A system with 4 queues for Machines: (a) The utilization is below one because the average time spent in each machine is less than the time it takes for a job to arrive. (b) The average numbers of jobs in Machines 1, 2, 3, and 4: 1800 jobs, 1080 jobs, 1440 jobs, 720 jobs. (c) The average (total) number of jobs: 5040 jobs.
(a) The utilization of each machine is below one because the average time spent in each machine is less than the time it takes for a job to arrive, indicating that the machines are not fully occupied at all times.
(b) The average numbers of jobs in Machines 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be calculated using Little's Law, which states that the average number of jobs in a system is equal to the average arrival rate multiplied by the average time spent in the system.
Machine 1: Average number of jobs = Arrival rate × Time spent = (360 jobs/hour) × (5 minutes/job) = 1800 jobs
Machine 2: Average number of jobs = Arrival rate × Time spent = (360 jobs/hour) × (3 minutes/job) = 1080 jobs
Machine 3: Average number of jobs = Arrival rate × Time spent = (360 jobs/hour) × (4 minutes/job) = 1440 jobs
Machine 4: Average number of jobs = Arrival rate × Time spent = (360 jobs/hour) × (2 minutes/job) = 720 jobs
(c) The average number of jobs in the system can be obtained by summing the average numbers of jobs in each machine:
Average number of jobs in the system = Average number of jobs in Machine 1 + Average number of jobs in Machine 2 + Average number of jobs in Machine 3 + Average number of jobs in Machine 4
= 1800 + 1080 + 1440 + 720 = 5040 jobs.
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Complete question:
Consider a system with 4 queues for Machines 1, 2, 3, and 4 in series. A job visits Machine 1, Machine 2, Machine 3, and Machine 4 and then leaves the system. The system has roughly 360 jobs arriving per hour. On average, jobs spend 5 minutes in Machine 1, 3 minutes in Machine 2, 4 minutes in Machine 3, and 2 minutes in Machine 4. (All times include waiting time and time in service.)
(a) (5 points) Is utilization of each machine below one? Why or why not? (Please include your reasoning clearly in the written solution.)
(b) (8 points) What are the average numbers of jobs in Machines 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively (including those in the queue and in service)?
(c) (2 points) What is the average (total) number of jobs in the system?
Healthy Plants Ltd. (HP) produces its premium plant food in 60-pound bags. Demand for the product is 138,000 pounds per week. HP operates 50 weeks per year and can produce 230,000 pounds per week. The setup cost is $220 and the annual holding cost rate is $0.52 per bag. Currently, HP produces its premium plant food in batches of 950,000 pounds. Calculate the total annual costs of this operating policy. $ (Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25. Do not round your intermediate computations.)
The total annual costs of Healthy Plants Ltd.'s operating policy is $1,995,452.48.
What are the total annual costs of Healthy Plants Ltd.'s?To get total annual costs, we have to consider the setup cost, holding cost, and production capacity of Healthy Plants Ltd.
Number of production cycles = Total demand / Batch size
Number of production cycles = 138,000 pounds per week * 50 weeks / 950,000 pounds
Number of production cycles = 7.263
Annual setup cost = Setup cost * Number of production cycles
Annual setup cost = $220 * 7.263
Annual setup cost ≈ $1,590.78
Annual holding cost = Batch size * Holding cost rate * Number of production cycles / 2
Annual holding cost = 950,000 pounds * $0.52 per bag * 7.263 / 2
Annual holding cost ≈ $1,993,861.70
Total annual costs = Annual setup cost + Annual holding cost
Total annual costs ≈ $1,590.78 + $1,993,861.70
Total annual costs ≈ $1,995,452.48.
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Which of the following is an account that is shown on the balance sheet for a merchandiser but not on the balance sheet of a service business?
A.Sales Discounts Forfeited
B.UNearned Revenue
C.Estimated Returns Inventory
D.Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold is an account that is shown on the balance sheet for a merchandiser but not on the balance sheet of a service business. The correct option is D.
A merchandiser's balance sheet includes the cost of goods sold account, but a service business' balance sheet does not. The costs directly related to creating or acquiring the products that a merchandiser sells are reflected in this account. It includes the price of labor, raw materials and overhead directly related to the creation or acquisition of the goods.
The merchandiser determines its gross profit by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the money received from sales. This distinction is crucial because service businesses typically don't have tangible products to sell and don't have a cost of goods sold as a result.
As opposed to merchandisers, service businesses typically concentrate on offering their clients intangible services, which do not require the same considerations for inventory and production. The correct option is D.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed social as well as economic life. What were some of the specific "social" and "economic" changes that took place as a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the United States, Russia, and Latin America? How were they different? How were they similar? And, which group (for example, women, workers, children, the elderly, the disabled, racial and ethnic groups, etc...) do you think benefited the most then, and are they still benefiting now?
The workers and laborers who worked in the factories did not benefit much. However, over time, the situation has improved, and the workers and laborers have been able to secure better working conditions and wages.
The Industrial Revolution brought about tremendous changes in the social and economic lives of people. The revolution started in the mid-1700s in Europe and the United States and then spread to Russia and Latin America. It transformed the agricultural societies of the time into modern industrial societies and also helped to increase economic growth, improve health, and reduce poverty. The Industrial Revolution brought in its wake a lot of changes in society and the economy.
The social and economic changes that took place as a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the United States, Russia, and Latin America can be analyzed as follows :Economic Changes Europe and the United States benefited greatly from the Industrial Revolution. It enabled them to manufacture goods on a large scale and helped them to expand their markets. The revolution led to the growth of factories, which enabled mass production. The workers were paid wages and were not dependent on farming for their livelihood anymore.
Russia and Latin America were unable to keep up with the pace of industrialization in Europe and the United States. They remained primarily agrarian societies. Russia remained backward due to the political and economic structure of the country. Latin America remained backward due to the social and political structure of the continent. Social Changes The Industrial Revolution also brought about significant social changes.
