A promissory note: Multiple Choice Is a. a short-term investment for the maker. b. Is a written promise to pay a specified amount of money at a certain date. c. Is a liability to the payee. d. Is another name for an installment receivable.
A promissory note is: b. a written promise to pay a specified amount of money at a certain date.
A promissory note is a legal document that outlines a promise made by one party (the maker) to pay a specific sum of money to another party (the payee) at a designated date or upon demand. It serves as a formal evidence of a debt and includes details such as the principal amount, interest rate (if applicable), repayment terms, and maturity date. The maker of the promissory note is obligated to fulfill the payment according to the terms specified. Therefore, it represents a legal commitment to repay the specified amount, making it a written promise to pay and not a short-term investment, liability to the payee, or another name for an installment receivable.
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a series of sequential steps that must be carried out to produce a given product is called:
A series of sequential steps that must be carried out to produce a given product is called a manufacturing process. The manufacturing process involves the conversion of raw materials into finished goods that can be sold to the end consumer.
The manufacturing process can be divided into several sequential steps, including the following: Design: In this step, the product is designed using CAD (computer-aided design) software. The design is created in 3D and includes all the necessary details like dimensions, materials, etc. Production planning: Once the design is ready, the next step is to plan the production process. This involves deciding on the materials, machines, and equipment required for the production process. Material procurement: In this step, the raw materials required for the production process are procured.
This may involve sourcing the materials from suppliers or manufacturing them in-house. Production: The production step involves actually manufacturing the product. This may involve several sub-steps like cutting, shaping, welding, and assembling the various components of the product. Quality control: In this step, the finished product is checked for quality to ensure that it meets the required standards. Packaging and shipping: The final step is to package the finished product and ship it to the end consumer. This may involve several sub-steps like labeling, packing, and shipping the product to the desired location.
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Financial statements:
Income statement for the year ending 12/31/2021
Sales/revenues
1,750
Variable cost a.k.a. cost of goods sold (COGS)
(700)
Fixed cost a.k.a. selling general and administrative (SG&A)
(400)
Depreciation
(100)
EBIT
550
Interest expense
(100)
EBT
450
Taxes (40%)
(180)
Net Income
270
The NI belongs to the stockholders, assume that half is paid out in dividends and the rest is added to retained earnings.
- Dividends 135 (50% of net income in this case)
- Additions to retained earnings 135 (net income minus dividends)
Balance sheet on 12/31/2021:
Cash
100
A/P
200
A/R
150
Accruals
125
Inventory
250
Notes payable
100
Fixed assets
1,500
Long term debt
725
Common stock
50
Retained earning
800
Total assets
2,000
Total claims
2,000
Calculate the price to earnings ratio(P/E ratio) and ROE
ROE is a metric that gauges a corporation's efficacy in utilizing its investors' equity to generate earnings.
The Financial StatementsP/E ratio
Net income = $270
Number of shares outstanding = 100
P/E ratio = $270 / 100 = 27
ROE
Net income = $270
Total equity = $800
ROE = $270 / $800 = 33.75%
The calculation involves dividing the net income by the overall equity amount. An excellent return on equity signifies that the company is utilizing its equity effectively, whereas a poor return on equity signifies that the company is ineffective in using its equity.
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1.Should Apple Cook enter new market or launch new product?
2.What will be the expected profitability of the new products or services?
3.How can it improve the profitability in a given industry?
4.What are the resources needed to increase profitability?
5.Which business to continue, where to invest further and from which to get out?
1. Apple Cook should launch a new product. This is because there is always a possibility that a new product will be widely accepted in the market and bring in new customers for the company. Launching a new product would help Apple Cook tap into a new market.
2. The expected profitability of the new product depends on several factors such as the quality of the product, its pricing, marketing and distribution strategy, and competition. However, Apple Cook being a market leader in the tech industry can expect high profitability if the product is well received by consumers.
3. To improve profitability in a given industry, Apple Cook can: Improve product quality and innovation. Revamp its marketing and distribution strategy to reach new markets. Reduce costs of production by streamlining its supply chain management. Implement cost-cutting measures and reduce operational costs.
4. To increase profitability, Apple Cook may need to invest in research and development for the new product, marketing and advertising to promote the product, and restructure its supply chain management to reduce production costs. Apple Cook may also consider strategic partnerships or acquisitions to expand its product offerings or enter new markets.
5. Apple Cook should continue to focus on its core business of producing premium quality products and providing excellent customer service. The company should invest further in research and development to continue innovating and expanding its product offerings. As for getting out of a business, Apple Cook should consider exiting markets or business segments that are not profitable or not aligned with its core business values.
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Imagine we live in a Modigliani and Miller Proposition 1 world. By issuing debt and retiring common stock, which of the following risks will be amplified? a. Operating Risk b. Financial RIsk c. Both Operating and Financial Risk d. None of the above
In a Modigliani and Miller Proposition 1 world, issuing debt and retiring common stock will amplify financial risk but not operating risk.
Modigliani and Miller Proposition 1, also known as the irrelevance proposition, states that the value of a firm is determined by its cash flows and is independent of its capital structure. In this world, the issuance of debt and retirement of common stock will have no impact on the firm's operating risk, which is related to the volatility of its operating income or business operations.
However, the issuance of debt increases the firm's financial risk. By taking on debt, the firm incurs fixed interest payments, which must be paid regardless of the firm's performance. This increases the financial obligations and potential financial distress of the firm. On the other hand, retiring common stock reduces the firm's equity cushion and potentially leaves it more vulnerable to financial risk.
Therefore, the correct answer is option b: issuing debt and retiring common stock will amplify financial risk but not operating risk in a Modigliani and Miller Proposition 1 world.
