Q1 = 15 000 – 2.8PHT + 150A + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2P LCQ2 = 15 000 – 2.8PHT + 150(52.52) + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2PLCQ1 = 15 000 – 2.8(7000) + 150(52) + 0.3(4000) + 0.35(15000) + 0.2(8000)Q1 = 96 556Q2 = 15 000 – 2.8(7000) + 150(52.52) + 0.3(4000) + 0.35(15000) + 0.2(8000)Q2 = 96 615∆Qd = 96 615 – 96 556 = 59PED = ∆Qd / ∆A = 59 / 0.52 = 113.
Given:Q = 15 000 – 2.8PHT + 150A + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2PLC (5.2) (1.29) (175) (0.12) (0.17) (0.13) (SEE)R2 = 0.68 SEE = 786 F = 21.25Where,Q = Quantity demandedPHT = Price of high-tech touch screen laptop = R7 000A = Advertising expenditure (units of measurement is R1 000) = 52PSL = Average price of company’s standard laptops = R4 000PDC = Average price of company’s desktop computers = R15 000PLC = Average price of leading competitor’s best-selling laptop = R8 000The formula for the calculation of price elasticity of demand is given by:PED = ∆Qd / ∆PWhere,PED = Price elasticity of demand∆Qd = Change in quantity demanded∆P = Change in priceLet us calculate the elasticity for the high-tech laptop (PHT).For this, we need the coefficient of PHT. We can get that from the given demand function which is -2.8.PED = ∆Qd / ∆PTherefore, we need to calculate ∆Qd and ∆P. Let us assume the change in price (∆P) as 1%. Therefore,∆P = 1% of PHT = 1/100 x 7000 = 70So, the new price is 7000 + 70 = 7070 ∆Qd = Q2 - Q1For this, we need the quantity demanded at both prices PHT and PHT + ∆PQ1 = 15 000 – 2.8PHT + 150A + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2P LCQ2 = 15 000 – 2.8(7070) + 150A + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2PLCQ1 = 15 000 – 2.8(7000) + 150(52) + 0.3(4000) + 0.35(15000) + 0.2(8000)Q1 = 96 556Q2 = 15 000 – 2.8(7070) + 150(52) + 0.3(4000) + 0.35(15000) + 0.2(8000)Q2 = 95 194∆Qd = 96 556 – 95 194 = 136PED = ∆Qd / ∆P = 136 / 70 = 1.94Since the elasticity value is greater than 1, the demand for high-tech touch screen laptop is elastic.Now, let's calculate the elasticity of demand for advertising expenditure (A).We need the coefficient of A. From the given demand function, the coefficient of A is 150.PED = ∆Qd / ∆PTherefore, we need to calculate ∆Qd and ∆A. Let us assume the change in advertising expenditure (∆A) as 1%. Therefore,∆A = 1% of A = 1/100 x 52 = 0.52So, the new advertising expenditure is 52 + 0.52 = 52.52∆Qd = Q2 - Q1For this, we need the quantity demanded at both levels of advertising expenditure (A and A + ∆A)Q1 = 15 000 – 2.8PHT + 150A + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2P LCQ2 = 15 000 – 2.8PHT + 150(52.52) + 0.3PSL + 0.35PDC + 0.2PLCQ1 = 15 000 – 2.8(7000) + 150(52) + 0.3(4000) + 0.35(15000) + 0.2(8000)Q1 = 96 556Q2 = 15 000 – 2.8(7000) + 150(52.52) + 0.3(4000) + 0.35(15000) + 0.2(8000)Q2 = 96 615∆Qd = 96 615 – 96 556 = 59PED = ∆Qd / ∆A = 59 / 0.52 = 113.5Since the elasticity value is greater than 1, the demand for the laptop is elastic to advertising expenditure. Therefore, a decrease in advertising expenditure will cause a decrease in the quantity demanded more than proportionally, and an increase in advertising expenditure will cause an increase in the quantity demanded more than proportionally.
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The study of behavioral finance has best helped explain which of the following investor behav- iors? (a) Investors are often unable to short-sell unfavorable stocks. (b) Investors often create undiversified portfolios (c) Investors tend to sell their losing stocks and retain stocks that have capital gains. (d) Investors are generally too slow to update their beliefs in the face of new evidence 10. Briefly discuss some of the important findings of behavioral finance studies.
The study of behavioral finance has best helped explain investor behavior (c) investors tend to sell their losing stocks and retain stocks that have capital gains.
Behavioral finance studies have revealed several important findings that shed light on the cognitive biases and psychological factors influencing investment decisions. Some of these findings include:
Loss aversion: Investors exhibit a tendency to be more averse to losses than gains. This leads them to hold on to losing investments in the hope of recovering their losses, while selling winning investments too early to secure gains.
Herding behavior: Investors often mimic the actions of others, particularly in times of uncertainty or market volatility. This herd mentality can lead to market bubbles or crashes as investors collectively follow the same trends.
Overconfidence bias: Investors tend to overestimate their abilities and knowledge, leading them to take on excessive risks and make poor investment choices.
Anchoring bias: Investors tend to rely heavily on certain reference points or anchor values when making investment decisions, which can prevent them from accurately assessing new information.
Availability bias: Investors give greater weight to recent or easily accessible information, potentially overlooking important historical or contextual data.