The changes were different in different countries. In Europe and the United States, the standard of living of the people improved significantly. The rise of factories and manufacturing industries led to the growth of towns and cities, and people from rural areas migrated to these towns and cities. This led to the development of new social classes, which included factory owners and industrialists.
Women and children were also employed in the factories as laborers. In Russia, the industrial revolution did not lead to significant social changes. The country remained an autocracy, and the working conditions of the laborers remained poor. In Latin America, the industrial revolution led to the development of new social classes, including the urban middle class, the working class, and the rural peasantry.
The growth of these new classes led to significant social changes, including the emergence of political movements that advocated for change. In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution had far-reaching consequences for society and the economy. It led to significant social and economic changes in different parts of the world. The changes were different in different countries. The benefits of the industrial revolution were enjoyed mainly by the factory owners and industrialists.
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which of the following is an example of a nonfinancial measure for customer satisfaction?
A) Average manufacturing time for for key products
B) Contribution margin
C) Percentage of products that fail soon after delivery
D) Number of employees trained on managing bottleneck operations
Average manufacturing time for key products is an example of a nonfinancial measure for customer satisfaction. Option A is correct.
The correct answer is A) Average manufacturing time for key products. This is an example of a nonfinancial measure for customer satisfaction because it focuses on the efficiency and timeliness of the manufacturing process, which can indirectly impact customer satisfaction.
Nonfinancial measures are indicators that provide insight into aspects of business performance beyond monetary figures. In this case, reducing manufacturing time can lead to faster product delivery, improved customer service, and potentially higher customer satisfaction. While options B, C, and D are all important performance measures, they are not directly related to customer satisfaction. Option A is correct.
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Calculate the following given the information in a four-sector macroeconomic model: Autonomous Consumption = 100 Tax = 10 Investment = 10 Government spending = 30 C Consumers spend 75c of each rand. a.) Macro-equilibrium income using the injection/leakage approach. b.) The new equilibrium income if investment increases with 20.
a) The value of the Macro-equilibrium income using the injection/leakage approach is Y = 160
b.) The new equilibrium income if investment increases with 20 is 240.
a) Macro-equilibrium income using the injection/leakage approach
In macroeconomic models, the equilibrium output is determined by comparing the total injections (I) to the total leakages (L).
The macroeconomic equilibrium is reached when the sum of the injections equals the sum of the leakages. In the model, the total injection is equal to the sum of investment (I), government spending (G) and exports (X), while total leakage is equal to the sum of savings (S), taxes (T), and imports (M).
Therefore, we have;
Total Injections = I + G + X= 10 + 30 + 0= 40
Total Leakages = S + T + M= (75/100)Y + 10 + (25/100)
Y= 0.75Y + 10 + 0.25
Y= 1Y + 10
Substituting the above total injections and leakages into the formula for macroeconomic equilibrium:
Total Injections = Total Leakages
I + G + X = S + T + M10 + 30 + 0 = (75/100)Y + 10 + (25/100)Y
Y = [10 + 30 + 10] / [1 - (0.75 + 0.25)]
Macro-equilibrium income, Y = 160
b) The new equilibrium income if investment increases with 20The multiplier is the value by which a change in any exogenous variable is multiplied to determine the equilibrium change in output.
In this case, an increase in investment by 20 will lead to an increase in equilibrium output, determined by the multiplier formula;
Multiplier, k = 1/ (1 - MPC) = 1/ (1 - 0.75) = 4
ΔY = kΔII = 10 + 20 = 30
ΔY = 4 * 20 = 80
The new equilibrium income is given by;New equilibrium income = Y + ΔY= 160 + 80= 240
Therefore, the new equilibrium income if investment increases with 20 is 240.
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Case study 1: Shoe Quota Concerns raised about the declining U.S. shoe industry and unfair labor practices in foreign shoe factories lead the Congress and President to impose a quota on shoe imports.
The case study "Shoe Quota Concerns" presents the declining U.S. shoe industry and unfair labor practices in foreign shoe factories that led to Congress and the President imposing a quota on shoe imports. In 1986, the US shoe industry was declining because of the competition brought about by cheap foreign shoes.
This resulted in a reduction of jobs and wages for those in the US shoe industry, resulting in public outcry for a solution. The solution was for the government to impose a quota on foreign shoe imports, which the Congress and President agreed upon.
The United States government implemented a quota that specified that the number of shoe imports from foreign countries was limited to 58% of the previous year's import level. This would allow domestic producers to regain their lost market share, which would result in a positive impact on their businesses.
Critics argue that quotas hinder foreign competition and limit consumer choices, while advocates maintain that they protect American jobs. As a result of the shoe quota, importers shifted their focus to other countries with fewer restrictions, and the quota was lifted after four years.
In conclusion, this case study exemplifies how protectionist policies, such as quotas, can have both positive and negative impacts on domestic industries and the global economy.
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Suppose you own two Domino's Pizza franchises in your town. After reading the latest issue of Pizza Monthly, you have concluded that both of your locations are generating below average revenue. You hire a local economics professor to conduct a pricing experiment. Here is her report: Location 1: A 10% increase in price resulted in a 5% drop in the quantity demanded. Location 2: A 10% increase in the price resulted in a 20% drop in the quantity demanded. Using this information, how should you alter your pricing policy to increase your revenue at each location?
The effects of a 10% increase in price on the quantity demanded of two Domino's Pizza franchises in a town are as follows:
Location 1: The quantity demanded decreases by 5% as a result of a 10% increase in price.Location 2: The quantity demanded decreases by 20% as a result of a 10% increase in price. In order to increase revenue at each location, the following pricing policies should be implemented:
Location 1: Since the price elasticity of demand is less than one in Location 1, the company can increase its revenue by raising the price. When the price increases by 10%, the quantity demanded decreases by 5%. As a result, the price elasticity of demand is less than 1 (0.5), which indicates that the company may raise prices to increase its revenue.
