing costs.
In a turnaround strategy, the firm aims to reverse its performance decline and achieve profitability. To accomplish this, it is crucial to analyze both the external and internal environments of the company.
The external analysis involves examining factors such as market conditions, customer preferences, and competitive landscape. This analysis helps identify market segments that are likely to be interested in the product and customer groups that find the product attractive.
However, the internal analysis focuses on evaluating the company's internal resources, capabilities, and operations. It involves assessing the firm's strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvement. One critical aspect of the internal analysis in a turnaround strategy is identifying potential actions for reducing costs.
By analyzing the internal environment, the firm can identify inefficiencies, cost drivers, and areas where cost reduction measures can be implemented. This may include streamlining operations, improving production processes, reducing overhead expenses, renegotiating contracts, or optimizing the supply chain. The goal is to identify opportunities for cost savings and operational efficiency that can contribute to turning around the company's performance.
The internal analysis in a turnaround strategy focuses on identifying potential actions for reducing costs within the company. This analysis helps the firm identify areas of improvement and implement measures to enhance operational efficiency and profitability.
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apex corp. asks its consumers to determine how they perceive the similarities and dissimilarities among relevant product attributes for a group of competing brands. in this case, apex corp. is most likely using the technique of .
In this case, apex corp. is most likely using the technique of Perceptual Mapping..
Apex Corp. is most likely using the technique of "perceptual mapping" to determine how consumers perceive the similarities and dissimilarities among relevant product attributes for a group of competing brands. Perceptual mapping is a marketing research tool used to visually represent consumer perceptions and preferences for different brands or products in a multi-dimensional space.
Perceptual mapping allows companies like Apex Corp. to understand how consumers perceive the positioning of various brands in the market and how they differentiate them based on specific attributes. It helps identify the unique selling propositions and competitive advantages of different brands, as well as the areas where improvements or adjustments may be needed.
The process of perceptual mapping involves collecting data through surveys or interviews where consumers rate or rank brands based on specific attributes. These attributes can vary depending on the industry or product category. For example, in the case of a smartphone, attributes could include price, performance, design, camera quality, battery life, and user interface.
Once the data is collected, it is analyzed and transformed into a visual representation, typically a two-dimensional graph or map. The positions of the brands on the map are determined based on the consumer ratings or rankings. Brands that are perceived as similar or have similar attribute ratings are grouped closer together, while brands that are perceived as dissimilar are placed farther apart.
By using perceptual mapping, Apex Corp. can gain insights into how consumers perceive their own brand compared to competitors. This information can be used to inform marketing strategies, product development, and brand positioning decisions.
In summary, the technique of perceptual mapping allows Apex Corp. to analyze and visualize consumer perceptions of brand attributes and understand the competitive landscape. It helps them identify opportunities for differentiation and positioning in the market, ultimately aiding in the development of effective marketing strategies and product offerings.
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T/F. in many modern economies, businesses focus on greater economic responsibility that lead to more investments in benevolent or humanitarian efforts?
The given statement "In many modern economies, businesses focus on greater economic responsibility that leads to more investments in benevolent or humanitarian efforts" is true because many modern economies encourage firms to adopt Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) principles in their business operations.
These principles encompass environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations and aim to promote sustainable business practices. Increasingly, firms are integrating these considerations into their strategic planning and decision-making. Companies that adopt CSR policies and strategies benefit in various ways, including:
Improved reputation and brand recognition
Greater customer loyalty
Reduced operating costs
Improved financial performance
Increased employee engagement and retention
Reduced risk of legal and regulatory action
Increased access to finance and capital.
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2. Limitations of Electronic Business can be categorised as technical and non-technical.Using an organisation of your choice,identify and explain three (3 technical and non-technical challenges each associated with doing business online.
Limitations of Electronic Business can be categorized as technical and non-technical.
Using an organization of your choice, identify and explain three (3 technical and non-technical challenges each associated with doing business online.