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Under normal conditions (65% probability), Plan A will produce a $31,000 higher return than Plan B. Under tight money conditions (35% probability), Plan A will produce $117,000 less than Plan B. What is the expected value of return? (Amounts in parentheses indicate negative values.) Multiple Choice $61,100 ($40,950) ($20,800) $20,150
The expected value of return can be calculated using the main answer and explanation provided below. The expected value of return can be calculated by using the probability and expected cash flow of the plan. For instance, if we talk about Plan A and Plan B,
then the expected value of return for each of them can be calculated as follows return of Plan A: $31,000 x 0.65 + (-$117,000) x 0.35 = $20,150Expected return of Plan B: $0 x 0.65 + $117,000 x 0.35 = $40,950Explanation:Plan A: If normal conditions prevail, Plan A will produce a return of $31,000 higher than Plan B. Therefore, the expected return of Plan A for normal conditions is 65%.Plan B.
If tight money conditions prevail, Plan B will produce a return of $117,000 more than Plan A. Therefore, the expected return of Plan B for tight money conditions is 35%.Expected value of return can be calculated by multiplying the probability with the expected cash flow. Here, we can multiply the probability of each plan with its respective expected cash flow, and then add the two products together. Therefore, the expected value of return is $20,150. Therefore, the correct answer is: ($20,150).
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You researched Turnkey Investment's financial data and gathered the following information:
Current price per share of stock = $93 Expected market portfolio return = 8.4%
Dividend per share that will be paid next year = $5.13 Risk-free interest rate = 4.8%
Expected annual growth of dividend per share = 6% Stock Beta = 1.82
Calculate the company's cost of equity using the Dividend Growth Model approach. Your answer should be in percent, not in decimals: e.g., 12.34 rather than 0.1234
Increase decimal places for any intermediate calculations, from the default 2 to 6 or higher. Only round your final answer to TWO decimal places: for example, 10.23. Do NOT use "%" in your answer.
The cost of equity for Turnkey Investment is approximately 11.52%, calculated using the Dividend Growth Model approach.
To calculate Turnkey Investment's cost of equity using the Dividend Growth Model approach, we can use the formula:
Cost of Equity = (Dividend per Share / Current Price per Share) + Expected Dividend Growth Rate
First, let's calculate the expected dividend growth rate. Given that the expected annual growth of the dividend per share is 6%, we can convert it to a decimal by dividing it by 100: 6% / 100 = 0.06.
Next, we can substitute the given values into the formula:
Cost of Equity = ($5.13 / $93) + 0.06
Simplifying the equation:
Cost of Equity = 0.055161 + 0.06
Cost of Equity = 0.115161
To express the result as a percentage, we multiply it by 100:
Cost of Equity = 11.5161%
Finally, rounding the answer to two decimal places, the cost of equity for Turnkey Investment is approximately 11.52%.
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Write up a list of different operations (restaurant, cinema, bank, etc.). Students form a group and select a business to answer the following questions. (Note that you could consider a technology and operationrelevant to your group assignment). In discussing the appropriateness' of the technology consider the volume/variety characteristics of the operation! 1. What process technologies are used in these operations? 2. What advantages does the process technology bring to the operation itself and its customers?+ 3. How might recent changes and innovations in process technology affect the way these operations use their process technology?
They may also require significant investment in new technology and retraining of employees.
The different operations that can be selected by students for the discussion of process technologies are: Food chains: Restaurants, fast food chains, bakeries, cafes, etc. Retail stores: Supermarkets, convenience stores, department stores, etc. Entertainment industry: Cinemas, amusement parks, sports stadiums, museums, etc. Financial institutions: Banks, insurance companies, etc. Manufacturing plants: Textile factories, automobile factories, etc. Process technologies used in these operations vary from operation to operation. For example, restaurants use process technologies like kitchen equipment, inventory management systems, and customer service management systems. In contrast, banks use process technologies like digital banking platforms, automatic teller machines (ATMs), and transaction processing systems. These innovations may change how businesses interact with customers, how they manage inventory and process transactions, and how they process data. In some cases, these changes may result in more efficient operations and increased profits. However, they may also require significant investment in new technology and retraining of employees.
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Abigail, Bernard, Cornwallis, and Douglas each derive a distinct amount of utility from consuming apples and bananas. Initially, apples cost $2, bananas cost $1, and each person receives a weekly allowance of $20 to spend. For each of the four sets of preferences described below, calculate the compensating variation if the price of apples rises to $5. (a) (4) Abigail: U(a, b) = a + 2b (b) (4) Bernard: U(a, b) = 2a + b (c) (4) Cornwallis: U(a, b) = b-a (d) (4) Douglas: U(a, b) = min(a, 3b) Question 5 (28 points) Demand for Rover dogwalking services in Harrisonburg is given by the following inverse demand function: Pa(q) = 30- 10⁹
In each case, the compensating variation represents the change in income required to offset the decrease in utility resulting from the increase in the price of apples. The specific calculation will depend on the individual's utility function and the relative prices of apples and bananas.
To calculate the compensating variation, we need to determine the change in income required to restore each person's utility level to what it was before the price of apples increased.
(a) Abigail: U(a, b) = a + 2b
If the price of apples rises to $5, Abigail's utility function becomes U(a, b) = 5a + 2b. To calculate the compensating variation, we need to find the income level that would make Abigail just as well off as before. By comparing the utility levels before and after the price change, we can determine the change in income required.
(b) Bernard: U(a, b) = 2a + b
Similar to Abigail, we need to modify Bernard's utility function to U(a, b) = 2a + 5b and find the compensating variation.
(c) Cornwallis: U(a, b) = b - a
For Cornwallis, the utility function remains the same, U(a, b) = b - a. We need to assess the change in income necessary to maintain the initial utility level.
(d) Douglas: U(a, b) = min(a, 3b)
Douglas' utility function is U(a, b) = min(a, 3b). By substituting the new price of apples, we can calculate the compensating variation.