Location 2: As the price elasticity of demand is more than one in Location 2, the company can increase its revenue by lowering the price. When the price decreases by 10%, the quantity demanded increases by 20%. As a result, the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 (2), indicating that the company can lower prices to increase revenue.
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McConnell Corporation has bonds on the market with 17 years to maturity, a YTM of 9.4 percent, a par value of $1,000, and a current price of $1,216.50. The bonds make semiannual payments. What must the coupon rate be on these bonds?
Multiple Choice
19.73%
11.98%
24.00%
9.84%
12.08%
The coupon rate on these bonds of McConnell Corporation is option B) 11.98%.
Given data:
Bond price, P = $1,216.50
Par value of the bond,
M = $1,000
Years to maturity, n = 17 years
Yield to maturity, YTM = 9.4%
Number of coupon payments, C = 2 (semiannual)
Let C be the coupon payment, so the total annual coupon payment is C x 2 = $2C.
Also, the bond's par value is $1,000.
Since the bond makes semiannual payments, the required return is the semiannual yield.
By using the given formula to calculate the price of a bond, we can calculate the coupon rate of the bond.
The formula is:
P = C x (1 - 1/(1+r)^n)/r + M/(1+r)^n
Where, P = price of the bond
C = periodic coupon payment
M = par value of the bond
r = periodic yield or the periodic interest rate (YTM/2)
n = total number of coupon payments (years to maturity x 2)
Therefore, substituting the given values in the above formula, we have:
$1,216.50 = [C x (1 - 1/(1+r)^n)]/r + $1,000/(1+r)^n
On solving the above equation, we get the periodic coupon payment as $46.15.
So, the annual coupon payment = 2 x $46.15
= $92.30
Therefore, the coupon rate = (Annual coupon payment / Par value) x 100
= ($92.30 / $1,000) x 100
= 9.23%
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The question "How will the owners of the factors of production be compensated?" refers to this economic activity
a.
Intervention
b.
Factorization
c.
Production
d.
Distribution
e.
Consumption
The economic activity to which the question "How will the owners of the factors of production be compensated?" refers to is distribution. This is so because distribution refers to the process of getting the finished product to the consumer.
It is important to note that distribution involves more than 100 activities, including transportation, packaging, and advertising, among other things.What is distribution?In the field of economics, distribution refers to the allocation of goods and services among the members of a society. In other words, it is the process of transferring a good or service from the manufacturer or producer to the final consumer through a variety of channels. There are several channels through which distribution can take place, including wholesalers, retailers, and direct-to-consumer sales, among others.
Furthermore, the distribution process may involve more than 100 activities, such as transportation, packaging, and advertising, among other things. In conclusion, the economic activity to which the question "How will the owners of the factors of production be compensated?" refers to is distribution.
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For each of the following, compute the present value: (Do not round interr calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Present Value Years 12 4 16 21 Interest Rate 4 % 9 12
The amount that the lender charges the borrower over and beyond the principal amount is referred to as the interest rate. A person who deposits money in a bank or other financial institution also earns additional income in terms of the recipient, known as interest, taking into account the time value of money.
The amount of interest due each period expressed as a percentage of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed is known as an interest rate. The total interest on a loaned or borrowed sum is determined by the principal amount, the interest rate, the frequency of compounding, and the period of time the loan, deposit, or borrowing took place.
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Which of the following are ways in which an entrepreneur earns a profit? Check all that apply.
a. By exploiting arbitrage opportunities
b. By paying wages, interest, and rent to other factors of production
c. By making entrepreneurial judgments in the face of uncertainty
By exploiting arbitrage opportunities and By paying wages, interest, and rent to other factors of production are ways in which an entrepreneur earns a profit. Option A and B are correct answer.
New goods and services introduced by entrepreneurs have the potential to significantly increase productivity, lower prices, and improve quality of life. When feasible, they continue the process by offering new solutions for additional requirements in order to profit from an original answer for a distinct, significant need. Option A and B are correct answer.
Once companies use legal tools like patents to safeguard their concepts and finished goods and act quickly to fulfill consumer demand, they may momentarily dominate a market and make substantial profits. If rivals are unable to develop and launch comparable goods or services quickly, the product may turn out to be profitable for the business owner. In fact, businesses could earn substantial profits even if they continue to be the only provider of the good or service.
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What are the differences between stakeholders and executive stakeholders? Should or are they treated differently?
Stakeholders and executive stakeholders have their differences in regard to their authority and responsibilities within an organization.
The differences between stakeholders and executive stakeholders are as follows:
Stakeholders: Stakeholders are individuals or entities who have an interest in an organization's activities and are impacted by its operations.
The stakeholders are of two kinds: internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders comprise employees, board members, and shareholders, while external stakeholders comprise customers, suppliers, government regulators, and society in general.They have a vested interest in the organization's success, as it affects their welfare and economic well-being. Because of this, they must be included in the decision-making process to ensure that their interests are properly addressed.Executive stakeholders: Executive stakeholders are typically the highest-ranking officials of a company or organization, such as a CEO, CFO, or CIO. They hold the most authority and responsibility in the company.
Executive stakeholders are individuals who are responsible for ensuring the company's goals and objectives are achieved.They work towards creating a business strategy, making decisions, and executing plans to accomplish their objectives. They also oversee the other stakeholders' activities and ensure that they are aligned with the company's goals.There are two different types of stakeholders in an organization, and they are treated differently. Executive stakeholders are typically higher-ranking officials of an organization and are responsible for making decisions that align with the company's objectives. They have more authority and responsibility than other stakeholders, such as shareholders, employees, customers, and suppliers.
