The evidence to guide nursing practice has changed greatly during the 20th century. Select one area where evidence in nursing care changed during the 20th century and tell us about it. Please use any of these references :
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses & AACN Certification Corporation. (2003). Safeguarding the patient and the profession: The value of critical care nurse certification. American Journal of Critical Care, 12, 154—164.
American Nurses Credentialing Center. (2017). History of the Magnet program. http://www.nursecredentialing.org/magnet/programoverview/historyofthemagnetprogram
Boltz, M., Capezuit, E., Wagner, L., Rosenberg, M.-C., & Secic, M. (2013). Patient safety in medical-surgical units: Can nurse certification make a difference? MEDSURG Nursing, 22(1), 26—37.
Donohue, M. P. (1996). Nursing: The finest art (2nd ed.). Mosby.
Helmstadter, C. (2007). Florence Nightingale's opposition to state registration of nurses. Nursing History Review, 15, 155—166.
Hine, D. C. (1989). Black women in white: Racial conflict and cooperation in the nursing profession, 1890—1950. Indiana University Press.
Judd, D., & Sitzman, K. (2014). A history of American nursing: Trends and eras (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett.
Kalisch, P. A., & Kalisch, B. J. (1995). The advance of American nursing (3rd ed.). J. B. Lippincott.
Keeling, A. W. (2007). Blurring the boundaries between medicine and nursing: Coronary care nursing, circa the 1960s. In P. D'Antonio, E. D. Baer, S. D. Rinker, & J. E. Lynaugh. (Eds.). Nurses' work: Issues across time and place (pp. 257—281). Springer.
Krapohl, G., Manojlovich, M., Redman, R., & Zhang, L. (2010). Nursing specialty certification and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes in the intensive care unit. American Journal of Critical Care, 19(6), 490—498.
Mahaffey, E. H. (2002). The relevance of associate-degree nursing education: Past, present, future. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 7(2).

Answers

Answer 1

One area where evidence in nursing care changed significantly during the 20th century is the use of nurse specialty certification. In the past, nursing certification was not widely recognized or valued, and many nurses did not pursue certification.

However, over the course of the 20th century, there was a growing recognition of the importance of specialized knowledge and skills in nursing, and the value of certification in demonstrating that knowledge and skill. One factor that contributed to the increased recognition of nurse specialty certification was the development of nursing specialties, such as critical care nursing and oncology nursing, in the latter part of the century.

These specialties required nurses to have advanced knowledge and skills beyond those required for basic nursing practice, and certification in these areas became a way to demonstrate that expertise. Another factor was the growing emphasis on evidence-based practice in nursing, which required nurses to have the latest knowledge and skills in order to provide high-quality care. Certification in a nursing specialty was one way to ensure that nurses had the knowledge and skills necessary to provide evidence-based care.

Finally, the development of magnet hospitals in the 1990s also contributed to the increased recognition of nurse specialty certification. Magnet hospitals are hospitals that have been recognized by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) as providing high-quality nursing care and supporting professional development. To be designated as a magnet hospital, a hospital must have a high percentage of nurses with specialty certification. This recognition of the value of certification in nursing specialties helped to increase the recognition of certification as a valuable credential for nurses.

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Related Questions

Scenario Suppose Ms. Jones reports a pain rating greater than 4. For this pain rating, the prescriber's order allows oxycodone, 5 mg, 1 tab, by mouth, every 4 hrs. Assume that on her second day of hospitalization, Ms. Jones only reports a pain rating greater than 4 two times. Question How many mg of oxycodone will she have ingested?

Answers

So, Ms. Jones will have ingested a total of 2 mg of oxycodone on her second day of hospitalization.  

To determine how many milligrams (mg) of oxycodone Ms. Jones will have ingested, we need to know the total amount of oxycodone prescribed and the frequency of dosing. To answer this question, we need to know the total amount of oxycodone that was prescribed, which is 1 tab of oxycodone 5 mg by mouth every 4 hrs. We also need to know the frequency with which Ms. Jones took the drug, which is that she only experienced pain ratings greater than 4 twice on her second day of hospitalization.