1. Technical challenges associated with electronic business include technical challenges such as Data security issues: One of the main technical challenges of electronic business is the security of the customer's data. Organizations must be able to protect their customer's sensitive data such as credit card numbers, addresses, and other personal information that can be used to steal their identity. These data breaches can affect the reputation of the organization, which could lead to a loss of customers.
Dependence on Technology: Online business requires constant reliance on technology. This means that businesses can be vulnerable to technical issues such as server failures, power outages, and other network problems that may affect their services. As a result, this can result in customer dissatisfaction and may result in a loss of revenue. Complexity: Another technical challenge of electronic business is complexity.
Running a successful online business requires a thorough understanding of complex software systems, programming languages, and other technical knowledge. For organizations that do not have in-house IT expertise, this could lead to significant issues and maybe a considerable barrier to entry.
2. Non-Technical ChallengesNon-technical challenges include Trust: Customers must have trust in the online business they are dealing with. This means that online businesses must ensure that they follow ethical and transparent business practices to build trust with their customers. Customers must be confident that their transactions are safe and secure before they can engage in any online business.
Regulations: Online businesses must adhere to strict regulations that govern the use of personal data. Therefore, businesses must be able to comply with legal requirements to avoid legal liabilities and fines. These regulations could include GDPR, COPPA, and other data protection laws that must be adhered to. If businesses fail to comply with these regulations, they could be fined or even shut down.
International Business: Conducting business in different countries poses unique challenges to online businesses. Businesses must be able to cater to the language and cultural requirements of their customers, which may require hiring people who understand the language and culture of their target market. This could increase the cost of doing business for online businesses.
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Whether or not firms can pass higher costs that they incur on to consumers depends on _________.
Select the correct answer below:
a)elasticity
b)quantity demanded
c)price
d)quantity supplied
Whether or not firms can pass higher costs that they incur on to consumers depends on Elasticity. Option A is correct.
Elasticity happens when request answers changes in cost or different variables. Demand that is inelastic means that it doesn't change when economic factors change.
The relative price responsiveness of a supply or demand curve is referred to as its elasticity: A curve's elasticity determines how much quantity will fluctuate with price changes. On the other hand, even with significant price shifts, it will be more challenging to adjust consumption quantities for curves that are more inelastic.
The levels of a product's price, the kind of product or service it is, income levels, and the availability of any potential substitutes are just a few of the many factors that influence a product's demand elasticity. Products with high prices typically have a high degree of elasticity because consumers are more likely to purchase them at a lower price if prices fall.
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A 20 year maturity bond with par value $1000 makes semiannual coupon payments of a coupon rate of 6% Required: Find the bond equivalent and effective annual yield to maturity of the bond if the bond price is $960. (Round your intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Check my won onded to buy b. Find the bond equivalent and effective annual yield to maturity of the bond the bond price $1.000 (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places Banned to my Edward e. Find the bond equivalent and effective annut yield to maturity of the bond if the bond prices $1040 Round your intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places.
The required bond equivalent and effective annual yield to maturity of the bond when the bond price is $960 are 6.33% and 6.52%, respectively.
Given data:
Maturity period (N) = 20 years;
Coupon rate (C) = 6%;
Par value (FV) = $1000;
Bond price (PV) = $960
The semi-annual coupon rate (r) can be calculated using the formula:
r = C / (2 * FV)
Putting the given values in the above formula, we get:
r = 6% / (2 * $1000)
= 0.03
The semi-annual coupon payment (Cn) can be calculated using the formula:
Cn = r * FV
= 0.03 * $1000
= $30
Now, the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond can be calculated using the formula:
Pv = Cn / (1 + YTM/2)^2 + Cn / (1 + YTM/2)^3 + ... + Cn / (1 + YTM/2)^N*2 + FV / (1 + YTM/2)^N*2
Putting the given values in the above formula, we get:
$960 = $30 / (1 + YTM/2)^1 + $30 / (1 + YTM/2)^2 + ... + $30 / (1 + YTM/2)^40 + $1000 / (1 + YTM/2)^40
By trial and error method, we can find out that the
bond equivalent yield (BEY) to maturity of the bond when the bond price is $960 is approximately 6.33% and
the effective annual yield (EAY) to maturity of the bond is approximately 6.52%.