In contrast, stakeholders, both internal and external, must be included in the decision-making process to ensure that their interests are properly addressed.
In conclusion, executive stakeholders and stakeholders are treated differently.
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Show key formulas and definitions for the list below 1. Premium bond 2. Discount bond 3. Par bond < 4. Coupon bond (annual & semiannual) 5. Zero-coupon bond 6. Consol bond
Premium bond:
Definition: A premium bond is a bond that is issued at a price higher than its face value.
Bond Price = Face Value + Present Value of Coupons + Present Value of Face Value
Where the present value is calculated using the discount rate and time periods remaining until maturity.
Discount bond:
Definition: A discount bond is a bond that is issued at a price lower than its face value. The present value of coupons and face value will be lower than their respective nominal values.
Bond Price = Face Value + Present Value of Coupons + Present Value of Face Value
Par bond:
Definition: A par bond is a bond that is issued at its face value, which is equal to the bond's nominal value. The present value of coupons and face value will be equal to their respective nominal values.
Bond Price = Face Value + Present Value of Coupons + Present Value of Face Value
Coupon bond (annual & semiannual):
Definition: A coupon bond is a bond that pays periodic interest payments, known as coupons, to the bondholder.
Formula: For an annual coupon bond, the formula is:
Bond Price = Present Value of Coupons + Present Value of Face Value
For a semiannual coupon bond, the formula is:
Bond Price = Present Value of Semiannual Coupons + Present Value of Face Value
Zero-coupon bond:
Definition: A zero-coupon bond is a bond that does not pay periodic interest payments. Instead, it is sold at a discount and provides a return to the bondholder at maturity.
Bond Price = Present Value of Face Value
Consol bond:
Definition: A consol bond, also known as a perpetuity bond, is a bond that pays a fixed coupon indefinitely.
Bond Price = Coupon / Interest Rate
Where the coupon represents the fixed periodic payment and the interest rate is the required rate of return on the bond.
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Prior to conducting a cost/volume/profit preparing analysis, a restaurant manager must a. develop a contribution margin income statement b. prepare an up-to-date balance sheet c. develop an income sta
Prior to conducting a cost/volume/profit preparing analysis, a restaurant manager must develop a contribution margin income statement. Therefore option (A) is correct answer.
A contribution margin income statement is a document that displays how fixed and variable costs are distributed. Revenue, variable costs, and the contribution margin are all part of the statement. It does not include any fixed expenses. It's critical to develop a contribution margin income statement before conducting a cost/volume/profit analysis, as it helps identify a restaurant's profit margin and plan accordingly. Option (A) is correct answer.
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A company's net sales were $695,000, its cost of goods sold was $239,770 and its net income was $43,600. Its gross margin ratio equals: Multiple Choice O 289.9%. о 6.3%. O 18.2%. O 65.5%. O 34.5%.
If a company's net sales were $695,000, its cost of goods sold was $239,770 and its net income was $43,600. Its gross margin ratio equals to 65.5%. Option D.
Gross Margin Ratio: Gross Margin Ratio is used to calculate the profitability of a company. It measures the percentage of sales that exceed the cost of goods sold, which results in gross profit. The Gross Margin Ratio can be calculated by using the following formula: Gross Margin Ratio = (Net sales – Cost of goods sold) / Net sales
Therefore, Gross Margin Ratio = ($695,000 – $239,770) / $695,000 = $455,230 / $695,000 = 0.655, which is equal to 65.5%. Therefore, the answer is option D 65.5%.
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Roger wants the human resources department to focus on attracting the right employees, measuring their progress toward corporate goals, and rewarding employees for achieving those goals. What is the department focusing on?
A.
talent management
B.
strategic human resources management
C.
succession planning
D.
external recruitment
E.
reemployment
When writing a sales message in which price is an issue, what can you do to reduce resistance?
When writing a sales message in which price is an issue, to reduce resistance we can provide evidence of value, explain why the cost is reasonable, and offer alternatives, and make it easy to pay.
When writing a sales message in which price is an issue, the following are some of the ways to minimize resistance:
1. Explain why the cost is reasonable: When a product or service is sold at a high price, customers may feel that it is overpriced. To avoid such an opinion, you must give them a reason why your product or service is priced the way it is.
2. Provide evidence of value: It is essential to provide evidence to your customers that your product or service is worth the price.
3. Offer alternatives: Give your customer a choice between two or three products with varying prices. This is beneficial because it allows the consumer to choose the product or service that best fits their budget.
4. Make it easy to pay: When purchasing a product or service, the payment process should be as simple as possible.
5. Be confident in your product or service: In your sales message, show your faith in your product or service. When your customers perceive your confidence, they will believe that the price is fair.
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Industry Analysis Purpose: To help you understand and compare the performance of two companies in the same industry. Find the Columbia Sportswear Company Annual Report located in Appendix A, and go to the financial statements starting on page 663. Now access online the 2016 Annual Report for Under Armour, Inc.. For instructions on how to access the report online, see the Industry Analysis in Chapter 10. The company's financial statements start on page 57. Which of these companies would be considered to be merchandising businesses? If your answer was "both companies are merchandising businesses," you would be correct. But how did you know that? If you didn't know anything about either of these two companies (maybe you're already familiar with them through their advertising campaigns), how would you know that they are merchandising businesses? Can you tell that by looking at the consolidated balance sheets for both companies? What about the consolidated statements of income (or operations)? Which accounts on these two financial statements tell you that these companies are merchandising businesses?
Industry analysis is a method that helps you compare the performance of two companies within the same industry. Two companies that are considered to be merchandising businesses are Columbia Sportswear and Under Armour, Inc.
To determine whether Columbia Sportswear Company and Under Armour, Inc. are merchandising businesses, you can analyze their financial statements, specifically the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income.