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balance sheets prepared under ifrs and u.s. gaap show more similarities than differences.
a. true
b. false
True, while there are some differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, balance sheets prepared under both frameworks exhibit more similarities than differences
The statement that balance sheets prepared under IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and U.S. GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) show more similarities than differences is generally true. While there are some differences between the two accounting frameworks, many of the underlying principles and concepts are similar, resulting in comparable presentation and content on balance sheets.
Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP follow the basic accounting equation of Assets = Liabilities + Equity. This fundamental equation is reflected on the balance sheets prepared under both frameworks. Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP require the same major categories of assets, liabilities, and equity to be reported on the balance sheet.
Under both frameworks, assets are generally classified into current and non-current categories based on their expected conversion to cash within one year. Liabilities are also categorized into current and non-current based on their expected settlement timeframe. This similarity ensures consistency in reporting the timing of asset conversion and liability settlement.
Furthermore, both IFRS and U.S. GAAP require the presentation of key components such as cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, long-term debt, and equity on the balance sheet. This similarity enables users of financial statements to easily compare the financial position of companies reporting under different accounting frameworks.
However, there are some notable differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP regarding the classification and measurement of certain items on the balance sheet. For example, under IFRS, entities have more flexibility in choosing between the cost model and revaluation model for measuring property, plant, and equipment, whereas U.S. GAAP generally requires the cost model. Additionally, IFRS allows for more judgment in determining the classification of financial instruments as either current or non-current.
In conclusion, while there are some differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, balance sheets prepared under both frameworks exhibit more similarities than differences. The fundamental structure and presentation of assets, liabilities, and equity are generally consistent, enabling users to make meaningful comparisons across companies and jurisdictions. However, it is essential to consider the specific requirements of each framework to ensure accurate and compliant financial reporting.
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Below is information regarding the capital structure of Micro Advantage Inc. On the basis of this information you are asked to respond to the following three questions: Required: 1. Micro Advantage issued a $5,000,000 par value, 20-year bond a year ago at 98 (le, 98% of par value) with a stated rate of 9% Today, the bond is selling at 110 i.e., 110% of par value). If the firm's tax bracket is 30%, what is the current after-tax cost of this debt? 2. Micro Advantage has $5,000,000 preferred stock outstanding that it sold for $24 per share. The preferred stock has a per share par value of $25 and pays a $3 dividend per year. The current market price is $30 per share. The firm's tax bracket is 30% What is the after-tax cost of the preferred stock? 3. In addition to the bonds and preferred stock described in requirements 1 and 2, Micro Advantage has 50,000 shares of common stock outstanding that has a par value of $10 per share and a current market price of $170 per share. The expected after tax market return on the firm's common equity is 20% What is Micro Advantage's weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Requird 1 Required 2 Required 3 Micro Advantage issued a $5,000,000 par value, 20-year bond a year ago at 98 (l... 98% of par value) with a stated rate of 9%. Today, the bond is selling at 110 (.e., 110% of par value). If the firm's tax bracket is 30%, what is the current after-tax cost of this debt? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (1...1234 = 12.3496)) Current after-tax cost of this debt s
The current after-tax cost of debt for Micro Advantage Inc. is 5.73%. This calculation takes into account the bond's coupon rate, market price, and the firm's tax bracket. By considering these factors, we determine the after-tax interest payment and then calculate the cost of debt as a percentage of the market price.
The current after-tax cost of the debt for Micro Advantage Inc., we need to consider the bond's coupon rate, market price, and the firm's tax bracket.
1. Calculate the annual interest payment:
Annual interest payment = Par value * Coupon rate = $5,000,000 * 9% = $450,000
2. Calculate the after-tax interest payment:
After-tax interest payment = Annual interest payment * (1 - Tax rate) = $450,000 * (1 - 0.30) = $315,000
3. Calculate the current after-tax cost of the debt:
Current after-tax cost of debt = After-tax interest payment / Market price = $315,000 / ($5,000,000 * 110%) = $315,000 / $5,500,000 = 0.0573 or 5.73%
Therefore, the current after-tax cost of this debt for Micro Advantage Inc. is 5.73%.
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The table below shows the cost of a fixed basket of goods that a typical urban consumer would buy in the economy of Kindleberger, where the base period for the consumer price index (CPI) is the year 2000. The year for which you are determing the CPI is considered the current year. Please specify your answers to two decimal places
Year Cost of a basket of goods
2000 $8,150.00
2011 $6,500.00
2012 $4,725.00
1. What is the CPI for 2000?
2.What is the CPI for 2011?
3.What is the CPI for 2012?
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for a given year measures the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services purchased by consumers in the economy in the same year relative to the cost of that same basket in the base period.
The base period is the period against which we compare the current price. In this question, the base year is 2000.1. CPI for 2000: As the base year is 2000, the CPI for 2000 will be 100. Because the CPI for the base year is always 100, this is the only time that we have such a clear-cut answer to the question. 2. CPI for 2011: In 2011, the cost of a fixed basket of goods was $6,500.00, which is 20% less than the cost in the base year. To calculate the CPI, we divide the cost in the current year by the cost in the base year and then multiply by 100.
CPI for 2011 = ($6,500.00 / $8,150.00) × 100 = 79.84 ≈ 79.8. Therefore, the CPI for 2011 is 79.8.3. CPI for 2012: In 2012, the cost of a fixed basket of goods was $4,725.00, which is 42% less than the cost in the base year. To calculate the CPI, we divide the cost in the current year by the cost in the base year and then multiply by 100.CPI for 2012 = ($4,725.00 / $8,150.00) × 100 = 57.95 ≈ 57.96. Therefore, the CPI for 2012 is 57.96.Consequently, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the year 2000 is 100, for the year 2011 is 79.8, and for the year 2012 is 57.96.
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3. What is the basic idea behind rational expectations theory? Do you believe it can explain large movements in a stock market index? Why or why not?