In conclusion, the field of behavioral finance has provided valuable insights into the irrational and biased behaviors exhibited by investors. These findings highlight the importance of understanding cognitive biases and emotions in investment decision-making.
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your broker requires an initial margin of $900 per futures contract on wheat and a maintenance margin of $650 per contract. wheat futures contracts are based on 5,000 bushels and quoted in cents per bushel. you sold 6 wheat futures contracts at a price quote of 673 cents per bushels. today, the settlement quote is 681 cents per bushels. will you receive a margin call and if so, for what amount (6 contracts totally)? assume you have not received any previous margin calls. a. call for $900 b. call for $400 c. call for $150 d. call for $2,400 e. no margin call
The Initial Equity is $2,400 for the maintenance margin of $3,900. Thus, option D is correct.
Price at Sale = 673 cents
Price at Settlement = 681 cents
Contract Size = 5,000 bushels
Number of Contracts = 6 contracts
The initial equity can be calculated as:
Initial Equity = (Price at Sale - Price at Settlement) x Contract Size x Number of Contracts
Initial Equity = (673 cents - 681 cents) x 5,000 bushels x 6 contracts
Initial Equity = -8 cents x 5,000 bushels x 6 contracts
Initial Equity = $2,400
The maintenance margin = $650 x 6 = $3,900.
Margin Call = Maintenance Margin Requirement - Initial Equity
Margin Call = $3,900 - (-$2,400)
Margin Call = $3,900 + $2,400
Margin Call = $6,300
Therefore, we can conclude that the Initial Equity is $2,400.
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Analyze the following point about Petroleum Development Oman company (PDO) :
1. What is the organization structure of Petroleum development Oman? Based on your learnings from this module what in your opinion is the best structure for this organization and why?
2. Out of the four organization cultures you learned during this module, explain which culture is used in this company? In your opinion analyze which would be the most ideal culture and why?
3. If you are the leader of this organization analyze the following:
a. Which management style will you use? Give justification.
b. How are you going to motivate the employees of this organization? Explain and justify your points.
1. Organization Structure of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO)Petroleum Development Oman company (PDO) has a hierarchical structure. PDO is a joint venture between the Oman Government and Royal Dutch Shell, and operates under the Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) framework.
It has more than 100 different nationalities working in various aspects of its operations from drilling, exploration, production, and manufacturing. In my opinion, the best structure for this organization would be the functional structure. In this structure, all employees are organized by their skill and specialization. Each department focuses on a particular area of expertise. By using a functional structure, PDO can operate more efficiently, and it will be easy to train and develop employees because of the clear specialization of roles.
2. Organizational culture in PDOOut of the four organizational cultures (Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hierarchy), the hierarchy culture is utilized in PDO. The Hierarchy culture values structure and control. The organization emphasizes rules and regulations to maintain order. In my opinion, the most ideal culture for PDO would be the clan culture. This culture promotes a sense of community and teamwork within the organization. It would be beneficial for PDO as a multinational company to have a clan culture as it would encourage cross-cultural relationships and harmonize PDO's internal environment.
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Outline activities that accountants could take to assist their company discharge their social responsibilities
1. Measuring and Reporting of Social Performance
2. Assessing Environmental Impact
3. Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
4. Providing Taxation advice
5. Offering Guidance on Regulatory Compliance
6. Ensuring Transparency and Accuracy
7. Promoting Ethical Behavior
8. Analysis of Social Risks and Opportunities
Accountants play a crucial role in aiding companies to discharge their social responsibilities. Here are some of the activities that accountants could take to assist their company discharge their social responsibilities:1. Measuring and Reporting of Social Performance: Accountants can help in measuring, recording, and reporting the social performance of a company.2. Assessing Environmental Impact: Accountants can analyze a company’s environmental impact, including carbon footprint.3. Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives: Accountants could assess the effectiveness of CSR initiatives of the company and provide an annual CSR report.4. Providing Taxation advice: Accountants can suggest that companies adopt ethical taxation policies to build a better relationship with the community.
5. Offering Guidance on Regulatory Compliance: Accountants can suggest that companies adhere to environmental and social regulations to avoid legal issues and penalties.6. Ensuring Transparency and Accuracy: Accountants can ensure that the financial statements of the company accurately reflect their social performance to enhance transparency.7. Promoting Ethical Behavior: Accountants can recommend ethical policies and practices that the company can implement to be socially responsible.8. Analysis of Social Risks and Opportunities: Accountants can analyze the company's social risks and opportunities and provide solutions that enhance the company's social responsibility.
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Which of the following is true regarding groupthink? Groupthink results in a tendency for team members to conform to group pressure in making decisions. O Groupthink generates diverse ideas and conclusions. Groupthink results in team members spending considerable time weighing the pros and cons of a decision. O With groupthink, it is common for a team member to take a stand that differs from the opinion of others in the group.
The statement that is true regarding groupthink is, "Groupthink results in a tendency for team members to conform to group pressure in making decisions". Option a is correct.
Groupthink is a term coined by social psychologist Irving Janis. It refers to the tendency of a group of people to follow the dominant ideas, thoughts, and opinions of the group, often resulting in irrational and dysfunctional decision-making.
The following are true regarding groupthink.