Assuming that Ms. Jones was prescribed a total of 1 tab of oxycodone 5 mg by mouth every 4 hrs, and that she only experienced pain ratings greater than 4 twice on her second day of hospitalization, we can calculate the total amount of oxycodone she will have ingested as follows:

1 tab x 1 mg/tab x 2 times = 2 mg

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in 95% of cases of down's syndrome, there Is one extra chromosome (number 21) in every cell.this aneuploid condition is most likely the resultof

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The aneuploid condition associated with Down syndrome, characterized by an extra chromosome 21 in every cell, is most likely the result of Non-disjunction during meiosis.

Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is typically caused by non-disjunction during meiosis. Non-disjunction refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during the formation of egg or sperm cells. In the case of Down syndrome, there is an error during the separation of chromosome 21, resulting in an extra copy of this chromosome in one of the gametes (either the egg or the sperm).

When fertilization occurs with a gamete containing an extra chromosome 21, the resulting zygote will have three copies of chromosome 21, leading to Down syndrome in the developing individual. This non-disjunction event typically occurs randomly and is more common with advanced maternal age, although it can occur in individuals of any age.

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Complete question is:

in 95% of cases of down's syndrome, there Is one extra chromosome (number 21) in every cell. this aneuploid condition is most likely the result of ____________.

true/false. using evidence-based practice, what screening would you need to make to ensure these patients are getting adequate care and health promotion.

Answers

True. Screening for patient care and health promotion requires a comprehensive assessment of individual needs, risk factors, and evidence-based guidelines to ensure adequate care and promote well-being.

To ensure patients receive adequate care and health promotion, several screenings are necessary based on evidence-based practice. Firstly, a thorough health assessment should be conducted to identify individual needs and potential risk factors. This includes evaluating medical history, current symptoms, and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and tobacco or alcohol use. Additionally, screenings for common health conditions, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood glucose, and cancer screenings (e.g., mammograms, Pap smears, colonoscopies), should be performed according to evidence-based guidelines.

Moreover, mental health screenings should be implemented to identify and address psychological well-being. Assessments like the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression or the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire can aid in detecting mental health concerns.

Furthermore, age-specific screenings, such as developmental assessments for children or osteoporosis screenings for postmenopausal women, must be conducted to ensure appropriate care.

In addition to screenings, health promotion efforts should be evidence-based. This involves educating patients about healthy lifestyle choices, such as nutrition, physical activity, and stress management. Additionally, preventive interventions like vaccinations and counseling on tobacco cessation or safe sexual practices contribute to health promotion. Regular follow-up visits, monitoring of progress, and adjustment of care plans based on evidence-based guidelines complete the process, ensuring patients receive adequate care and support for their well-being.

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A nurse is providing preoperative teaching by demonstrating diaphragmatic breathing to a client who is scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the demonstration?

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The nurse should include the following actions in the demonstration of diaphragmatic breathing to a client who is scheduled for surgery in the morning: Deep breathing: The nurse should instruct the client to breathe deeply, using the diaphragm to expand the chest and lungs.

Abdominal movement: The nurse should instruct the client to feel the movement of their abdomen as they breathe deeply. This movement indicates that the diaphragm is expanding and contracting.

Slow and steady pace: The nurse should instruct the client to breathe slowly and steadily, using a count of four inhalations and four exhalations.

Relaxation: The nurse should instruct the client to relax their shoulders, neck, and jaw, and to release any tension in their body.

Diaphragmatic breathing is a technique that can help reduce anxiety and stress, improve lung function, and promote relaxation. It is especially helpful for clients who are undergoing surgery, as it can help them feel more calm and centered before the procedure. The nurse should also encourage the client to continue practicing diaphragmatic breathing throughout the day to maintain these benefits.  

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majorities tend to rely on __________, whereas minorities tend to rely on __________.

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Majorities tend to rely on  normative social influence; whereas minorities tend to rely on informational social influence.

The correct answer is b) normative social influence; informational social influence.

Normative social influence refers to the tendency to conform to social norms in order to be accepted and avoid social rejection or disapproval. It is often observed among majority groups who conform to maintain social harmony and adhere to established norms.

On the other hand, informational social influence refers to the tendency to rely on others' opinions or information when uncertain or in ambiguous situations. It is often observed among minority groups who may rely on the knowledge or expertise of others to navigate unfamiliar or uncertain circumstances.