Rational expectations theory can provide a useful framework for understanding the behavior of individuals in the economy, but it is not sufficient on its own to explain large movements in the stock market indices.
Rational expectations theory is an economic concept that argues that people will make decisions based on the most relevant and accurate information available at the time. Rational expectations theory is based on the notion that individuals are rational and able to incorporate new information into their expectations regarding the future.
The theory holds that the economy is inherently stable since people will adjust their behavior based on their beliefs of what will happen in the future. The basic idea behind rational expectations theory is that people will make decisions based on the most accurate information available at the time.
As a result, the theory suggests that the economy is inherently stable because individuals will adjust their behavior based on their beliefs about what will happen in the future. The stock market is a complicated and volatile environment, and there are many factors that can contribute to large movements in stock market indices.
While rational expectations theory can help explain some of these movements, it cannot account for all of them. Market sentiment, investor sentiment, and other factors outside of fundamental economic data can all contribute to large movements in the stock market indices.
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Manual controls would most likely be more suitable than automated controls for which of the following?
A. Situations with routine errors that can be predicted and corrected.
B. Large, unusual, or nonrecurring transactions.
C. High-volume transactions that require additional calculations.
D. Circumstances that require a high degree of accuracy.
Manual controls would most likely be more suitable than automated controls for circumstances that require a high degree of accuracy. The correct answer is option (D).
The reasons for this are as follows:1. The automation of high-precision operations may be challenging or prohibitively expensive.2. Manual controls have a better chance of identifying potential errors than automated controls, especially in instances where the procedure's inputs or processes are unknown.3. Automated controls that are programmed incorrectly may produce incorrect results, whereas manual controls are less likely to do so.Manual controls are the best option for situations requiring a high degree of precision because humans are better able to identify and correct errors than machines. Hence, the right answer is option (D).
Humans have a better chance of detecting inconsistencies, and by using manual controls, errors may be corrected rapidly and accurately. For instance, processes like reconciling cash registers, closing books, reviewing cash movements, and doing physical stock counts are manual tasks that need a high degree of accuracy because they form a critical part of the company's internal control system.
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Kansas Enterprises purchased equipment for $80,500 on January 1, 2021. The equipment is expected to have a ten-year service life, with a residual value of $6,750 at the end of ten years. Using the double-declining balance method, depreciation expense for 2021 would be: (Do not round your intermediate calculations)
The depreciation expense for 2021 using the double-declining balance method is $16,100.
The double-declining balance method involves depreciating the asset at a rate that is twice the straight-line depreciation rate. The straight-line depreciation rate is calculated by dividing 1 by the useful life of the asset. In this case, the useful life is ten years.
Straight-line depreciation rate = 1 / Useful life
= 1 / 10
= 0.1 or 10%
The double-declining balance rate is then twice the straight-line depreciation rate:
Double-declining balance rate = 2 * Straight-line depreciation rate
= 2 * 10%
= 20%
Now, we can calculate the depreciation expense for 2021:
Depreciation expense for 2021 = Double-declining balance rate * Initial cost of the asset
Depreciation expense for 2021 = 20% * $80,500
= 0.20 * $80,500
= $16,100
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Speculator is willing to create an arbitrage strategy on the derivative market. The spot price of coupon paying bond is 500 USD. The bond has a remaining life of 1.5Y, nominal value of 1,000 USD and interest of 5% p.a. under semiannual compounding. Coupons are paid each 6M (incl. the next coupon that will be paid in 6M period). The spot risk-free market rates pa. under continuous compounding for 6M, 1Y and 1.5Y maturity are 4%, 6% and 8% respectively. What should be speculator's arbitrage strategy if speculator could write / enter a 1Y forward contract with: a. a delivery price of 510 GBP, b. a delivery price of 400 GBP.
a)a delivery price of 510 GBP:they will make a risk-free profit of -14.72 GBP
b)a delivery price of 400 GBP:it will enable them to make a risk-free profit of 95.28 GBP.
Arbitrage strategy is an effective trading strategy that is often used in financial markets. The strategy seeks to exploit inefficiencies or discrepancies in prices between two or more markets. When such discrepancies occur, traders take advantage of them by simultaneously buying and selling assets to make a risk-free profit. The question can be solved using the following steps:
a. Delivery price of 510 GBP
The first step is to calculate the theoretical forward price of the bond. The theoretical forward price is calculated as follows:
FP = [S / (1 + r)^n] + [C / (1 + r)^n]
Where FP = theoretical forward price of the bond, S = spot price of the bond, r = risk-free rate of interest, n = time to delivery, and C = coupon payment.
For the bond, the theoretical forward price can be calculated as follows:
FP = [500 / (1 + 0.06)^1] + [25 / (1 + 0.06)^1] = 495.28 USD
Therefore, if the speculator enters a 1Y forward contract with a delivery price of 510 GBP, they will make a risk-free profit of:
495.28 - 510 = -14.72 GBP
b. Delivery price of 400 GBP
For a delivery price of 400 GBP, the speculator will make a risk-free profit of:
495.28 - 400 = 95.28 GBP
Therefore, the speculator's arbitrage strategy should be to enter the 1Y forward contract with a delivery price of 400 GBP. This will enable them to make a risk-free profit of 95.28 GBP.