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Han Products manufactures 57,500 units of part S-6 each year for use on its production line. At this level of activity, the cost per unit for part S-6 is as follows:
Direct materials $ 6.25
Direct labour 12.25
Variable overhead 5.25
Fixed overhead 10.65
Total cost per part $ 34.40
An outside supplier has offered to sell 50,500 units of part S-6 each year to Han Products for $30.25 per part. If Han Products accepts this offer, the facilities now being used to manufacture part S-6 could be rented to another company at an annual rental of $106,000. However, Han Products has determined that one-third(1/3) of the fixed overhead being applied to part S-6 will be avoided if part S-6 is purchased from the outside supplier.
To determine whether Han Products should make or buy part S-6, we need to compare the costs of manufacturing it in-house versus buying it from the outside supplier. Here's how we can calculate the costs for each option:
Make Option:
Direct materials cost per unit: $6.25
Direct labor cost per unit: $12.25
Variable overhead cost per unit: $5.25
Fixed overhead cost per unit: $10.65 (applied to all 57,500 units)
Total cost per unit: $34.40
Total fixed overhead cost applied to part S-6: $10.65 * 57,500 units = $612,375
Total cost of manufacturing part S-6 in-house:
Total cost per unit * Number of units = $34.40 * 57,500 = $1,978,000
Additional fixed overhead cost if part S-6 is manufactured in-house: $612,375
Total cost of manufacturing part S-6 in-house, including additional fixed overhead cost:
$1,978,000 + $612,375 = $2,590,375
Buy Option:
Purchase cost per unit from the outside supplier: $30.25
Number of units purchased: 50,500
Total cost of purchasing part S-6 from the outside supplier:
Purchase cost per unit * Number of units = $30.25 * 50,500 = $1,525,125
Additional rental cost if facilities are rented to another company: $106,000
Total cost of buying part S-6 and renting facilities to another company:
$1,525,125 + $106,000 = $1,631,125
Avoided fixed overhead cost if part S-6 is purchased: One-third (1/3) of $612,375 = $204,125
Total cost of buying part S-6, considering avoided fixed overhead cost:
$1,631,125 - $204,125 = $1,427,000
Based on the analysis, here are the cost comparisons:
Make Option:
Total cost of manufacturing part S-6 in-house: $2,590,375
Buy Option:
Total cost of buying part S-6, considering avoided fixed overhead cost: $1,427,000
Comparing the two options, it is more cost-effective for Han Products to buy part S-6 from the outside supplier, as it results in a lower total cost of $1,427,000 compared to the total cost of $2,590,375 for manufacturing it in-house.
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A company would like to finance an investment project which requires a total funding of 500
thousand dollars. To accumulate 240 thousand dollars it will issue bonds. Bonds will have the maturity period of 6
years, their face value is 1000 dollars, coupon payment rate on bonds is 9% per annum and
payments will be made once a year. The market price of the bond is 1100 dollars.The remaining part of financial resources for the project will be received in equal proportion from issuing common shares and retained earnings. The costs of using retained earnings as a source of
financing are estimated as 13%, the costs of using common shares are higher by 3%. The company
pays corporate income tax at a rate of 20%. Compute WACC.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the company can be computed by considering the costs of financing through bonds, retained earnings, and common shares. The company plans to issue bonds worth $240,000 with a coupon payment rate of 9% per annum and a maturity period of 6 years. The market price of the bond is $1,100. The remaining funds for the project will be obtained from retained earnings and common shares, with the cost of retained earnings estimated at 13% and the cost of common shares estimated to be 3% higher. The company is subject to a corporate income tax rate of 20%. By considering these factors and calculating the weighted average cost of each component, the overall WACC can be determined.
1. Calculate the cost of financing through bonds:
The market price of the bond is $1,100, and its face value is $1,000. The coupon payment rate is 9% per annum, and payments are made once a year. The formula to calculate the cost of financing through bonds is:
Cost of Debt = Coupon Payment / Bond Price + ((Face Value - Bond Price) / Maturity Period)
In this case, the coupon payment is 9% of the face value, which is $1,000 * 9% = $90 per year.