Therefore, majority groups are more likely to rely on normative social influence, while minority groups are more likely to rely on informational social influence.

The correct question is:

Majorities tend to rely on ____, whereas minorities tend to rely on ____:

a) informational social influence; normative social influence

b) normative social influence; informational social influence

c) normative social influence; idiosyncrasy credits

d) informational social influence; conversion

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carefully examine the dental formula of this specimen. how would you classify this specimen? anthro group of answer choices ape non primate old world monkey new world monkey

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Based on the dental formula of this specimen, it is not possible to accurately classify it as an ape, non-primate, old world monkey, or new world monkey.

The dental formula is a set of four numbers that indicate the number of teeth in each of the following groups: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. To classify a primate based on its dental formula, it is necessary to compare it to the dental formula of other primate species and look for similarities and differences.

Additionally, other physical characteristics, such as the shape of the face and skull, the presence of a tail, and the overall body form, must also be considered. The specific characteristics of this specimen, accurately classify it as a primate. It is important to remember that the dental formula is just one aspect of primate classification and that other factors must also be considered.  

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Select the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients.
A. Drug adverse effects B. Variability of family therapy C. Patient resistance D. Noncompliance with therapy

Answers

Patient resistance is considered the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients.

Among the options listed, patient resistance stands out as the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients. Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and self-imposed restriction of food intake leading to severe weight loss. Treatment for anorexia nervosa typically involves a multidimensional approach that includes medical management, nutritional rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and family therapy. While drug adverse effects and the variability of family therapy can present challenges, patient resistance often poses the most significant barrier to effective treatment.

Patients with anorexia nervosa often exhibit strong resistance to treatment interventions due to the nature of the illness. The fear of gaining weight and losing control over their bodies can create immense anxiety and resistance towards any attempts to restore a healthier weight and eating patterns. They may deny the severity of their condition, downplay the physical consequences, or actively sabotage treatment efforts. This resistance can manifest in various ways, such as noncompliance with therapy, refusal to follow meal plans, or engaging in behaviors to maintain or continue weight loss.

Addressing patient resistance requires a collaborative and empathetic therapeutic approach. Treatment providers must establish trust and rapport with the patient, providing a safe and supportive environment to explore the underlying psychological factors contributing to the resistance. Motivational interviewing techniques and cognitive-behavioral strategies can be employed to help patients recognize the need for treatment and develop healthier coping mechanisms. Additionally, involving family members or a support system can help in addressing resistance and enhancing treatment outcomes. Overall, patient resistance poses a significant challenge in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, requiring tailored strategies to overcome this obstacle and promote recovery.

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A patient with diabetes has a new prescription for the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. She questions this order because her physician has never told her that she has hypertension. What is the best explanation for this order?

a. The doctor knows best.
b. The patient is confused.
c. This medication has cardioprotective properties.
d. This medication has a protective effect on the kidneys for patients with diabetes.

Answers

For patients with diabetes is that (C)  "This medication has cardioprotective properties."Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medication that works by relaxing blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure and make it easier for the heart to pump blood.

For patients with diabetes, lisinopril is frequently prescribed even if they do not have hypertension because it has been demonstrated to have cardioprotective properties.Lisinopril has been shown in clinical studies to have cardiovascular benefits in individuals with diabetes, including a lower risk of heart failure and stroke. It is frequently prescribed to diabetic patients as part of their long-term diabetes management strategy because it is effective and has a low risk of side effects. Therefore, the best explanation for the order is that "This medication has cardioprotective properties."Option C, "This medication has cardioprotective properties," is the correct response.

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Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk for which of the following? Select all that apply.
gestational diabetes
cesarean delivery
complications during delivery

Answers

Being overweight during pregnancy raises the risk of Gestational diabetes.

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk. Gestational diabetes can cause difficulties for both mother and child. Caesarean delivery: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy may lead to a C-section. Weight gain can cause labour and delivery issues such as shoulder dystocia, foetal discomfort, and extended labour. Pregnancy weight increase might cause delivery problems. These complications may include labour progression issues, postpartum haemorrhage, forceps or vacuum extraction, or birth canal injuries. Healthcare providers urge healthy weight gain throughout pregnancy. Gaining weight based on pre-pregnancy BMI and health variables as usual. Thus, excessive weight gain can be minimised, supporting a healthier pregnancy and decreasing delivery problems.