Groupthink results in a tendency for team members to conform to group pressure in making decisions.Groupthink generates less diverse ideas and conclusions.Groupthink results in team members spending little time weighing the pros and cons of a decision.With groupthink, it is rare for a team member to take a stand that differs from the opinion of others in the group.
Therefore, a is correct.
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a company is considering the purchase of a new machine that costs $11,000 with no salvage value. the machine will generate net cash inflow of $3,000 at the end of each year for five years. the company uses a discount rate of 10%. the factor for present value of an annuity for five years at 10% is 3.791. the factor for present value of $1 for five years at 10% is 0.621. the factor for future value of $1 at 10% for five years is 1.611. the factor for future value of an annuity for five years at 10% is 6.1053. what is the new machine's net present value?
The net present value (NPV) of the new machine is $373.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the new machine, you need to discount the net cash inflows by the discount rate and subtract the initial cost of the machine. The formula for NPV is as follows:
NPV = (Net Cash Inflow / Discount Rate) - Initial Cost
Given:
Initial Cost = $11,000
Net Cash Inflow = $3,000 per year for 5 years
Discount Rate = 10%
First, calculate the present value of the net cash inflow using the factor for an annuity:
Present Value of Net Cash Inflow = Net Cash Inflow × Factor for Present Value of an Annuity
Present Value of Net Cash Inflow = $3,000 × 3.791 = $11,373
Next, calculate the NPV:
NPV = (Present Value of Net Cash Inflow) - Initial Cost
NPV = $11,373 - $11,000 = $373
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the new machine is $373.
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3. Which of the following would NOT be part of the opportunity costs of going to college? A. The money spent on tuition B. Interest payments on student loans C. Money spent on textbooks D. Foregone wages given up to attend college E. Money spent on clothes
Opportunity cost is defined as the value of best alternative foregone when an economic decision is made. Money spent on clothes would NOT be part of the opportunity costs of going to college. The correct option E.
Opportunity cost is an important concept in economics. It is the cost of the next best option that one has to give up while making a choice. In other words, the opportunity cost is the value of the best alternative foregone when an economic decision is made.
In the context of going to college, the opportunity costs typically include items directly related to education and income potential. A, B, C, and D are all examples of opportunity costs associated with going to college. They involve financial resources and potential earnings that could have been used for other purposes. However, money spent on clothes does not directly relate to the decision to attend college and does not represent a trade-off between alternatives in this context.
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A company has an opportunity to either take a bank loan or issue corporate bonds. In either case, it would face a 6 percent cost of debt. However, currently, the company does not have any debt. It onl
The overall cost of capital will still increase, so the company should carefully consider the pros and cons of each option before making a decision.
If a company has an opportunity to either take a bank loan or issue corporate bonds, it would face a 6% cost of debt. However, if the company does not have any debt, it only has to pay the cost of equity. Cost of equity is the rate of return that investors expect from the company's stock.
The company's cost of equity is affected by a variety of factors, including the company's beta, the risk-free rate, and the market risk premium.In general, cost of equity is more expensive than the cost of debt because it represents the compensation that equity investors require for the higher risk of investing in a company's stock rather than lending it money.
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Which of the following is not one of the criteria for revenue recognition?
a. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists.
b. Collectability is certain.
c. Delivery has occurred or services have been provided.
d. The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed and determinable.
The answer is b. Collectability is certain.
The criteria for revenue recognition provide guidelines for when and how revenue should be recognized in the financial statements. They help ensure that revenue is recorded in a manner that accurately reflects the earning process and the company's performance.
Option b states that collectability is certain, but this is not one of the criteria for revenue recognition. While the collectability of revenue is important for the financial stability of a company, it is not a criterion for recognizing revenue. Instead, collectability is considered as part of the assessment of the realizability of revenue, which is a separate accounting consideration.
The other options all represent criteria for revenue recognition:
a. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists: This criterion requires that there is a documented agreement or contract between the company and the customer, providing evidence of the terms and conditions of the transaction.
c. Delivery has occurred or services have been provided: Revenue should be recognized when the company has fulfilled its obligations under the contract by delivering goods or providing services to the customer.
d. The seller's price to the buyer is fixed and determinable: This criterion ensures that the selling price is established and can be reliably measured, allowing for the recognition of revenue.
In conclusion, the criteria for revenue recognition include the existence of an arrangement, delivery of goods or services, and a fixed and determinable price. Collectability, while important, is not one of the specific criteria for revenue recognition.
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When consumers are involved in marketing activities as customers and business organizations are involved as marketers, the process is described as .......... C2C marketing C2B marketing B2C marketing
When consumers are involved in marketing activities as customers and business organizations are involved as marketers, the process is described as C. B2C marketing.
In B2C marketing, companies and business organizations offer their goods and services to individual consumers. B2C, or business-to-consumer, refers to the transaction process that takes place between a business and individual consumers. B2C marketing is often associated with retail and e-commerce transactions. This type of marketing involves generating interest in products or services offered by a business through advertising, promotions, and other marketing strategies to encourage consumer demand and to ultimately influence purchasing decisions.
Consumers are the target audience for B2C marketing, and as such, businesses must tailor their strategies to appeal to consumers' needs, desires, and preferences. Additionally, businesses may focus on building brand recognition and customer loyalty to establish long-term relationships with consumers. So therefore the correct answer is C. B2C marketing is the process when consumers are involved in marketing activities as customers and business organizations are involved as marketers.