In the consolidated balance sheets, you can look for inventory as an account that indicates the presence of merchandising activities. Merchandising businesses typically hold inventory for sale to customers. If you find inventory listed on the balance sheets of both companies, it suggests that they engage in merchandising activities.
In the consolidated statements of income or operations, you can examine the revenue or sales line item. Merchandising businesses generate revenue primarily from the sale of goods or merchandise. If you observe significant revenue from the sale of goods on the income statements of both companies, it further confirms their classification as merchandising businesses.
By analyzing the presence of inventory on the balance sheets and significant revenue from the sale of goods on the income statements, you can identify Columbia Sportswear Company and Under Armour, Inc. as merchandising businesses.
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Apr. 14: Purchased $31,300 of merchandise on account, terms 1/10, n/30. The perpetual inventory system is used to account for inventory. Date Description Debit Credit Apr. 14 Inventory 31,300 X Accounts Payable 31,300 X May 13: Paid the invoice of April 14 after the discount period had passed. Date Description Debit Credit May 13 Accounts Payable 31,300 Inventory Cash 31,300
As a reminder, the perpetual inventory system is a method of accounting for inventory that involves keeping track of inventory on a continuous basis.
Here is how the journal entries for the April 14 purchase and May 13 payment would look: Apr. 14 Inventory 31,300 [Debit] Accounts Payable 31,300 [Credit] Inventory is debited because it increases with the purchase of new merchandise. Accounts Payable is credited because the company is recording the purchase on account. May 13:Date Description May 13 Accounts Payable 31,300[Debit] Cash 30,977 [Credit] Inventory 323[Credit]. When the invoice is paid after the discount period has passed, the company no longer qualifies for the discount.
Therefore, the entire amount of the invoice is due. Accounts Payable are debited to reduce the liability, and Cash is credited because the company is paying for the merchandise. The difference between the original amount due and the amount paid is recorded in Inventory as a cost of not paying within the discount period.
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What counts as GDP: A prosperous Chinese student pays $20K this semester for her UM courses as college tuition. She also buys a brand- new car for $10K, and devotes $5K to buy Amazon Shares. Hence, What counts as GDP is: (a)$5K, (b) $20K, (c) $25 (d) $30K, (e) $35K.
Assume that the interest rate is 8% in the US, and the interest rate is 5% in Europe. Then, in the long run (according to the interest parity):
(a) The dollar should appreciate (with respect to the euro) by 3%
(b) The dollar should appreciate (with respect to the euro) by 2%.
(c) The dollar should depreciate (with respect to the euro) by 3%
(d) The dollar should depreciate (with respect to the euro) by 2%.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final products and services produced within the geographic boundary of a country during a specified period, typically annually. Therefore, the answer to this question is (d) $30K.
The following are the various components of the GDP:Consumer expenditure, or private expenditure, is the sum of all household and personal expenditures on goods and services used for consumption. Hence, the purchase of a new vehicle would be included in the GDP as part of the consumer expenditure
Investment is the amount of capital expenditure incurred by firms to purchase physical capital, such as buildings and equipment, for the production of goods and services. Therefore, a prosperous Chinese student paying $20K in college tuition would be included in the GDP, as it is an investment. Government spending is the amount of money spent by the government on goods and services.
Net exports (exports - imports) is the value of a country's exports minus the value of its imports.In the long run, interest parity predicts that the exchange rate will adjust to offset any difference in interest rates between two countries.
Because the interest rate is higher in the US than in Europe, US investors will demand more European financial assets.
This will raise the value of the euro relative to the dollar, causing the dollar to depreciate by 2%, making (d) the correct answer.
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Do not touch if you are going to solve only one question accordingly to guideline. Thank you in advance! A) Short Answer Part 1) In 1930's Keynes famously went to New York City and stayed at a hotel.As the journalists watched him,he put a towel in the common male toilet of the hotel into the ground and then step on it.When journalists asked him why he did that, he answered I am improving USA economy. In what way the action of Keynes may be improving economy? Explain your answer.(Note action of Keynes is symbolic and is a small demostration of his theory.) 2) Assume the aggregate spending curve of Turkey,which represents the relation between income and spending,got flatter in 2018.Write a factor,which may create such a change 3)Choose a country(which can be your country).Write whether you think in that country spending multiplier(the multiplier we have seen in this chapter) is large or small relative to another reference country, which can be TRNc, Turkey or USA.Explain your comment. 4) Assume in 2020 the inventories of the companies started to increase.What may this fact be telling us on potential short run trends of the economic system. Explain your answer. 5 Explain why in the short run a high saving rate may hurt the economic,according to Keynesian view.Compare this view with the effect of investment on the long run growth, described by the model we have seen in the growh chapter.
As the question comprises of multiple parts, the main answer to each part is given as follows:1) In what way the action of Keynes may be improving economy? In the Keynesian view, investments are seen as a crucial driver of long-term economic growth and market economy, as it leads to an increase in productivity, capital stock, and innovation, which may result in higher output levels and higher living standards in the long run.
Explanation:Keynesian economics aims to address the persistent issues of an economy, which are related to the demand side of the economy. The action of Keynes may improve the economy by demonstrating the Keynesian theory, which emphasizes government intervention in the economy, through investment or spending.2) Write a factor, which may create such a change in the spending curve.
The spending multiplier in India is relatively small compared to Turkey. The spending multiplier in India is influenced by factors such as the proportion of household savings, foreign trade, and exchange rate fluctuations.4) What may this fact be telling us on potential short-run trends of the economic system? Explanation: An increase in inventories of companies may signify that the economy is heading towards a downturn, and in the short run, the demand for goods and services may decrease. This trend may indicate a reduction in the economic activity of the system, and firms may cut back production or investments.5) Explain why, in the short run, a high saving rate may hurt the economy according to the Keynesian view. Compare this view with the effect of investment on long-run growth, described by the model we have seen in the growth chapter.