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T/F. caring for a bariatric patient is more time-consuming than caring for most other medical or surgical patients.

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True, caring for a bariatric patient is generally more time-consuming than caring for most other medical or surgical patients.

Caring for a bariatric patient typically requires additional time and resources due to the unique challenges and considerations involved. Bariatric patients are individuals who are severely overweight or obese, and they often have multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or respiratory conditions.

These patients may require specialized equipment, such as larger beds, wheelchairs, or lifting devices, to ensure their safety and comfort. Moreover, their mobility may be limited, requiring assistance with basic activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and toileting.

In addition to physical support, bariatric patients often need ongoing monitoring and management of their complex medical conditions. Medication administration, wound care, and addressing potential complications, such as deep vein thrombosis or surgical site infections, are crucial aspects of their care. These patients may also require modified dietary plans and close supervision to ensure proper nutrition and weight management.

Furthermore, the emotional and psychological aspects of caring for bariatric patients should not be overlooked. Many individuals with obesity face societal stigma and may experience feelings of shame, low self-esteem, or depression. Healthcare providers need to offer a supportive and non-judgmental environment, which requires additional time and empathy during patient interactions.

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true or false ___sticking sensation in chest joint pain crackles lack of peristaltic waves world

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The given statement "A Sticking sensation in chest joint pain crackles lack of peristaltic waves world" is false because it does not accurately describe any specific medical condition or symptom.

The statement appears to be a collection of unrelated symptoms and does not form a coherent sentence or medical condition.

A "sticking sensation in the chest" is a vague description that could potentially be associated with various conditions, such as musculoskeletal issues or anxiety.

"Joint pain" refers to discomfort in the joints, which can occur due to arthritis, injury, or other medical conditions.

"Crackles" typically refer to abnormal lung sounds heard during auscultation, which can indicate conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is unclear how crackles would relate to the other symptoms mentioned.

"Lack of peristaltic waves" refers to the absence or abnormal movement of the muscles in the digestive tract responsible for pushing food through the system.

It can be associated with conditions like intestinal obstruction or gastrointestinal motility disorders.

Overall, the statement does not provide enough context or coherence to be accurately assessed as true or false. It is essential to consult with a medical professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis of any specific symptoms or concerns.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the nurse to include?
A.assist the client with bowel cleansing
B. Ensure the client is free of metal objects
C. Monitor the clients for pain in the suprapubic region
D. Administer 240 ml (8oz) of oral contrast before the procedure

Answers

The appropriate action for the nurse to include when planning care for a client scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram is ensure the client is free of metal objects.

Option (B) is correct.

Assist the client with bowel cleansing (option A) is not necessary for an intravenous pyelogram. Bowel cleansing is typically performed for procedures involving the gastrointestinal system, such as colonoscopy or bowel surgery.

Monitor the client for pain in the suprapubic region (option C) is not specific to an intravenous pyelogram. While the client may experience some discomfort during the procedure, monitoring for pain should be part of routine nursing care regardless of the specific procedure being performed.

Administering 240 ml (8 oz) of oral contrast before the procedure (option D) is not appropriate for an intravenous pyelogram. An intravenous pyelogram involves the injection of contrast dye into a vein, and oral contrast is not typically used for this procedure.

Therefore, the correct option is (B).

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A nurse is orienting a newly licensed nurse on the purpose of administering vecuronium to a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding of the teaching?
a. "This medication is given to treat infection."
b. "This medication is given to facilitate ventilation."
c. "This medication is given to decrease inflammation."
d. "This medication is given to reduce anxiety."

Answers

The correct option is B. "This medication is given to facilitate ventilation." The statement implies that the nurse has a good understanding of the purpose of the medication. The other options are incorrect as they do not describe the purpose of vecuronium accurately.

The nurse is orienting a newly licensed nurse about the purpose of administering vecuronium to a client who has ARDS. The medication vecuronium is a neuromuscular blocking agent used during general anesthesia. It is also used in critical care settings to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

The following statement by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding of the teaching: "This medication is given to facilitate ventilation.Vecuronium is a medication that is used to induce relaxation of skeletal muscles during an operation. Vecuronium is used as part of general anesthesia to provide relaxation of the muscles that will aid in breathing during surgery.