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James bought an option contract on Optus shares with an exercise price of $60 and an expiry date of three months. The market price for Optus shares today is $56.85. The call price is trading at $0.45.
Calculate the break-even amount for the call position and draw a fully labelled diagram for both buyer of the option and seller of the option.
At what minimum share price will the option buyer exercise the option on the expiration date?
the minimum share price at which the option buyer can exercise the option on the expiration date is $60. For this option to be profitable at expiration, the stock price must rise above $60.45 by at least the premium of $0.45.
A break-even point is the point at which the gains equal the losses. To calculate the break-even amount for the call position, the premium is added to the exercise price.
Break-even point for the buyer of the call option will be calculated as follows:
Break-even point = Exercise price + Premium = $60 + $0.45 = $60.45
The minimum share price at which the option buyer can exercise the option on the expiration date will be the exercise price.
Hence, the minimum share price at which the option buyer can exercise the option on the expiration date is $60.
For the seller of the call option, a maximum profit of $0.45 is made if the stock price stays below $60.45 until expiration. In this case, the seller retains the premium of $0.45.
This is illustrated in the following diagram: For the call option buyer, the following diagram shows that the buyer of the call option profits from the call option when the share price exceeds the break-even point. For this option to be profitable at expiration, the stock price must rise above $60.45 by at least the premium of $0.45.
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A supply curve that is parallel to the vertical axis suggests that the relevant time period is: A) the immediate run. B) the short run C) the long run, and this is an increasing-cost industry. D) the long run, and this is a constant-cost industry.
A supply curve that is parallel to the vertical axis indicates that the relevant period is the long run, and it belongs to the constant cost industry. An increasing cost industry is where the production cost rises as the industry expands. In contrast, the constant cost industry is where production costs do not vary with the level of output.
The supply curve shows the different quantities of a good that manufacturers are willing to produce at each price point. It can be used to figure out the supply and demand of products, as well as predict future price changes.A supply curve that is parallel to the vertical axis suggests that the relevant time period is the long run, and it is a constant-cost industry. When a producer wishes to increase output in the long run, they will have to buy more equipment, employ more workers, and so on.As a result, the producer's costs of production will rise, and the firm's supply curve will move up and to the left. If a producer wants to reduce production in the long run, they may sell equipment, lay off employees, and so on. As a result, the producer's production costs will decrease, and the supply curve will move down and to the right.In conclusion, the supply curve is an essential tool in economics. It allows us to predict how producers will respond to price changes in the market and the supply and demand of products. If the supply curve is parallel to the vertical axis, it suggests that the relevant time period is the long run, and it is a constant-cost industry.For such more question on vertical axis
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costs that are associated with time devoted to the coordination in meetings and briefings as well as time necessary to resolve disconnects between tasks are known as ____________ costs.
The costs associated with time devoted to coordination in meetings and briefings, as well as the time necessary to resolve disconnects between tasks, are known as coordination costs.
Coordination costs refer to the expenses incurred in ensuring effective communication, collaboration, and alignment among team members or different tasks within a project or organization. These costs arise from the need to synchronize efforts, exchange information, address conflicts, and ensure that activities progress smoothly and in harmony. By managing coordination costs effectively, organizations can enhance productivity, reduce delays, and optimize resource allocation. The costs associated with time devoted to coordination in meetings and briefings, as well as the time necessary to resolve disconnects between tasks, are known as coordination costs.
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After watching the video A Case for Strengths and reading pages 1-18 of Strength-Based Leadership, answer the the following questions: Why is it important that leaders invest in their strengths and the strengths of others around them? What are the three key findings about strengths that emerged from the Gallup research? Why is this important?
It is important for leaders to invest in their strengths and the strengths of others around them for several reasons. Firstly, focusing on strengths allows leaders to tap into their innate talents and abilities, enabling them to perform at their best.
When leaders operate from a position of strength, they experience higher levels of engagement, fulfillment, and productivity. Secondly, investing in the strengths of others fosters a positive and empowering work environment.
By recognizing and utilizing the strengths of team members, leaders can create opportunities for individuals to excel and contribute meaningfully to the organization. This not only enhances overall team performance but also promotes a culture of collaboration and mutual support.
Lastly, developing strengths can lead to greater innovation and problem-solving capabilities. When leaders leverage their strengths and encourage others to do the same, they unlock diverse perspectives and expertise, leading to more creative solutions and better outcomes.
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the per share amount normally assigned by the board of directors to a small stock dividend (e.g. 5% of shares outstanding) is select one: a. the market value of the stock on the date of declaration. b. the average price paid by stockholders on outstanding shares. c. the par or stated value of the stock. d. zero.
The per share amount normally assigned by the board of directors to a small stock dividend (e.g. 5% of shares outstanding) is usually the par or stated value of the stock. Option c is correct.
The par value of the stock is the minimum amount at which a share of stock can be sold. It is a nominal value assigned to a stock by a company's board of directors.
A stock dividend is when a company issues additional shares of its own stock as a dividend payment to its existing shareholders.
Therefore, c. the par or stated value of the stock is correct.
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EXERCISE 1A Consider the demand curve shown in the figure. Suppose that the unit cost (the cost of producing each pound of Cheerios) is C = $3. Demand curve 08000 15000 24000 32000 40000 48000 56000 6
The answer is: At a price of $6, the quantity demanded of Cheerios is 32,000 pounds.