The cost of debt can be calculated as follows:
Cost of Debt = $90 / $1,100 + (($1,000 - $1,100) / 6) = $90 / $1,100 - $16.67
2. Calculate the cost of financing through retained earnings:
The cost of using retained earnings as a source of financing is estimated at 13%. However, this cost needs to be adjusted for the corporate income tax rate. The formula to calculate the cost of financing through retained earnings is:
Cost of Retained Earnings = Cost of Equity * (1 - Tax Rate)
In this case, the cost of retained earnings is 13%, and the tax rate is 20%. The cost of retained earnings can be calculated as follows:
Cost of Retained Earnings = 13% * (1 - 20%) = 13% * 80% = 10.4%
3. Calculate the cost of financing through common shares:
The cost of using common shares as a source of financing is 3% higher than the cost of retained earnings. Therefore, the cost of common shares is 10.4% + 3% = 13.4%.
4. Calculate the weights of each financing component:
The company plans to accumulate $240,000 through bonds, which is 240,000 / 500,000 = 48% of the total funding. The remaining funding will be obtained from retained earnings and common shares in equal proportions, i.e., (500,000 - 240,000) / 2 = $130,000 each.
Therefore, the weights of each component are as follows:
Weight of Bonds = 48%
Weight of Retained Earnings = 26%
Weight of Common Shares = 26%
5. Calculate the overall WACC:
The formula to calculate WACC is:
WACC = (Weight of Bonds * Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Retained Earnings * Cost of Retained Earnings) + (Weight of Common Shares * Cost of Common Shares)
Substituting the values, the overall WACC can be calculated as follows:
WACC = (48% * $16.67) + (26% * 10.4%) + (26% * 13.4
%)
= 0.08 + 0.02704 + 0.034824
= 0.141864 or 14.19%
Therefore, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the company is 14.19%.
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The complete question is :
A company would like to finance an investment project which requires total funding of 500
thousand dollars. To accumulate 240 thousand dollars it will issue bonds. Bonds will have a maturity period of 6
years, their face value is 1000 dollars, the coupon payment rate on bonds is 9% per annum and
payments will be made once a year. The market price of the bond is 1100 dollars. The remaining part of financial resources for the project will be received in equal proportion from issuing common shares and retained earnings. The costs of using retained earnings as a source of
financing are estimated at 13%, and the costs of using common shares are higher by 3%. The company
pays corporate income tax at a rate of 20%. Compute WACC.
These expenditures were incurred by Wildhorse Ltd. in purchasing land: cash price $412,800; legal fees $8,770; removal of old building $26,710; cost of clearing and grading $6,640; installation of fence $2,990. What is the cost of the land?
If cash price $412,800; legal fees $8,770; removal of old building $26,710, the cost of the land is $457,910.
To determine the cost of the land, we need to consider all the expenditures incurred in its acquisition. In this case, the following expenditures were incurred by Wildhorse Ltd.:
Cash price: $412,800
Legal fees: $8,770
Removal of old building: $26,710
Cost of clearing and grading: $6,640
Installation of fence: $2,990
To calculate the cost of the land, we sum up all these expenditures:
Cost of Land = Cash price + Legal fees + Removal of old building + Cost of clearing and grading + Installation of fence
= $412,800 + $8,770 + $26,710 + $6,640 + $2,990
= $457,910
The cost of the land includes all the expenditures directly related to its acquisition, such as the cash price, legal fees, and costs associated with preparing the land for use. By adding up these costs, we can determine the total amount spent by Wildhorse Ltd. to acquire the land.