Vecuronium is also used in critical care settings to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Patients who have ARDS can develop respiratory muscle fatigue, leading to the need for mechanical ventilation. Vecuronium can be used to facilitate this process. It is a neuromuscular blocking agent that helps reduce the patient's respiratory rate and improve oxygenation by improving ventilation.

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You were told to set up a "structured walkthrough" of a disaster recovery plan, but that terminology isn't in the procedures manual. What other term should you look for?

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If you were told to set up a "structured walkthrough" of a disaster recovery plan, but that terminology isn't in the procedures manual, you should look for other terms that may be used to describe the same process, such as given below.

"Disaster recovery drill": This term refers to a simulated disaster recovery scenario that is used to test the effectiveness of an organization's disaster recovery plan.

"Disaster recovery simulation": This term refers to a test of an organization's disaster recovery plan that uses realistic scenarios and simulated responses to evaluate the plan's effectiveness.

"Disaster recovery exercise": This term refers to a planned activity that is designed to test an organization's disaster recovery plan and evaluate its effectiveness.

"Disaster recovery walkthrough": This term refers to a guided tour of an organization's disaster recovery plan, during which the plan's components and procedures are reviewed and discussed.

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which part of the ecg’s ""p-qrs-t"" graph represents the sa node triggering the atrial contraction?

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The P wave on an ECG represents the SA node triggering the atrial contraction. The ECG is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, and the P wave represents atrial depolarization or atrial contraction.

A P wave is the first wave observed on an ECG. It is a small, usually rounded wave that appears before the QRS complex on an ECG. The P wave is generated when the sinoatrial node (SA node) sends out an electrical signal that travels through the atria, causing them to contract. The QRS complex is generated by the electrical activity of the ventricles. The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.

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Which of the following is not consistent with literature related to racial trauma and stress? A. Stress that results from danger related to real or perceived experiences of racial discrimination has been identified as a precipitant of PTSD symptoms., B. Those who experience PTSD symptoms because of racial trauma in absence of an identifiable Criterion A event do not qualify for a DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis., C. Higher PTSD prevalence and severity among African American and Latinx adults has been linked to greater frequency of perceived experiences of racism and discrimination., D. Self-reported experiences of racism have no correlation with negative mental health outcomes.

Answers

The statement is not consistent is D. Self-reported experiences of racism have no correlation with negative mental health outcomes.

Numerous research have demonstrated a significant link among self-reported racist encounters and poor mental health outcomes. These often include a higher chance of experiencing psychological discomfort, as well as issues of post-traumatic stress disorder, despair, and even anxiety. The initiation and escalation of PTSD symptoms have been linked to stress brought on by real or imagined incidences of racial discrimination, according to several studies.

Recognizing and resolving differences in mental health across racial and ethnic minority communities requires taking into account an impact of racial trauma on mental health. Studies show a correlation between greater reported rates of racism and discrimination among individuals and higher rates and more severe PTSD symptoms.

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speeding is against the law. the driver of that speeding fire truck deserves a ticket.

Answers

Speeding is a serious offense that could endanger people's lives. It is against the law to speed on any road, and it is important that everyone obeys the speed limit. In the case of a speeding fire truck, the driver may have been trying to reach an emergency as quickly as possible.

However, that does not excuse them from breaking the law. If a police officer witnessed the speeding fire truck, they may issue a ticket to the driver. However, there may be exceptions to the law regarding emergency vehicles with flashing lights and sirens as they are often exempted from the speed limit.

These exemptions are intended to allow emergency vehicles to respond to emergency situations as quickly as possible. However, this does not mean that they can disregard other road safety laws, such as stopping at red lights. In conclusion, speeding is against the law, but there may be exceptions for emergency vehicles with flashing lights and sirens. Regardless, it is important that all drivers respect the speed limit and drive safely at all times.

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The nurse manager tells a newly hired nurse that the unit practices functional nursing. What should the new nurse expect?
1. One nurse has responsibility for all the medications on the unit.
2. One nurse has responsibility for all the needs of three clients.
3. One charge nurse and one respiratory therapist have responsibility for all clients.
4. One nurse and one nursing assistant have responsibility for ten clients.

Answers

The new nurse must expect that 2. One nurse has responsibility for all the needs of three clients.