The demand curve that has been given in the figure above can be analyzed using various concepts of Microeconomics. In this case, we are asked to determine the quantity of Cheerios that will be demanded by the consumers at the different price levels. Suppose that the unit cost of producing each pound of Cheerios is C = $3. The relationship between the price of Cheerios and the quantity demanded by consumers is called the demand relationship. Suppose that we want to know the quantity demanded at a particular price, say $6. We begin by locating $6 on the vertical axis and then draw a horizontal line across to the demand curve. The point where this line intersects the demand curve is the point on the curve that corresponds to a price of $6. The quantity demanded at a price of $6 is 32,000 pounds of Cheerios. So, the answer is: At a price of $6, the quantity demanded of Cheerios is 32,000 pounds.
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On June 30, 2021, Blair Industries had outstanding $106 million of 9% convertible bonds that mature on June 30, 2022. Interest is payable each year on June 30 and December 31. The bonds are convertible into 9 million shares of $10 par common stock. At June 30, 2021, the unamortized balance in the discount on bonds payable account was $4 million. On June 30, 2021, half the bonds were converted when Blair's common stock had a market price of $43 per share. When recording the conversion, Blair should credit paid-in capital-excess of par: $8 million. $4 million. Loooo $6 million. $10 million.
When recording the conversion, Blair should credit paid-in capital-excess of par: $6 million. A convertible bond is a kind of bond that can be converted into a certain number of shares of the issuer's common stock at a predetermined price or exchange ratio.
The convertible bond's yield-to-maturity is greater than a non-convertible bond's yield-to-maturity. The conversion feature allows investors to profit from the upside potential of the underlying stock. In other words, convertible bonds pay lower interest rates than equivalent non-convertible bonds because investors are given a potential option to benefit from equity growth if the bond issuer's common stock value rises.How to calculate the bond discount?Bond discount is calculated by subtracting the bond's face value from the initial sales price. When the initial sales price is lower than the bond's face value, bonds are sold at a discount.
Paid-in capital, also known as contributed capital, is the amount of money investors have given to a corporation in exchange for stock. Paid-in capital exceeds par value is the difference between the par value of the stock and the amount of cash paid for each share above the par value. In this case, the convertible bond's unamortized discount on June 30, 2021, was $4 million. Half of the bonds were converted when the common stock was trading at $43 per share. The bond is convertible into 9 million shares of $10 par common stock. So, $43 * 4.5 million shares is equal to $193.5 million in total. The conversion price is calculated as $106 million in outstanding bonds divided by 9 million in conversion shares, which equals $11.78 per share.
So, there were 4.5 million shares converted into common stock, and the conversion was valued at $52.5 million ($11.78 per share times 4.5 million shares). When recording the conversion, Blair should credit paid-in capital-excess of par: $6 million. Answer: $6 million.
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Question 8 One of the characteristics of a general partnership is voluntary association. O True O False Moving to another question will save this response. 1 poin
The given statement that says "One of the characteristics of a general partnership is voluntary association" is True.
Explanation: In the business world, a general partnership is a type of business organization in which two or more people, called partners, pool their resources to start a business. The partners then share profits and losses, as well as management responsibilities and risks. In a general partnership, voluntary association is one of the most important features. It means that the partners have agreed to form a business together and have made a deliberate decision to do so.
Furthermore, unlike a corporation, a partnership is not a legal entity on its own. Instead, it is just a collection of individuals who have agreed to work together. The partners in a general partnership are jointly and severally liable for the partnership's debts and obligations. As a result, each partner is responsible for the debts and obligations of the partnership as a whole. This means that if the partnership is unable to pay its debts, each partner can be held personally responsible for the entire amount owed.
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A limited liability company (llc) offers the limited ______ of principal owners of a corporation, and the pass-through ______ of a partnership.
A limited liability company (LLC) offers the limited liability of principal owners of a corporation, and the pass-through taxation of a partnership. An LLC is a hybrid type of legal structure that offers the liability protection of a corporation combined with the simplicity and tax flexibility of a sole proprietorship or partnership.
Limited liability of principal owners of a corporation The primary advantage of the LLC is that it offers the limited liability of a corporation for its owners, or "members." This means that the personal assets of the members are protected from business liability.
In other words, the company's debts or legal issues don't affect the personal finances of the members.Pass-through taxation of a partnershipThe other main advantage of the LLC is its pass-through taxation feature. This means that the profits and losses of the company are passed through to its members and reported on their individual income tax returns. This eliminates the "double taxation" issue that arises with corporations.
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Which of the following can be the consequence of a regional trade agreement? 1. More complicated custom duty 2. Increase in competition 3. Larger choices for consumers O 1.1 and 2 only 2.2 and 3 only O 3.1 and 3 only O 4.1,2, and 3
A regional trade agreement can have the following consequences: Promotion of trade, Disintegration of global trade, Possible impacts on consumers, Economic effects, Possible influences on governance and etc.