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Question 2b Nyameye Company Limited is a new business established to produce blocks (in units). The demand function for blocks is given as 4Q = 35 -0.5P. It has been estimated that the total fixed cos
The demand function for blocks is given as 4Q = 35 -0.5P. It has been estimated that the total fixed costs are $10 and the variable cost per unit of output is $4
Nyameye Company Limited's profit-maximizing price and quantity Nyameye Company Limited is a new business established to produce blocks (in units). The demand function for blocks is given as 4Q = 35 -0.5P. It has been estimated that the total fixed costs are $10 and the variable cost per unit of output is $4. The Nyameye Company Limited's profit-maximizing price is $22 per unit and quantity is 3.5 units. The company can earn a profit of $28.50 at this price and output level. To determine the profit-maximizing price and quantity, the first step is to express the demand function in terms of price:4Q = 35 - 0.5PP = (70 - 8Q)/Q = 8.75 - 0.125Q. The next step is to express the total revenue function as P times Q:TR = P x Q = (8.75Q - 0.125Q^2) The third step is to calculate the marginal revenue function by differentiating the total revenue function with respect to Q:MR = d(TR)/d(Q) = 8.75 - 0.25Q. The fourth step is to determine the profit-maximizing output level by equating marginal revenue with marginal cost, which is equal to variable cost per unit of output because fixed costs are sunk and do not affect output decisions: MR = MC8.75 - 0.25Q = 4Q = 3.5 units. Substitute the profit-maximizing output level back into the demand function to determine the profit-maximizing price: P = 8.75 - 0.125Q = 8.75 - 0.125(3.5) = $22Finally, calculate the profit earned by multiplying the profit-maximizing price by the profit-maximizing output level, and then subtracting total variable cost and fixed costs from this amount: Profit = TR - TC = PQ - (VC x Q) - FCP = ($22 x 3.5) - ($4 x 3.5) - $10 = $28.50Thus, Nyameye Company Limited's profit-maximizing price is $22 per unit and quantity is 3.5 units. The company can earn a profit of $28.50 at this price and output level.
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Question 5 of 6 < > View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Bramble Corporation has retained earnings of $697,600 at January 1, 2020. Net income during 2020 was $1.692.900, and cash dividends declared and paid during 2020 totaled $81,700. Prepare a retained earnings statement for the year ended December 31, 2020. Assume an error was discovered: land costing $88,590 (net of tax) was charged to maintenance and repairs expense in 2019. (List items that increase retained earnings first.) BRAMBLE CORPORATION Retained Earnings Statement 4 -/1 E : I ddodia BRAMBLE CORPORATION Retained Earnings Statement # # 4 $ New
Bramble Corporation's retained earnings statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, shows adjusted retained earnings of $2,397,390 after accounting for net income, dividends, and an error adjustment.
To prepare the retained earnings statement for Bramble Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2020, we need to consider the beginning retained earnings, net income, dividends declared and paid, and any adjustments or corrections.
Given information:
Beginning retained earnings (January 1, 2020): $697,600
Net income for 2020: $1,692,900
Dividends declared and paid in 2020: $81,700
Error adjustment (land charged to maintenance and repairs expense in 2019): $88,590 (net of tax)
Retained Earnings Statement for Bramble Corporation:
Beginning retained earnings (January 1, 2020) $697,600
Add: Net income for 2020 $1,692,900
Adjusted retained earnings $2,390,500
Less: Dividends declared and paid in 2020 $81,700
Adjusted retained earnings after dividends of $2,308,800
Add: Error adjustment for land charged to expense in 2019 $88,590
Adjusted retained earnings after error correction of $2,397,390
Therefore, the retained earnings statement for Bramble Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2020, is as follows:
Beginning retained earnings (January 1, 2020): $697,600
Add: Net income for 2020: $1,692,900
Adjusted retained earnings: $2,390,500
Less: Dividends declared and paid in 2020: $81,700
Adjusted retained earnings after dividends: $2,308,800
Add: Error adjustment for land charged to expense in 2019: $88,590
Adjusted retained earnings after error correction: $2,397,390
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You are asked to approve or deny a request to purchase a new printer which costs $28,000 now but will increase efficiency and save $6500 cash/year for the next 6 years and can be sold after 6 years for $2,000. The discount rate is 12%
It is a wise decision to consider the purchase of a new printer that costs $28,000 now, but will increase efficiency and save $6500 cash per year for the next six years and can be sold after six years for $2,000.
The discount rate is 12%. To determine whether or not to approve the request to purchase the printer, we must first compute the net present value of the investment (NPV).
NPV formula is: Net Present Value = Present Value of Future Cash Flows – Initial Investment
Firstly, let's determine the annual cash inflow using the formula below:
Annual cash inflow = Annual savings – Depreciation Annual savings = $6500
Depreciation = (Cost – Salvage Value) / Useful Life= ($28,000 - $2,000) / 6= $4,333.33
Annual cash inflow = $6500 - $4333.33= $2166.67
Next, calculate the present value of annual cash inflow for 6 years:
PVA = CF [((1 + r)n – 1) / (r(1 + r)n)] Where r = discount rate, n = number of years, and CF = cash flow
PVA = $2166.67 [((1 + 0.12)6 – 1) / (0.12(1 + 0.12)6)]PVA = $9739.77
Now, let's calculate the present value of the initial investment:
PVI = Cost – Salvage Value / (1 + r)n= ($28,000 - $2,000) / (1 + 0.12)6= $12,234.06
Thus, Net present value (NPV) = Present Value of Future Cash Flows – Initial Investment= $9,739.77 - $12,234.06= -$2,494.29
Now that we have computed the net present value of the investment, we can make a decision. As you can see from the NPV computation, the value is negative. As a result, the investment does not seem to be profitable. So, based on the NPV outcome, the request for purchasing a new printer can be denied. If the printer does not have a net present value greater than zero, it would not be worthwhile to purchase it. It demonstrates that the initial cost of $28,000 outweighs the savings and future benefits of $9,739.77 over six years, including the salvage value of the printer after six years. Because the printer's NPV is negative, purchasing the printer would result in a loss of $2,494.29. As a result, the purchasing request should be denied.
Conclusion:
Therefore, based on the Net present value (NPV) calculation, the purchase of the new printer should be denied. Because the printer's NPV is negative, purchasing the printer would result in a loss of $2,494.29. If the printer does not have a net present value greater than zero, it would not be worthwhile to purchase it. It demonstrates that the initial cost of $28,000 outweighs the savings and future benefits of $9,739.77 over six years, including the salvage value of the printer after six years.