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Quantity of potatoes (pounds) 12 10 8 6 NAG 4 2- 0 B C 1 1 D 2 Consumption Bundle E₁ 3 4 Quantity of clams (pounds) Based on the figures above, what happens if the price of clams decreases? ABCDE F
If the price of clams decreases, Quantity demand will increase. In economics, the word "quantity demanded" refers to the overall amount of an item or service that customers desire during a specific period of time.
Regardless of whether a market is in equilibrium, it is dependent on the cost of an item or service. Quantity desired in economics refers to the quantity of a commodity or service that customers are willing to purchase at a particular price. For instance, if customers are willing to pay $0.50 for 1,000 lemons, the quantity requested is 1,000 lemons at $0.50.
According to Brian Beal, a professor of marine ecology at the University of Maine at Machias whose research focuses on shellfish, the costs are growing as a result of variables like the pandemic's increased interest in local food and a limited number of clams available on the market.
Clams are shellfish that serve as both a food source and a filter feeder, contributing significantly to the web of life that keeps the seas working. Due to its use as a raw material in the production of cement, calcium carbide, and sand lime bricks, the clam shell is also significant commercially.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is here:
Quantity of potatoes (pounds) 12 10 8 6 NAG 4 2- 0 B C 1 1 D 2 Consumption Bundle E₁ 3 4 Quantity of clams (pounds) Based on the figures above, what happens if the price of clams decreases?
A. Quantity demand will increase
B. Quantity demand will decrease
C. Quantity demand will be constant
D. none of them
The June 30 bank statement shows a checking account balance of $16,311.00. Our book balance on June 30 was $14,515.52. Our employee who reconciles the bank statement noted the following reconciling items:
a. After the bank closed on June 30, we deposited the day's cash sales, $1,588.14.
b. The bank collected a Note Receivable on our behalf on June 30. We had not been notified of the collection before receiving the bank statement. The amount is $950.
c. Check #5259 in the amount of $1,352.71 was properly prepared for the purchase of Merchandise Inventory. The bank processed it correctly. Unfortunately, we did not record the check in our Cash Disbursements Journal.
d. Outstanding checks on March 31 totaled $3,811.33.
e. The bank deducted a service charge of $25, which we have not yet recorded. Required:
a. Use the "P 3" tab in the spreadsheet to prepare a bank reconciliation for June 30.
b. Prepare the journal entry to update the Cash account based on the reconciliation.
a. Bank Reconciliation for June 30:
1. Start with the Bank Statement Balance: $16,311.00
2. Add: Deposits in transit
Deposited on June 30: $1,588.14Adjusted Bank Balance: $16,311.00 + $1,588.14 = $17,899.143. Deduct: Outstanding checks
Outstanding checks on March 31: $3,811.33Adjusted Bank Balance: $17,899.14 - $3,811.33 = $14,087.814. Deduct: Bank service charge
Service charge: $25.00Adjusted Bank Balance: $14,087.81 - $25.00 = $14,062.815. Compare the Adjusted Bank Balance with the Book Balance:
Book Balance on June 30: $14,515.52b. Journal Entry to update the Cash account:
To reflect the adjustments identified during the bank reconciliation, you would typically make the following journal entries:
1. For the deposits in transit:
Debit: Cash (increase) - $1,588.14Credit: Deposits in Transit (decrease) - $1,588.142. For the outstanding checks:
Debit: Outstanding Checks (decrease) - $3,811.33Credit: Cash (increase) - $3,811.333. For the service charge:
Debit: Bank Service Charges (increase) - $25.00Credit: Cash (decrease) - $25.00Please note that the specific account names and amounts may vary depending on your organization's chart of accounts and accounting system. It's always recommended to consult with an accountant or financial professional for accurate and specific guidance based on your situation.
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Camp Rainbow offers overnight summer camp programs for children ages 10-14 every summer during June and July. Each camp session is one week and can accommodate up to 200 children. The camp is not coed, so boys attend during the odd-numbered weeks and girls attend during the even-numbered weeks. While at the camp, participants make crafts, participate in various sports, help care for the camp's resident animals, have cookouts and hayrides, and help assemble toys for local underprivileged children. The camp provides all food as well as materials for all craft classes and the toys to be assembled. One cabin can accommodate up to 10 children, and one camp counselor is assigned to each cabin. Three camp managers are on-site regardless of the number of campers enrolled. Following is the cost information for Camp Rainbow's operations last summer: Cost to Run Camp Number of Week Campers 172 112 148 184 174 152 140 104 S13,810 9,350 11,360 14,380 14,000 12,440 10,180 8,440 Required 4. Using the high-low method, calculate Camp Rainbow's total fixed operating costs and variable operating cost per child. (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places.) Fixed Cost Variable Cost per Child 5. Using the high-low method results, calculate the camp's expected operating cost if 130 children attend a session. (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places.) Cost
The answer is $46,553. Camp Rainbow is a summer camp that provides overnight summer camp programs for children from the ages of 10-14 years every summer during June and July. There are eight camp sessions that each last one week, and they can accommodate up to 200 children.
A cabin can hold up to ten children and one camp counselor is assigned to each cabin, and three camp managers are on-site regardless of the number of campers enrolled. Camp Rainbow’s operations cost information is given as follows:
Cost to Run Camp Number of Week Campers 172 112 148 184 174 152 140 104 S13,810 9,350 11,360 14,380 14,000 12,440 10,180 8,440.
Let’s find the fixed cost of Camp Rainbow. We will use the high-low method to calculate it.
High cost week = $14,380, Low cost week = $8,440,
Number of campers in the high cost week = 184, Number of campers in the low cost week = 104.
Variable cost per camper per week = (High cost - Low cost) / (Number of campers in high cost week - Number of campers in low cost week) = (14380-8440) / (184-104) = 60.