1. Promotion of trade: A regional trade agreement can have a positive effect on trade.
2. Disintegration of global trade: Regional trade agreements can lead to the fragmentation of the global trade system.
3. Possible impacts on consumers: Consumers are influenced by regional trade agreements.
4. Economic effects: Regional trade agreements have both direct and indirect economic consequences.
5. Possible influences on governance: Regional trade agreements can have an effect on governance.
6. Regional value chain development: Regional trade agreements can promote regional value chain development, increasing productivity and efficiency.
7. Geopolitical implications: Regional trade agreements can have geopolitical implications.
8. Effects on international security: Regional trade agreements can have an effect on international security.
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a. Discuss why investors perceive share buy-backs to be weaker than a cash dividend? (4 marks) b. You own 5,000 shares of Irri-gate Co. The company has decided to pay a special dividend of $2.00 per share. Dividend payments are taxed at 15 per cent. You intend to reinvest your dividend back into the company, but the company does not have a dividend reinvestment program. To reinvest through your broker, you will have to pay a $65 commission. If the company's shares are trading at $14.00 following the dividend payment, how many additional shares will you be able to purchase? (3 marks)
a. Investors perceive share buy-backs to be weaker than a cash dividend because;
Dividends provide immediate cash returns, while buybacks rely on stock price increaseDividends offer stable income, while buybacks are subject to market volatilityb. The additional share is 602.5
How to determine the additional shareTo determine the additional share, we have;
The total dividend payment is 5,000 × $2.00
= $10,000
After taxes is $10,000 × 0.85 = $8,500.
For purchasing additional share = $8,500 - $65 = $8,435.
Additional shares that can be purchased is expressed as;
= $8,435 / $14.00
Divide the values, we get;
= 602. 5
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During a recent civil emergency, a government placed a maximum price on bottled water which was far below the equilibrium price. Explain how this might have the opposite effect in some cases and create a black market with very high prices being paid for drinking water. How high could black market prices for drinking water potentially go? Provide one or more diagrams to illustrate your answer
During a recent civil emergency, a government placed a maximum price on bottled water which was far below the equilibrium price. This might have the opposite effect in some cases and create a black market with very high prices being paid for drinking water.
The government regulation of setting a maximum price on bottled water during a civil emergency situation can cause a shortage of drinking water. At a price below the equilibrium price, there will be an increase in the quantity of demand for bottled water and a decrease in the quantity of supply. Since the price is lower than the equilibrium price, the quantity demanded of bottled water exceeds the quantity supplied, causing a shortage of drinking water.As a result, some suppliers may not be willing to provide water at the regulated maximum price.
Consumers who need the water will be willing to pay more than the maximum price set by the government, which will result in a black market where water will be sold at a higher price than the government regulated price. The black market price will continue to increase until it reaches the point where it equals the demand and supply forces in the market. In a scenario where there is a limited supply of water, the black market price could be very high, and the shortage may persist until the supply increases or the price increases to reduce demand. The figure below illustrates how the imposition of a maximum price creates a shortage of bottled water in a market.
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A proposal manufacturing plant will have an annual fixed costs of $60,000, a variable costs of $35 per
unit of output, and a revenue of S55 per unit of output.
(A) Determine the break-even quantity.
(B) What volume of output will be necessary for an annual profit of $60,000?
(C) What is the importance of break-even quantity?
(A) Determining the break-even quantity Fixed cost = $60,000Variable cost per unit = $35Selling price per unit = $55.
Let’s first calculate the break-even point of the manufacturing plant by using the following formula:
Break-even point = (Fixed cost) / (Selling price - Variable cost)
BE point = 60,000 / (55 - 35) = 2,000 units.
Thus, the break-even quantity of the plant is 2,000 units.
(B) Volume of output necessary for an annual profit of $60,000
Fixed cost = $60,000
Variable cost per unit = $35
Selling price per unit = $55
Let’s find the volume of output necessary for an annual profit of $60,000.
We use the following formula to find out the volume of output:
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost Total revenue = Selling price * Volume of output Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost * Volume of output
$60,000 = ($55 * Volume of output) - ($60,000 + $35 * Volume of output)$60,000 = $55V - $60,000 - $35V$60,000 + $60,000 = $55V - $35VV = $120,000 / $20V = 6,000 units
The volume of output necessary for an annual profit of $60,000 is 6,000 units.
(C) Importance of break-even quantity:
Break-even quantity helps companies to determine the point at which total revenue equals total costs, thus assisting in finding out the amount of revenue and quantity that is needed to cover all costs.
This break-even point is important in determining whether or not a business or company will be profitable.
In addition, it assists in identifying potential cost savings, as well as providing a clear picture of the business's financial position.
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Southland Industries has $65,000 of 7% (annual interest) bonds outstanding, 1,500 shares of preferred stock paying an annual dividend of $5.00 per share, and 3,500 shares of common stock outstanding.
Southland Industries has $65,000 of 7% bonds outstanding, 1,500 shares of preferred stock paying an annual dividend of $5.00 per share, and 3,500 shares of common stock outstanding.
Bonds are essentially loans that are issued to companies by investors. The company pays interest on the bonds on a regular basis, just as they would pay interest on a loan. Southland Industries has $65,000 of bonds outstanding that pay 7% annual interest to bondholders. This means that each year, the company owes bondholders $4,550 ($65,000 x 0.07) in interest payments.
Preferred stock is a type of stock that pays dividends to shareholders before common stock does. Southland Industries has 1,500 shares of preferred stock that pay an annual dividend of $5.00 per share. This means that each year, the company owes preferred stockholders $7,500 ($5.00 x 1,500) in dividend payments.