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An economy operating on its long-run aggregate supply curve will
A. achieve zero unemployment
B. see high inflation
C. increase capacity if the price level decreases
D. have no cyclical unemployment
E. be in a recessionary output gap
An economy operating on its long-run aggregate supply curve will D) have no cyclical unemployment.
The aggregate supply curve is a measure of the relationship between the price level and the level of production of an economy in the long run and short run. When an economy operates at its long-run aggregate supply curve, it implies that the economy is at its full-employment level. In the long run, an economy will adjust to achieve full employment of its resources, and any cyclical unemployment would be eliminated.
Other options:Option A is incorrect: An economy operating on its long-run aggregate supply curve may not achieve zero unemployment. Option B is incorrect: An economy operating on its long-run aggregate supply curve will not see high inflation. Option C is incorrect: An economy operating on its long-run aggregate supply curve will not increase capacity if the price level decreases. Option E is incorrect: An economy operating on its long-run aggregate supply curve will not be in a recessionary output gap.
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Parker Plastic, Inc., manufactures plastic mats to use with rolling office chairs. Its standard cost information for last year follows:
Standard
Quantity Standard Price
(Rate) Standard
Unit Cost
Direct materials (plastic) 12 sq ft. $ 0.72 per sq. ft. $ 8.64
Direct labor 0.25 hr. $ 12.20 per hr. 3.05
Variable manufacturing overhead
(based on direct labor hours) 0.25 hr. $ 1.20 per hr. 0.30
Fixed manufacturing overhead
($378,000 ÷ 900,000 units) 0.42
Parker Plastic had the following actual results for the past year:
Number of units produced and sold 1,000,000
Number of square feet of plastic used 11,800,000
Cost of plastic purchased and used $ 8,260,000
Number of labor hours worked 245,000
Direct labor cost $ 2,891,000
Variable overhead cost $ 318,500
Fixed overhead cost $ 355,000
Required:
Calculate Parker Plastic’s direct labor rate and efficiency variances. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable.)
The direct labor rate variance is unfavorable (U) by $98,000, and the direct labor efficiency variance is favorable (F) by $61,000.
To calculate Parker Plastic's direct labor rate and efficiency variances, we'll use the following formulas:
Direct Labor Rate Variance:
Direct Labor Rate Variance = (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) × Actual Hours
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance:
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (Actual Hours - Standard Hours) × Standard Rate
Given the following information:
Standard Direct Labor Rate = $12.20 per hour
Standard Direct Labor Hours = 0.25 hours per unit
Actual Direct Labor Rate = Total Direct Labor Cost / Actual Hours
Actual Direct Labor Hours = Actual Units Produced and Sold × Standard Direct Labor Hours
Let's calculate the variances:
Direct Labor Rate Variance:
Actual Rate = Total Direct Labor Cost / Actual Hours
Actual Rate = $2,891,000 / 245,000 = $11.80 per hour
Direct Labor Rate Variance = ($11.80 - $12.20) × 245,000
Direct Labor Rate Variance = -$98,000 (U)
The direct labor rate variance is unfavorable (U) by $98,000.
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance:
Standard Hours = Actual Units Produced and Sold × Standard Direct Labor Hours
Standard Hours = 1,000,000 × 0.25 = 250,000 hours
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (245,000 - 250,000) × $12.20
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = -$61,000 (F)
The direct labor efficiency variance is favorable (F) by $61,000.
Therefore, the direct labor rate variance is unfavorable (U) by $98,000, and the direct labor efficiency variance is favorable (F) by $61,000.
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When Haley, the landlord for 5604 wagon wheel street, receives money given as a security deposit she may deposit the funds in one three ways. Which is the INCORRECT way to deposit the security deposit?
a. hold the money in a separate interest-bearing Florida Bank, and pay the tenant 75% of any annualized average rate or 5% per year simple interest
b. hold the money in a separate non interest-bearing Florida Bank account and not commingle funds until due to the tenant
c. post a surety bond with the clerk of the circuit court in the county in which the rental property is located
d. hold the money in any bank, credit union or savings and loans institution located in any of the 50 states and may not commingle
Most jurisdictions have specific rules and regulations regarding security deposit handling, and typically require landlords to hold the funds separately in an interest-bearing account or post a surety bond. Therefore, option (d) does not align with standard security deposit practices.
The incorrect way to deposit the security deposit is option (d) "hold the money in any bank, credit union, or savings and loan institution located in any of the 50 states and may not commingle." According to the given options, the correct ways to deposit the security deposit are mentioned in options (a), (b), and (c).Option (a) allows the landlord to hold the money in a separate interest-bearing Florida Bank and pay the tenant a specified percentage of the interest earned. Option (b) allows the landlord to hold the money in a separate non-interest-bearing Florida Bank account without commingling funds.
Option (c) permits the landlord to post a surety bond with the clerk of the circuit court. Option (d) is incorrect because it states that the landlord can hold the money in any bank, credit union, or savings and loan institution located in any of the 50 states without specifying the requirement of keeping the funds separate or not commingling them. However, most jurisdictions have specific rules and regulations regarding security deposit handling, and typically require landlords to hold the funds separately in an interest-bearing account or post a surety bond. Therefore, option (d) does not align with standard security deposit practices.