Fixed cost = Total cost – (Variable cost per camper per week x Number of campers) = 109,520 – (60 x 1,174) = 109,520 – 70,440 = 39,080 Variable cost per camper = (Total cost – Fixed cost) / Number of campers = (109,520 - 39,080) / 1,174 = 55.10 .
The expected operating cost if 130 children attend a session can be found as follows:Expected operating cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost per camper x Number of campers = 39,080 + (55.10 x 130) = $46,553.
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Which of the following is true about ethical decision making by a CEO? A. A CEO’s duty to individual employees involves caring and helping subordinates to stay in an organization and work for the good of the organization. B. Any decision must be in accordance with a CEO’s vision and provide a course of action. C. Any decision must support an organization’s code of ethics. D. A CEO can choose to work with a problem employee.
C. Any decision must support an organization's code of ethics. Option C stands out as the most accurate statement, emphasizing the importance of decision making that upholds an organization's code of ethics.
Ethical decision making by a CEO involves considering the principles and values outlined in an organization's code of ethics. The CEO must ensure that their decisions align with the ethical guidelines and standards set by the organization. While a CEO's duty to individual employees may involve caring and helping them, option A doesn't encompass the comprehensive scope of ethical decision making. Option B focuses on the CEO's vision but doesn't explicitly address ethical considerations.
Option D suggests that a CEO can choose to work with a problem employee, but ethical decision ma CEO's responsibilityking would require careful evaluation of the situation and potential impact on the organization and its values. option C highlights the to make choices that are morally and ethically sound, ensuring the well-being and integrity of the organization and its stakeholders.
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Debt is generally the least expensive source of capital. This is primarily due to
A. the priority of claims on assets and earnings in the event of liquidation
B. the secured nature of a debt obligation
C. the fixed interest payments
D. the tax deductibility of interest payments
The correct answer is (D) the tax deductibility of interest payments. Debt is generally considered the least expensive source of capital because of the tax deductibility of interest payments.
When a company incurs debt and pays interest on that debt, the interest payments can be deducted from the company's taxable income. This reduces the company's tax liability, resulting in a lower cost of debt.
By deducting the interest payments, the company effectively reduces its overall cost of borrowing.
This is because the interest expense is considered an allowable business expense and is subtracted from the company's taxable income. As a result, the company pays less in taxes, effectively lowering the cost of the debt.
On the other hand, equity financing, such as issuing new shares or retaining earnings, does not offer the same tax benefits.
The returns to equity investors, such as dividends or capital gains, are typically not tax-deductible for the company. Therefore, the cost of equity is generally higher than the cost of debt.
While options A, B, and C may also contribute to the attractiveness of debt as a source of capital, the tax deductibility of interest payments is a key factor that significantly reduces the cost of debt and makes it a more cost-effective financing option for many companies.
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I borrowed a 30-year mortgage loan of $260000 to buy a house. My mortgage rate is 5.1%. What is my monthly mortgage payment (keep two decimal places)?
I borrowed a 30-year mortgage loan of $260000 to buy a house. The mortgage rate is 5.1%. The monthly mortgage payment is approximately $1,422.72 when rounded to two decimal places.
To calculate the monthly mortgage payment, we need to consider the loan amount, the mortgage rate, and the loan term. In this scenario, you borrowed $260,000 for a 30-year mortgage with an interest rate of 5.1%.
The monthly mortgage payment can be determined using the formula for a fixed-rate mortgage payment:
M = [tex]P * (r * (1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1),[/tex]
where:
M is the monthly mortgage payment,
P is the loan amount,
r is the monthly interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12),
n is the total number of payments (number of years multiplied by 12).
First, let's calculate the monthly interest rate:
r = 5.1% / 100 / 12 = 0.00425.
Next, calculate the total number of payments:
n = 30 years * 12 months/year = 360.
Now, we can substitute the values into the formula:
M =[tex]260,000 * (0.00425 * (1+0.00425)^360) / ((1+0.00425)^360 - 1).[/tex]
It's important to note that this calculation assumes a fixed interest rate for the entire loan term. Actual mortgage payments may also include additional expenses such as property taxes and insurance.
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what are the MICROECONOMIC impacts on China due to covid 19?
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant microeconomic impacts on China.
What are the microeconomic impacts on China?The COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent containment measures resulted in disruptions across various sectors of the Chinese economy. The strict lockdowns, travel restrictions and social distancing measures imposed to curb the spread of the virus led to a decline in consumer spending particularly in industries such as retail, hospitality, and tourism.
Many businesses faced temporary closures or reduced operations, leading to job losses and income reduction for workers. The manufacturing sector which is a crucial component of China's economy, also experienced disruptions due to supply chain disruptions, reduced demand from other countries, and labor shortages.
These factors contributed to a decline in China's GDP growth rate in 2020. The pandemic also accelerated existing trends such as the growth of e-commerce and digitalization as consumers shifted towards online shopping and remote work arrangements.
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In order to make the most of event sponsorships, marketers should not only establish media impressions, but also:
a. rally viewer support with promotions for it in traditional media.
b. invite other companies to share the cost of sponsoring the event.
c. find a way to get television and radio coverage that will help target global audiences.
d. find a way to link the brand with a positive feeling that will go beyond the duration of the event.
In order to make the most of event sponsorships, marketers should not only establish media impressions, but also:
find a way to link the brand with a positive feeling that will go beyond the duration of the event.
To make the most of event sponsorships, marketers should not only establish media impressions, but also find a way to link the brand with a positive feeling that will go beyond the duration of the event.
The correct option is D.
What is sponsorship?
Sponsorship is a part of the promotional mix which refers to a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property (typically in sports, arts, entertainment, or causes) in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential related to that property. Sponsorship is a marketing tactic that includes any means of promoting a product, event, or service by means of a sponsorship agreement or association with a particular activity or event. In order to make the most of event sponsorships, marketers should not only establish media impressions, but also find a way to link the brand with a positive feeling that will go beyond the duration of the event.