Common stock is the type of stock that most people think of when they think of the stock market. Common stockholders own a portion of the company and have the potential to receive dividends and capital gains (or losses) from their investment. Southland Industries has 3,500 shares of common stock outstanding, but we are not given any information about dividends or any other payments associated with this type of stock.
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These questions are based off the movie, "The Big Short". Please answer ASAP, thanks! It's a multi-question answer, so it would be great if you could answer at least half of them (if not all of them).
The Big Short is a drama film based on the book of the same name by Michael Lewis. The film highlights the build-up to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, leading to the Great Recession. The following are the answers to some of the questions based on the movie, "The Big Short."
Why did the big banks rate junk bonds as AAA?The big banks rated junk bonds as AAA because of the money involved. Before the financial crisis of 2007-2008, banks and mortgage lenders made a lot of money selling home loans to people who were unable to afford them. Banks were more interested in making money than worrying about the fact that they were giving mortgages to people who would never be able to pay them back. Therefore, banks had to come up with a way to sell these risky loans to investors.
Burry analyzed the mortgage data of the banks and saw that the majority of the loans were given to people who would never be able to pay them back. These loans were then repackaged into CDOs and sold to investors. Burry bought credit default swaps on these CDOs, which meant that he was betting against the housing market. He was sure that the housing market would crash, and his bet paid off.
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Which of the following statements regarding the business market is correct?
A. The business market is not as large as the consumer market in terms of dollars spent and items purchased.
B. The business market has more buyers than the consumer market.
C. Business buying decisions are less complex than consumer buying decisions.
D. In the business market buying process, buyers and sellers are less dependent on each other than in the consumer market.
E. Business marketers normally deal with far fewer but far larger buyers than the consumer marketer does.
The following statement regarding the business market are correct: Business marketers normally deal with far fewer but far larger buyers than consumer marketer does. The correct option is E.
A business market is a market in which firms buy goods and services to use in their production processes. The business market has its own special characteristics and dynamics.
Business marketing is the process of promoting and selling products and services to organizations or other businesses for use in the production of goods and services, for use in general business operations, or for resale to other consumers.
The target market for business marketing is made up of firms or organizations that acquire goods and services to produce their own goods and services, to use in their general business operations, or to resell to other consumers.
The correct option is E.
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The following is selected data for Sullivan Equipment, Inc., for the current year. (Click the icon to view the selected data.) Requirement 1. Calculate the return on assets (ROA) and the fixed asset turnover ratio for Sullivan Equipment for the current year. Round your answers to two decimal places Start by calculating the return on assets (ROA) Select the formula and then complete the calculation (Round your answers to two decimal places, XXX%) Return on assets The following is selected data for Sullivan Equipment, Inc, for the current year Requirement 1. Calculate the resets (CA) and the Red annet utover rain the Sun Equipment for the cument year Round your ans Start by calculating the reason assets (ROA) Select the formula and then complete the calculation (Round your answers to two decimal Data table Not income Total current sets, beginning Tatal carent assets, ending Property, plant and equipment, beginning Property, plant and equipment, endog Total assets beginning Print Done 540,000 49,000 $4.000 117,000 254.000 331.000 300 000 500.000
The return on assets (ROA) for Sullivan Equipment, Inc. can be calculated by dividing the net income by the average total assets.
How do you calculate the net income for Sullivan Equipment, Inc.?Net income is the profit earned by the company after deducting all expenses from the total revenue. In order to calculate net income, you need to subtract the cost of goods sold (COGS), operating expenses, and taxes from the total revenue. The formula for net income is:
Net Income = Total Revenue - COGS - Operating Expenses - Taxes
To calculate the average total assets, you need to add the beginning and ending total assets and divide the sum by 2. The formula for average total assets is:
Average Total Assets = (Total Assets, Beginning + Total Assets, Ending) / 2
Once you have calculated the net income and average total assets, you can determine the return on assets (ROA) by dividing the net income by the average total assets and multiplying the result by 100 to express it as a percentage. The formula for ROA is:
ROA = (Net Income / Average Total Assets) * 100
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#SPJ11Which is the goal for designing the Post Hospital Meal Benefit which offers nutritious meals post-discharge from an acute in-patient stay and available in all our markets?
The goal for designing the Post Hospital Meal Benefit which offers nutritious meals post-discharge from an acute in-patient stay and available in all our markets is to provide patients with proper nutrition to speed up their recovery and reduce the risk of rehospitalization
Post-discharge nutrition plays a crucial role in a patient's recovery, which is why the Post Hospital Meal Benefit is a well-thought-out initiative that aims to provide patients with nutritious meals after their acute in-patient stay. The goal of designing this program is to ensure that patients receive the necessary nutrients to speed up their recovery and decrease the likelihood of rehospitalization.
The Post Hospital Meal Benefit program is available in all markets, and it ensures that all patients receive a healthy meal upon discharge from the hospital. The program is an essential component of a patient's recovery because proper nutrition is critical to their overall well-being.
According to research, when patients are malnourished, their recovery time is longer, and their risk of complications is higher. Thus, the Post Hospital Meal Benefit program is designed to provide patients with the necessary nutrients to speed up their recovery.