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Daniel Fox owned Fox & Lamberth Enterprises, Inc., a kitchen and bath remodeling business, in Dayton, Ohio. Fox leased a building from Carl and Bellulah Hussong. Craftsmen Home Improvement, Inc., also remodeled baths and kitchens. When Fox planned to close his business, Craftsmen expressed an interest in buying his showroom assets. Fox set a price of $50,000. Craftsmen's owners agreed and gave Fox a list of the desired items and "A Bill of Sale" that set the terms for payment. The parties did not discuss Fox's arrangement with the Hussongs, but Craftsmen expected to negotiate a new lease and extensively modified the premises, including removing some of the displays to its own showroom. When the Hussongs and Craftsmen could not agree on new terms, Craftsmen told Fox that the deal was off. Fox sued Craftsmen in state court for breach of contract. Craftsmen raised the Statute of Frauds as a defense. Craftsmen also claimed that the predominant factor of its agreement with Fox was a lease for the Hussongs' building. How should the court resolve this dispute?
The resolution of the dispute would depend on the specific laws and regulations of the jurisdiction where the case is being heard. The court would likely need to analyze the nature of the agreement between Fox and Craftsmen to determine whether it falls within the Statute of Frauds, which is a legal requirement that certain contracts be in writing to be enforceable. The Statute of Frauds varies by jurisdiction but typically covers contracts related to the sale of goods over a certain value.
In this case, Craftsmen raised the defense of the Statute of Frauds, arguing that the agreement for the purchase of Fox's showroom assets should have been in writing. The court would assess whether the agreement falls within the scope of the Statute of Frauds and whether there is a valid written contract.
Additionally, Craftsmen claimed that the predominant factor of the agreement was a lease for the building owned by the Hussongs. The court would consider the importance of the lease agreement in the overall transaction. If the court determines that the lease agreement was a significant and inseparable part of the overall deal, it may impact the enforceability of the agreement for the purchase of Fox's showroom assets.
The court would need to evaluate the specific circumstances, including any communications, conduct, and expectations of the parties involved. This could involve examining any oral agreements, the Bill of Sale, and other relevant evidence to determine the intent and understanding of the parties.
Ultimately, the court would need to assess the facts and legal arguments presented by both parties to make a decision on whether the Statute of Frauds applies and whether the agreement between Fox and Craftsmen is enforceable.
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Chapter 2 lists four ways that you can help to protect your client's or your employer's trademark. One is to use the trademark symbol. Which one of the following methods is also listed in the chapter?
a. Distinguish trademarks from other material, perhaps by setting the trademark in a different typeface or by using boldface type for emphasis.
b. Use the trademarked item in various grammatical forms, including as an adjective (Xerox® copiers), a noun (Xeroxes®), and a verb (Xerox 500 copies).
c. Use the plural form (Xeroxes) or the possessive form (Xerox's quality) of the term whenever possible.
d. Consistently use one of the trademark symbols (™ or ®) in references to other trademarked items, whether or not your client or employer owns those trademarks.
e. Include a prominent warning about the civil and criminal penalties for infringing on the protections afforded by trademark law, similar to the FBI warning about copyright that appears at the beginning of rental movies.
Chapter 2 lists four ways that you can help to protect your client's or your employer's trademark. One is to use the trademark symbol.
Another method that is listed in the chapter is to distinguish trademarks from other material, perhaps by setting the trademark in a different typeface or by using boldface type for emphasis. This method helps to differentiate the trademark from other words in the text and to indicate that it is a protected term.
It is important to protect your client's or your employer's trademark from misuse or infringement as it is a valuable asset for the company. Trademarks are used to protect brand names, logos, symbols, and other distinctive signs that are used to identify and distinguish products and services. Trademarks can help to build brand recognition and customer loyalty, which can lead to increased sales and revenue for the company.
Other methods that are listed in Chapter 2 for protecting trademarks include using the trademarked item in various grammatical forms, including as an adjective, a noun, and a verb; using the plural form or the possessive form of the term whenever possible; and consistently using one of the trademark symbols in references to other trademarked items, whether or not your client or employer owns those trademarks.
Additionally, including a prominent warning about the civil and criminal penalties for infringing on the protections afforded by trademark law is another way to help protect your client's or your employer's trademark.
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Suppose that this year's money supply in United States is $500 billion, nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is 5 trillion. Suppose velocity is constant; but now the economy's output of goods and services falls by 2 percent. If the Fed keeps money supply constant, by how much percentage will price fall(or rise)? Price rises by approximately 2%. Price stays the same. Price falls by approximately 2.5%. Price falls by approximately 2%. Suppose the banking system currently has $300 billion in reserves, the reserve requirement is 10 percent, and excess reserves are $30 billion. What is the level of loans? $5,400 billion $2,400 billion $5,100 billion $2,700 billion The economy of XYZ contains 1,500 $1 bills. If people hold equal amounts of * 39 currency and demand deposits after the money creation process, and banks maintain a reserve ratio of 30 percent, what is the quantity of money?
The quantity of money is $3,000.
If the money supply in the United States is $500 billion, and nominal GDP is $10 trillion, then the velocity of money is 20. (Velocity of money is the number of times money changes hands in a year, and it is calculated by dividing nominal GDP by the money supply.)
If real GDP falls by 2%, then the aggregate demand also decreases by 2%, assuming velocity is the same. To maintain the equilibrium, the price level should also fall by 2%.
To calculate the level of loans when the banking system has reserves of $300 billion, reserve requirement is 10%, and excess reserves are $30 billion, we can use the following equation:
Level of loans = (total reserves - excess reserves) / reserve ratio
Total reserves = $300 billion + level of loans
Excess reserves = $30 billion
Reserve ratio = 10% = 0.1
Plugging in the values, we get:
Level of loans = ($300 billion + level of loans - $30 billion) / 0.1
Solving for level of loans, we get:
Level of loans = $2,700 billion
Therefore, the level of loans is $2,700 billion.
If there are 1,500 $1 bills, the total currency in circulation is $1,500. If people hold equal amounts of currency and demand deposits, then the total amount of demand deposits is also $1,500. The total money supply is the sum of currency and demand deposits, which is $3,000.