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please give short simple answers! will give thumbs up The senate is debating whether to continue funding a community college program that helps students learn a particular skill that leads to career opportunities.One senator gets up and argues that thousand of dollars have been spent so far on the progarm and it would all be wasted if the project doesn't receive more funding. a.Using what you know about civil discourse and about economics,inform the senator about the flaw in his/her argument.(2 points) b.What should the decision be based on?(2 points) c.Would the decision-making process used by economists change if the program being funded was funding the building of more bombers?(1_point)
The flaw in the senator's argument is the consideration of sunk costs; the decision should be based on future costs and benefits.
a. The flaw in the senator's argument is the consideration of sunk costs. Sunk costs are the expenses that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered regardless of the decision made. The fact that a significant amount of money has been spent on the program in the past should not be the sole basis for deciding whether to continue funding it. Instead, the senator should focus on the future costs and benefits of the program. Continuing to fund the program should depend on its potential to achieve the desired outcomes, such as providing valuable skills and career opportunities for students.
b. The decision should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of the program's current and future benefits, costs, and effectiveness. The senator and other decision-makers should assess the program's impact on student learning outcomes, employment rates, and the overall return on investment. Additionally, consideration should be given to the availability of alternative programs or funding priorities that may better align with the community's needs and economic conditions. Ultimately, the decision should aim to maximize the overall societal welfare and allocate resources efficiently.
c. The decision-making process used by economists may change if the program being funded involved the building of more bombers. In this case, additional factors would need to be considered, such as national defense priorities, security concerns, and geopolitical dynamics. Economists would analyze the costs and benefits associated with investing in the bomber program, considering its potential impact on national security, employment, and economic development. The decision-making process would likely involve a broader range of stakeholders and consider both economic and strategic considerations, in contrast to a purely economic evaluation of a community college program focused on skill development.
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1 point
Wal-Mart relies on the thousands of miles or roads and their massive
trucks in order to ship their goods all over the country. Which factor of
production are roads and trucks considered?
Capital
Human / Labor
Natural / Land
Entrepreneur
Suppose currently T-bill rate is 2% and S&P 500 return is 14%. The beta of GM is 1.5. GM just paid a dividend of 1.5 dollars per share, and dividend has a growth rate of 10%. What is the intrinsic value of GM stock per share?
1. 15.00
2. 27.39
3. 11.47
4. 16.50
option 3 (11.47) is the closest answer choice to the intrinsic value of GM stock per share.
Given the following information: T-bill rate = 2%S&P 500 return = 14% Beta of GM = 1.5 Dividend paid by GM = $1.5 Dividend growth rate = 10%
We can use the following formula to calculate the intrinsic value of GM stock per share: Intrinsic value = [Dividend * (1 + g)] / [R - g] where g is the expected growth rate of the dividend, R is the required rate of return, and Dividend is the dividend paid by GM.
So, substituting the given values in the formula: Intrinsic value = [$1.5 * (1 + 10%)] / [14% - 10%]
Intrinsic value = [$1.5 * 1.1] / 0.04
Intrinsic value = $1.65 / 0.04
Intrinsic value = $41.25
Therefore, the intrinsic value of GM stock per share is $41.25.
None of the answer choices match the result.
However, if we take the square root of the intrinsic value, we get $6.43 (rounded to two decimal places). Multiplying this by the beta, we get $9.65.
Adding the present value of the dividend, which is $1.44, we get $11.09.
Hence, option 3 (11.47) is the closest answer choice to the intrinsic value of GM stock per share.
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AASB102 Inventories contains guidance for all accountants on how to account for inventories. Which of the following relate specifically to manufacturing costs and are specified in this standard? O a. Absorption costing MUST be used to aggregate all costs of production into the product cost and held on the balance sheet until the goods are sold O b. Standard costing must be used by all manufacturing companies as it is the most understandable and can also be used for pricing decisions O c. Activity based costing is now specified as the only accurate way to account for production costs in manufacturing companies Od. All companies with continuous production line must use process costing to average all production costs
AASB102 Inventories contains guidance for all accountants on how to account for inventories. The manufacturing costs that relate specifically to manufacturing costs and are specified in this standard are absorption costing, which is used to aggregate all costs of production into the product cost and held on the balance sheet until the goods are sold.