The Post Hospital Meal Benefit program has several benefits. First, it provides patients with the necessary nutrients to heal and recover. Second, it helps to reduce the risk of rehospitalization, which is a significant concern for both patients and healthcare providers. Finally, it ensures that patients are receiving the best possible care by addressing their nutritional needs.
The goal of designing the Post Hospital Meal Benefit program is to ensure that patients receive proper nutrition post-discharge to speed up their recovery and reduce the risk of rehospitalization. This program is available in all our markets, and it is a crucial component of a patient's overall recovery. Proper nutrition is critical to a patient's well-being, and the Post Hospital Meal Benefit program helps to ensure that patients receive the necessary nutrients to heal and recover.
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Living Hope Pharmaceutical Company Ghana Limited is a family owner-managed company located in Tema, in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. This pharmaceutical manufacturing company has developed a new type of diabetic medication that works to restore the pancreas in diabetic patients. The financing of the development stages of this medication has come from the company’s own resources. Market research has indicated the possibility of a large volume of demand. To meet this anticipated demand, a significant amount of additional capital will be needed for finance production.
At a family meeting to deliberate on the funding sources, there was a sharp disagreement among family members. As a member of the family, you have been tasked to brief the family on the usage of internal financing sources.
Briefly, advise Living Hope Pharmaceutical Company Ghana Limited on the following:
i) What factors should Living Hope Pharmaceutical Company Ghana Limited consider in deciding on the use of either equity finance or debt finance? 10 marks
ii) Outline and discuss the merits and demerits of any four (4) internal sources of finance you will recommend for Living Hope Pharmaceutical Company Ghana Limited to consider. 20 marks
i) Factors to consider in deciding on the use of either equity finance or debt finance:
Financial Risk: Evaluate the company's current financial position and ability to take on additional debt. If the company has a strong balance sheet and sufficient cash flow to cover interest payments, debt finance may be a viable option. However, if the company is already highly leveraged or has limited cash flow, equity finance might be more suitable to avoid excessive financial risk.Ownership and Control: Consider the impact on ownership and control of the company. Equity finance involves issuing shares and diluting ownership, potentially bringing in new shareholders with decision-making rights. Debt finance allows the company to maintain ownership control, as lenders do not have voting rights.Cost of Capital: Assess the cost of equity and cost of debt. Equity finance requires sharing profits with shareholders through dividends, while debt finance involves paying interest. Compare the cost of each option and evaluate their impact on the company's profitability.Flexibility: Examine the desired level of flexibility in financial management. Equity finance offers greater flexibility as dividend payments can be adjusted based on the company's financial performance. Debt finance involves fixed interest payments that need to be met regardless of profitability.Market Conditions: Consider prevailing market conditions, such as interest rates and investor sentiment. If interest rates are low and investor demand for equity is high, it may be more favorable to opt for equity finance. Conversely, if interest rates are favorable, debt finance might be more cost-effective.ii) Merits and Demerits of Internal Sources of Finance:
a) Retained Earnings:
Merits: Retained earnings are funds generated from the company's operations and do not involve additional borrowing or dilution of ownership. They provide a stable and reliable source of financing, allowing the company to fund expansion or investment without incurring interest costs or equity dilution.Demerits: The availability of retained earnings depends on the profitability of the company. If profits are low or reinvested for other purposes, the amount of retained earnings available for financing may be limited.b) Sale of Assets:
Merits: Selling assets can provide an immediate inflow of cash, enabling the company to finance production or expansion. It allows the company to monetize underutilized or non-core assets.Demerits: Selling assets may lead to a loss of future income or operational capabilities. It requires careful evaluation of the impact on the company's long-term strategy and potential disruption to its operations.c) Depreciation Funds:
Merits: Setting aside depreciation funds involves allocating a portion of revenue for future capital expenditures. It helps in managing the replacement or upgrade of assets and reduces the reliance on external financing.Demerits: Depreciation funds may not be sufficient to cover large-scale capital requirements. The timing of depreciation and the need for capital expenditure may not always align, requiring additional sources of finance.d) Leasing:
Merits: Leasing allows the company to acquire assets without the need for upfront cash outflows. It provides flexibility and preserves liquidity by spreading payments over time.Demerits: Leasing involves ongoing rental or lease payments, which can be costly over the long term. It may result in higher total costs compared to purchasing assets outright.Note: The marks indicated are for guidance and may vary depending on the specific requirements and expectations of your assignment or examination.
About PaymentPayment is the voluntary surrender of money or an equivalent or something of value by one party to another in exchange for goods or services provided by them or to fulfill a legal obligation.
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Patel reminded coworkers that regardless of the number of consumers living in the target area, they should focus on where people live specifically within the target area. What aspect of the population is Patel concerned with?
Multiple Choice
a) population density
b) population shift
c) population propensity
d) population distribution
The answer to this question is the option (a) population density.What is population density?Population density refers to the number of individuals or individuals per unit area or volume in a particular place.
This is important because it allows us to compare different locations' data. In other words, population density enables us to determine the intensity of land use, the level of urbanization, and the economic vitality of the area in question.
Explanation:In the given question, Patel reminded his coworkers that regardless of the number of consumers living in the target area, they should focus on where people live specifically within the target area. This means that he is trying to focus on the population density of the area where people live rather than the number of people living in that area.
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