According to the nursing staff members' individual talents and areas of competence, duties and responsibilities are distributed according to the functional nursing care delivery model. Each nurse is given a certain assignment or collection of duties to complete for a variety of customers. In functional nursing, a single nurse generally handles all of the needs of a certain number of clients.

This might involve activities including completing evaluations, dispensing drugs, giving treatments, and recording care. While other team members, such nursing assistants or support personnel, may help with various parts of care, the nurse concentrates on accomplishing these allocated responsibilities quickly for the assigned customers.

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⦁ explain how the kidney increases blood pressure through aldosterone secretion. start with angiotensinogen and end with increased bp. a flow chart/diagram is recommended (3 points).

Answers

The kidney plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure through the production and secretion of hormones, including aldosterone.

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland that promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney, which increases the amount of fluid in the body and raises blood pressure. Here is a flow chart/diagram that illustrates the process:

Angiotensinogen is produced by the liver in response to low blood pressure.

Angiotensinogen is cleaved by an enzyme to form angiotensin I.

Angiotensin I is converted by another enzyme to angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict, which increases blood pressure.

The kidney responds to the increased blood pressure by producing renin, an enzyme that regulates blood pressure.

Renin causes the production of angiotensinogen.

The cycle continues, with angiotensin II causing a feedback loop that increases blood pressure further.

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With food in the duodenum, levels of the hormone GIP rise. Which hormone does GIP cause to be released in anticipation of the absorption of the meal?
O Motilin
O Gastrin
O Secretin
O Insulin
O CCK

Answers

The hormone GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) causes the release of insulin in anticipation of the absorption of a meal.

Option (d) is correct

GIP, also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide or gastric inhibitory polypeptide, is released by specialized cells in the duodenum in response to the presence of food, particularly glucose and fatty acids. GIP plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism and stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.

When GIP levels rise in the presence of food in the duodenum, it signals the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells, promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and inhibits the release of glucose from these stores.

Therefore, the correct option is (d).

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Complete question is:

With food in the duodenum, levels of the hormone GIP rise. Which hormone does GIP cause to be released in anticipation of the absorption of the meal?

a) Motilin

b) Gastrin

c) Secretin

d) Insulin

e) CCK

A person who eats a granola bar from a vending machine is most likely making a food choice based on: ____.
a) Habit
b) Cultural Values
c) Availability
d) Environmental concerns
e) Body image

Answers

A person who eats a granola bar from a vending machine is most likely making a food choice based on Availability.

Option (c) is correct.

When a person chooses to eat a granola bar from a vending machine, their food choice is most likely based on the availability of the product. Vending machines are commonly found in various settings, providing quick and convenient access to snacks. In this scenario, the person may have limited options and chooses the granola bar because it is readily available in the vending machine.

While other factors such as habit, cultural values, environmental concerns, and body image can influence food choices, in this specific case, the primary factor is the immediate availability of the granola bar from the vending machine.

Therefore, the correct option is (c).

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Which of the following best describes a process involved in the nervous system receiving internal signals?
a. Electrical signals are passed from dendrites to axons in sensory neurons through the peripheral nervous system.
b. Motor neurons carry information from muscle cells to the central nervous system for processing.
c. Neurotransmitters pass information across synapses between sensory neurons on the way to the central nervous system.
d. Sensory neurons transmit information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system.

Answers

The correct answer is -  Neurotransmitters pass information across synapses between sensory neurons on the way to the central nervous system. (Option c)

When the nervous system receives internal signals, sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. These sensory neurons detect internal signals, such as pain, temperature changes, or organ function, and convert them into electrical signals called action potentials.

Once the action potentials reach the end of the sensory neuron, they trigger the release of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry the information across the synapses, which are the tiny gaps between neurons. The released neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the electrical signal to be passed from one neuron to another.

In this process, the neurotransmitters are passing information across synapses between sensory neurons on the way to the central nervous system. This allows the internal signals to be transmitted and processed in the central nervous system, leading to appropriate responses and actions.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving pain medication through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? d Instruct the family to refrain from pushing the button for the client while she is asleep. tr с Inform the client that because she is on PCA, vital signs will be taken every 8 hr. S Teach the client to avoid pushing the button until pain is above a 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. atr pa Increase the basal rate and shorten the lock-out interval time if the client's pain level is too high spa ora

Answers

The correct answer is d. Increase the basal rate and shorten the lock-out interval time if the client's pain level is too high.