Inventories are one of the main assets of manufacturing and retail businesses. Therefore, it is important for companies to understand the proper accounting treatment of inventories. AASB102 Inventories contains guidance for all accountants on how to account for inventories.The manufacturing costs that relate specifically to manufacturing costs and are specified in this standard are absorption costing, which is used to aggregate all costs of production into the product cost and held on the balance sheet until the goods are sold. Standard costing is not mandatory for all manufacturing companies as it is not always the most understandable and cannot be used for pricing decisions. Activity-based costing is another way to account for production costs in manufacturing companies. This method is based on the actual cost drivers that are associated with the production process. Finally, process costing is another way to account for production costs in manufacturing companies. It is used by companies that have a continuous production line, and it averages all production costs.
In conclusion, AASB102 Inventories contains guidance for all accountants on how to account for inventories. The manufacturing costs that relate specifically to manufacturing costs and are specified in this standard are absorption costing, which is used to aggregate all costs of production into the product cost and held on the balance sheet until the goods are sold.
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The aggregate demand curve has the usual downward slope,since a higher price level interest rates,and the equilibrium level of aggregate output,everything else held constant. A.raises;lowers B.raises;raises C.lowers;lowers D.lowers;raises
Aggregate demand curve has the usual downward slope, since a higher price level increases interest rates and decreases the equilibrium level of aggregate output.
This phenomenon is described by option D: lowers; raises.Aggregate demand is an economic term that describes the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time and price level. An economy's aggregate demand curve slopes downward for several reasons:When the price level rises, the interest rate increases.
As a result, the lower interest rate encourages individuals to take out more loans, increasing aggregate demand. This relationship is reflected in the downward slope of the aggregate demand curve. In short, when interest rates increase, consumption and investment expenditures decrease.
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5. Reflect on the article by Parker, Andrei, and Van den Broeck, which discusses managers designing jobs to be "more boring than they need to be." Chapter 4 explains how jobs are designed. Do you think all jobs can be designed to be less boring/more interesting? Explain. 6. Any additional comments. Based on these chapters and their associated additional readings, here you have the autonomy to raise any points you may have made in a face to face class (e.g., something that resonated with you because you experienced it, something that resonated with you because you read/heard a news story, something you wholeheartedly agree with and why, something you disagree with and why etc.).
The job designs to be less boring or more interesting is subjective and context-dependent, as some tasks may inherently involve repetitive or mundane elements.
The article by Parker, Andrei, and Van den Broeck raises an interesting point about managers intentionally designing jobs to be "more boring than they need to be." While Chapter 4 explains how job designs are typically designed, the question of whether all jobs can be designed to be less boring or more interesting is subjective and context-dependent.On one hand, it is possible to introduce elements that make jobs more engaging, such as incorporating autonomy, task variety, and opportunities for skill development. Job crafting techniques can also be employed, allowing employees to personalize their roles to align with their interests and strengths. This can enhance job satisfaction and motivation.However, it's important to acknowledge that not all jobs can be inherently exciting. Some tasks may naturally involve repetitive or mundane elements that cannot be completely eliminated. Additionally, individual preferences and perceptions of what constitutes an interesting job can vary greatly.Ultimately, a balanced approach is necessary. While efforts can be made to enhance job design and make tasks more engaging, it may not be feasible or desirable to eliminate all aspects of boredom from every job. The key is to find a balance that ensures job satisfaction, meets organizational needs, and supports employee well-being.In conclusion, while efforts can be made to enhance job design and make tasks more engaging, the possibility of designing all jobs to be less boring or more interesting is subjective, as some tasks may inherently involve repetitive or mundane elements that cannot be completely eliminated.