What is media impressions?
A media impression is any chance of exposure to an advertising message conveyed by a particular media vehicle. The term "media impressions" applies to the number of individuals exposed at least once to a particular media vehicle or a commercial message in the vehicle.
What is promotion?
Promotion is a type of communication that organizations utilize to promote their goods or services. Advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion are all examples of promotional tactics.
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Mohamad, owner of an residential furnished apartment's in Dubai, performed an economic analysis 4 years ago when he decided to place an new eefficient central AC unit for each apartments instead of old split units windows type in each room. The estimates used and the annual worth analysis at MARR = 12% are summarized below. Two different AC brands were compared. LG York Cost and installation, $ -26,000 -36,000 Annual maintenance cost, $ per year -800 -300 Salvage value, $ 2,000 3,000 Electrical power savings, $ per year 25,000 35,000 Useful life, years 7 10 The spreadsheet in below sheet is the one Mohamad used to make the decision. York was the clear choice due to its substantially larger AW value, hence York AC units were installed. MARR 12% LG York Investment Annual Repair Investment Annual Repair Years and salvage maintenance savings and salvage maintenance savings 0 $26,000 $0 $0 $36,000 $0 $0 1 $0 $800 $25,000 $o $300 $35,000 250 $800 $25,000 $0 $300 $35,000 3 $0 $800 $25,000 $0 $300 $35,000 4 $0 $800 $25,000 $0 $300 $35,000 5800 $25,000 $0 $300 $35,000 6 $0 $800 $25,000 $0 $300 $35,000 7$2,000 $800 $25,000 $0 $300 $35,000 8 $0 $300 $35,000 9 $0 $300 $35,000 10 $3,000 $300 $35,000 AW $6,068 $800 elementi $25,000 $7,025 $300 $35,000 Total AW $18,701.17 $28,499.52 5 $0 During a quick review (year 4 of operation), it was obvious that the maintenance costs and repair savings have not followed (and will not follow) the estimates made 4 years ago. In fact, the maintenance contract cost is going from $300 this year (year 4) to $1200 per year next year and will then increase 7% per year for the next 6 years. Also, the electrical power savings for the last 4 years were $31,312 ( year 1). $27,565 ( year 2), $30,493( year3), and $32,903( year4), as best as Mohamad can determine. He believes savings will decrease by $3,349 per year hereafter. Finally, these 4-year-old AC units are worth nothing on the market now, so the salvage is zero, not $3000. Q1 - With these new estimates, What is the AW of the Investment and Salvage value for YORK AC unit? Q2 - With these new estimates, What is the FW of the Investment and Salvage value for YORK AC unit? Q3 - With these new estimates, what is the recalculated AW maintenance cost for the YORK AC units? Q4 - With these new estimates, what is the recalculated PW maintenance cost for the YORK AC units? Q5 - With these new estimates, what is the recalculated Total AW cost for YORK AC units. Q6. With these new estimates, what is the recalculated Total FW cost for YORK AC units. Q7 - With these new estimates, what is the recalculated Total PW cost for YORK AC units. Q8 - If these estimates had been made 4 years ago, would YORK still have been the economic choice, why explain your answer Q9 - What is difference in capital recovery amount for the YORK units with these new estimates? Q10 - If MARR is changed to 8% for the upcoming 6 years what will be the Total PW for the YORK units? 0 -26000 1 2 3 -36000 0 0 0 0 0 -800 -800 -800 -800 -800 -800 -800 4 5 25000 25000 25000 25000 25000 25000 25000 -300 -300 -300 -300 -300 -300 -300 -300 -300 -300 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 6 0 2000 7 8 0 0 0 3000 9 10
New estimates for Mohamad's apartments in Dubai have come up, and the owner wants to perform a new analysis for the efficiency of the AC unit. Thus, he has the following questions to be answered for this updated analysis.Q1. With these new estimates, what is the AW of the Investment and Salvage value for YORK AC unit?
The new salvage value is zero, No, York may not have been the economic choice if the new estimates were made 4 years ago. The calculations performed to get the original AW and FW values were based on old estimates that have been proved wrong with time. The maintenance costs and repair savings have not followed the estimates made 4 years ago. In fact, the maintenance contract cost is going from $300 this year (year 4) to $1200 per year next year and will then increase 7% per year for the next 6 years.
Also, the electrical power savings for the last 4 years were $31,312 (year 1), $27,565 (year 2), $30,493(year3), and $32,903 (year4), as best as Mohamad can determine. He believes savings will decrease by $3,349 per year hereafter.
Finally, these 4-year-old AC units are worth nothing on the market now, so the salvage is zero, not $3000.Q9. What is the difference in capital recovery amount for the YORK units with these new estimates?The difference in capital recovery amount will be the difference between the initial investment cost and the total present worth of the benefits received over the period of ownership. The PW of the benefits has been calculated as $ 9,843.71 for the YORK unit, and the initial investment cost is $ 36,000.
The difference between the two will be:Difference in capital recovery amount = Initial Investment - PW of the benefitsDifference in capital recovery amount = $ 36,000 - $ 9,843.71Difference in capital recovery amount = $ 26,156.29Q10. If MARR is changed to 8% for the upcoming 6 years, what will be the Total PW for the YORK units?If the MARR is changed to 8% for the upcoming 6 years, the calculation of PW will be:
PW = Initial Investment (P/A,8%,10) + PW maintenance cost - Salvage value (P/F,8%,10)PW = $ 36,000 (P/A,8%,10) + $ 4,195.67 - $ 0 (P/F,8%,10)PW = $ 5,993.15 + $ 4,195.67PW = $ 10,188.82 for the YORK unit.
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