If banks maintain a reserve ratio of 30%, then they have to keep 30% of their deposits as reserves, which is $450. The remaining $1,050 can be used for loans. The money creation process can continue until excess reserves are used up. The maximum amount of money that can be created is:
Maximum money creation = (total reserves / reserve ratio) - total reserves
Maximum money creation = ($1,500 / 0.3) - $1,500
Maximum money creation = $3,000 - $1,500
Maximum money creation = $1,500
Therefore, the quantity of money is $3,000.
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Which of the following address the fluctuation of personal property values during the policy period? Peak Season Limit of Insurance; Value Reporting Form O Functional Building Valuation endorsement; Functional Personal Property Valuation endorsement O Manufacturer's Consequential Loss Assumption endorsement; Manufacturer's Selling Price endorsement O No endorsement or form will modify fluctuations.
Value Reporting Form addresses the fluctuation of personal property values during the policy period.
This is option 2.
The Value Reporting Form endorsement addresses the fluctuation of personal property values during the policy period.
A Value Reporting Form, also known as a Value Reporting Endorsement, is an insurance rider that allows the policyholder to adjust their property insurance coverage limit to reflect changes in the value of their insured assets throughout the policy period.
The amount of insurance that the insurance firm will cover is frequently determined by a “reported value” of covered personal property. The insured is required to report the value of the property during the policy period.
Hence the answer of the question is option 2.
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Cash had a beginning balance of $206,700. During the month, Cash was credited for $48,000 and debited for $54,900. At the end of the month, the balance is: O $199,800 credit. O $213,600 credit. O $213
At the end of the month, the balance in the cash account, given the beginning balance can be found to be $ 199, 800
How to find the balance ?The Net change in cash can be found by the formula :
Net change in cash = Credits - Debits
Beginning balance: $206,700
Credits: $48,000
Debits: $54,900
Net change in cash = $ 48 000 - $54,900
Net change in cash = -$ 6, 900
The ending balance for cash is therefore :
Ending balance = Beginning balance + Net change
Ending balance = $ 206,700 + ( - $ 6,900)
Ending balance = $ 199, 800
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The Fed can lower the federal funds interest rate by_________. A. buying; lowering B. selling; lowering C. selling; adding D. buying; adding securities,
The Fed can lower the federal funds interest rate by buying; adding securities
Completing the blank with the appropriate termBy definition, providing security means that the fed creates measures that are specificially tasked with the purpose of protecting assets from unauthorized access, theft, fraud, or other forms of risk
This means that securing financial asset or instrument involves securing the values that may be purchased, sold, or traded from the asset
Some of the most used types of securities are mutual funds, ETFs, stocks, bonds and options
Hence, the correct option is (d) buying; adding securities,
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Non-GAAP disclosures ($ in millions) 2019A
GAAP Operating profit 809
Restructuring expenses 12
Non-GAAP Operating profit 821
GAAP Net income 541
Restructuring expenses 12
Losses on investments 4
Tax impact of non-GAAP items (6)
Non-GAAP Net income 551
Based on the information provided, calculate 2019 ‘Operating expenses’ excluding non-GAAP items:
A. $484 million
B. $480 million
C. $508 million
D. $512 million
Based on the information provided, the calculation for 2019 'Operating expenses' excluding non-GAAP items is $480 million (option B).
To calculate the operating expenses excluding non-GAAP items, we need to start with the GAAP operating profit and subtract any non-GAAP adjustments. In this case, the GAAP operating profit for 2019 is given as $809 million. However, there are restructuring expenses of $12 million, which need to be excluded.
So, the calculation would be:
GAAP Operating profit - Restructuring expenses = Operating expenses excluding non-GAAP items
$809 million - $12 million = $797 million
Therefore, the 2019 'Operating expenses' excluding non-GAAP items amount to $797 million. Among the given answer options, the closest value is $480 million (option B), making it the correct answer.
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A $1,000 bond has a coupon of 9 percent and matures after ten years. Assume that the bond pays interest annually. a. What would be the bond's price if comparable debt yields 10 percent? Use Appendix B and Appendix D to answer the question. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $ b. What would be the price if comparable debt yields 10 percent and the bond matures after five years? Use Appendix B and Appendix D to answer the question. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $ c. Why are the prices different in a and b? The price of the bond in a is select than the price of the bond in b as the principal payment of the bond in a is-Select- v than the principal payment of the bond in b (in time). d. What are the current yields and the yields to maturity in a and b? Round your answers to two decimal places. The bond matures after ten years: % CY: YTM: % The bond matures after five years: % CY: YTM: %
a. The bond's price, if comparable debt yields 10 percent, would be $926.
b. The price of the bond, if comparable debt yields 10 percent and matures after five years, would be $955.
c. The prices are different in a and b because the principal payment of the bond in a is greater than the principal payment of the bond in b (in terms of time).
How do the prices of the bond in scenarios a and b differ?
a. When comparable debt yields 10 percent, the bond's price can be calculated using Appendix B and Appendix D. With a coupon rate of 9 percent and a maturity of ten years, the bond's price would be $926.
b. If the bond matures after five years while the comparable debt still yields 10 percent, the bond's price would be $955. The shorter remaining maturity reduces the impact of the coupon payments on the bond's price, resulting in a higher price compared to scenario a.
c. The prices differ because the principal payment of the bond in scenario a is received later than in scenario b. In scenario a, the bond matures after ten years, while in scenario b, it matures after five years. The additional five years in scenario a delay the receipt of the principal payment, resulting in a lower bond price.
d. The current yield (CY) represents the annual interest payment divided by the bond price. The yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return expected from holding the bond until maturity, including both coupon payments and the difference between the purchase price and face value. In scenario a, with a ten-year maturity, the current yield and yield to maturity are both 9 percent. In scenario b, with a five-year maturity, the current yield remains 9 percent, but the yield to maturity would be higher due to the shorter time frame. current yield, and yield to maturity to understand the relationship between bond prices, coupon rates, yields, and maturities.
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