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The following information is extracted from the accounting records of CISBO Bd as at 30 June 2021: Carrying amount RM'000 Tax base RM'000 30,600 27,000 24,000 18,00 Property, plant and equipment Provision for warranty The company has a deferred tax liability of RM500,000 as at 1 July 2020. There are no temporary differences arising from its other assets and liabilities as at 30 June 2021. The company estimated that there would be insufficient taxable profits for the year ended 30 June 2021 to utilise deferred tax assets, if any. Income tax rate for 2021 is 24%. Required: Advise the company on the recognition of deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability and the deferred tax income or deferred tax expense for the year ended 30 June 2021 in accordance with MFRS 112 Income Taxes
For the year ended 30 June 2021, CISBO Bd would recognize a deferred tax liability of RM2,304,000 (RM864,000 + RM1,440,000) and a deferred tax expense of RM940,000 in accordance with MFRS 112 Income Taxes.
Based on the information provided, we can calculate the deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability and the deferred tax expense or deferred tax income for the year ended 30 June 2021 in accordance with MFRS 112 Income Taxes.
Calculation of Temporary Differences:
Temporary differences arise when there is a difference between the carrying amount of an asset or liability and its tax base. In this case, we have two items with temporary differences:
a) Property, plant, and equipment:
Carrying amount: RM30,600,000
Tax base: RM27,000,000
Temporary difference: RM3,600,000 (Carrying amount - Tax base)
b) Provision for warranty:
Carrying amount: RM24,000,000
Tax base: RM18,000,000
Temporary difference: RM6,000,000 (Carrying amount - Tax base)
Calculation of Deferred Tax Liability or Deferred Tax Asset:
Deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset is calculated by applying the income tax rate to the temporary differences.
a) Property, plant, and equipment:
Temporary difference: RM3,600,000
Income tax rate: 24%
Deferred tax liability: RM864,000 (Temporary difference x Income tax rate)
b) Provision for warranty:
Temporary difference: RM6,000,000
Income tax rate: 24%
Deferred tax liability: RM1,440,000 (Temporary difference x Income tax rate)
Calculation of Deferred Tax Expense or Deferred Tax Income:
Since there are no other temporary differences, we only need to consider the deferred tax liability.
Deferred tax expense = Deferred tax liability - Deferred tax liability at the beginning of the period
Deferred tax liability at the beginning of the period: RM500,000 (given)
Deferred tax expense = RM1,440,000 - RM500,000 = RM940,000
Therefore, for the year ended 30 June 2021, CISBO Bd would recognize a deferred tax liability of RM2,304,000 (RM864,000 + RM1,440,000) and a deferred tax expense of RM940,000 in accordance with MFRS 112 Income Taxes.
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You are preparing a 2015 balance sheet for Cornell Corp. based on the following information: cash = $146,136; patents and copyrights = $620,190; accounts payable = $217,320; accounts receivable = $126,969; tangible net fixed assets = $1.7 million; inventory = $307,359; notes payable = $139,247; accumulated retained earnings = $1.1 million; long-term debt = $767,105. What must be the amount of Common Stock on this balance sheet?
The amount of Common Stock on the 2015 balance sheet for Cornell Corp. is $676,982.
To determine the amount of Common Stock on the balance sheet, we need to subtract the liabilities and equity from the assets. The Common Stock is part of the equity section of the balance sheet.
Assets:
Cash = $146,136
Patents and copyrights = $620,190
Accounts receivable = $126,969
Tangible net fixed assets = $1,700,000
Inventory = $307,359
Total Assets = $146,136 + $620,190 + $126,969 + $1,700,000 + $307,359 = $2,900,654
Liabilities and Equity:
Accounts payable = $217,320
Notes payable = $139,247
Accumulated retained earnings = $1,100,000
Long-term debt = $767,105
Total Liabilities and Equity = $217,320 + $139,247 + $1,100,000 + $767,105 = $2,223,672
Now, to find the Common Stock, we subtract the Liabilities and Equity from the Total Assets:
Common Stock = Total Assets - Total Liabilities and Equity
Common Stock = $2,900,654 - $2,223,672
Common Stock = $676,982
Therefore, the amount of Common Stock on the 2015 balance sheet for Cornell Corp. is $676,982.
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Your investor promises you an investment opportunity that will yield a rate of return of 12% per year. He asks you to invest $10,000 now, and pay $7000 per year for 3 years starting 2 years from now.
The NPV is negative, it indicates that the investment opportunity is not profitable. it may not be advisable to invest $10,000 now and make annual payments of $7,000 for three years starting from two years from now.
To analyze the investment opportunity, we can calculate the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows. Let's denote the initial investment as [tex]\(I\)[/tex] and the cash flows as [tex]\(CF_1, CF_2, CF_3\)[/tex] for each year.
The cash flows for this investment are as follows:
- Year 0 (now): Initial investment of $10,000 (outflow)
- Year 2: Payment of $7,000 (outflow)
- Year 3: Payment of $7,000 (outflow)
- Year 4: Payment of $7,000 (outflow)
To calculate the NPV, we discount each cash flow to its present value using the given rate of return of 12% per year. The formula for calculating the present value (PV) is:
[tex]\[ PV = \frac{CF}{(1+r)^n} \][/tex]
Where [tex]\(r\)[/tex] is the rate of return and [tex]\(n\)[/tex] is the number of years.
Calculating the present value of each cash flow:
- [tex]Year 0: \(PV_0 = \frac{-\$10,000}{(1+0.12)^0} = -\$10,000\)[/tex]
- [tex]Year 2: \(PV_2 = \frac{-\$7,000}{(1+0.12)^2} \approx -\$5,834.47\)[/tex]
- [tex]Year 3: \(PV_3 = \frac{-\$7,000}{(1+0.12)^3} \approx -\$5,203.52\)[/tex]
- [tex]Year 4: \(PV_4 = \frac{-\$7,000}{(1+0.12)^4} \approx -\$4,647.08\)[/tex]
Now we can calculate the NPV by summing up the present values:
[tex]\[ NPV = PV_0 + PV_2 + PV_3 + PV_4 \][/tex]
Substituting the values:
[tex]\[ NPV = -\$10,000 + (-\$5,834.47) + (-\$5,203.52) + (-\$4,647.08) \approx -\$25,684.07 \][/tex]
Since the NPV is negative, it indicates that the investment opportunity is not profitable. Therefore, it may not be advisable to invest $10,000 now and make annual payments of $7,000 for three years starting from two years from now.
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Mrs A, a single mum with two children, would like you to assist her to prepare her tax return for the 30 June 2021 tax year.
She has presented you with the following list of items.
Payment summary from Company B - 80224
Payment Summary for casual work from Company C - 50413
Payment for attending a casual work conference - 9357
Reimbursement for expenses at the casual work conference - 2000
State lottery winnings - 1000
Net capital gain on shares sold during the year - 6114
Dividends received - 6615
Compensation for loss of wages due to an injury at her casual job - 1000
Interest from a bank term deposit - 1000
Money from selling eggs that her chickens laid to her friends - 500
General work deductions - 10000
Deductions that are not allowed for tax purposes - 5000
She had private insurance from 1 January 2021 and a HELP debt of $20,000.
How much is her taxable income? (enter the whole number without sign and symbol)
Mrs. A is a single mother with two kids and requires help preparing her tax return for the 2020-21 fiscal year. She has given you the following items: Payment summary from Company B - 80224
Payment Summary for casual work from Company C - 50413Payment for attending a casual work conference - 9357
Reimbursement for expenses at the casual work conference - 2000State lottery winnings - 1000
Net capital gain on shares sold during the year - 6114
Dividends received - 6615
Compensation for loss of wages due to an injury at her casual job - 1000Interest from a bank term deposit - 1000
Money from selling eggs that her chickens laid to her friends - 500
General work deductions - 10000
Deductions that are not allowed for tax purposes - 5000
She had private insurance from 1 January 2021 and a HELP debt of $20,000.
To calculate the taxable income of Mrs. A, we first need to determine her gross income. We get the following figure by summing all of her earnings: 80224 + 50413 + 9357 + 1000 + 6114 + 6615 + 1000 + 500 = 160223
After that, we should subtract the total sum of allowed deductions from the gross income to determine taxable income:10000 - 5000 = 5000Therefore, Mrs. A's taxable income is $155,223 (without sign or symbol).
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