When caring for a client who is receiving pain medication through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump, the nurse should closely monitor the client's pain level and adjust the settings of the PCA pump as needed. The basal rate refers to a continuous infusion of the medication, and the lock-out interval is the time period during which the client cannot administer additional doses of medication after pressing the button. If the client's pain level is not adequately controlled, the nurse may need to increase the basal rate and shorten the lock-out interval time to provide more frequent doses of pain medication.

The other options are incorrect:

a. Instructing the family to refrain from pushing the button for the client while she is asleep is not necessary as long as the client is capable of self-administering the medication through the PCA pump.

b. Vital signs should be taken more frequently than every 8 hours for a client on PCA, as frequent monitoring is important to assess the client's response to the medication.

c. The client should be encouraged to use the PCA pump whenever they are experiencing pain, rather than waiting for the pain to reach a specific level. The goal is to provide timely and effective pain relief.

Therefore, the most appropriate action for the nurse to take is to adjust the settings of the PCA pump if the client's pain level is not adequately controlled.

The correct question is:

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving pain medication through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

a. Instruct the family to refrain from pushing the button for the client while she is asleep.

b. Inform the client that because she is on PCA, vital signs will be taken every 8 hr.

c. Teach the client to avoid pushing the button until pain is above a 7 on a scale of 0 to 10.

d. Increase the basal rate and shorten the lock-out interval time if the client's pain level is too

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In 2014, Heidi Ganahl sold Camp Bow Wow to VCA Animal Hospitals, a leading animal healthcare provider. VCA Animal Hospitals was, in turn, purchased by Mars, Inc. The candy maker has a large pet-care business, which is why it was interested in acquiring VCA Animal Hospitals. Now Heidi, who stayed on as CEO of Camp Bow Wow, needs to make sure her franchise owners successfully change their organizations to match the culture of Mars, Inc. Which of the following actions should Heidi take in order to make this change occur? Check all that apply.

She should involve top-level Mars managers in helping her to announce the change.

She should reward those franchise owners that contribute to making the change.

She should start small, and work out the benefits of the change, so she can show them to people who might resist the change.

She should look at her organization as a whole – how will the change affect the existing culture of the organization?

Answers

The actions should Heidi take in order to make sure her franchise owners successfully change their organizations to match the culture of Mars, Inc is

A. She should involve top-level Mars managers in helping her to announce the change.

B. She should reward those franchise owners that contribute to making the change.

C. She should start small, and work out the benefits of the change, so she can show them to people who might resist the change.

D. She should look at her organization as a whole – how will the change affect the existing culture of the organization?

Thus, the correct answer is All options are correct.

Before implementing any significant change, it is essential to analyze the organization's existing culture to understand how the change would affect it. Therefore, Heidi should look at her organization as a whole and analyze how the change would affect it. This would help her in developing strategies that would help in successfully making the change.

Another step Heidi should take is to start small and work out the benefits of the change. She can then show these benefits to people who might resist the change. This would help in convincing them that the change is necessary and that it would be beneficial for them.

Heidi should involve top-level Mars managers in helping her to announce the change. This would help in creating a sense of importance and urgency among the franchise owners. They would understand that the change is significant and that the company's top management is involved in it. Finally, Heidi should reward those franchise owners that contribute to making the change. This would help in motivating them to participate in the change and work towards it.

Thus, the correct options are A, B, C, and D.

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In relational psychodynamic psychotherapy the therapist helps the...
In relational psychodynamic psychotherapy the therapist helps the patient with which of the following?
A.
To understand the patient's impact on others.
B.
To deepen the patient's understanding of others.
C.
Both A and B
D.
Neither A nor B is consistent with the focus of relational psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Answers

In relational psychodynamic psychotherapy, the therapist helps the patient understand their own impact on others. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A. "To understand the patient's impact on others."  

Relational psychodynamic psychotherapy is a type of therapy that focuses on the patient's relationships with others and how those relationships shape their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The therapist helps the patient identify patterns of behavior and relationships that may be causing problems in their life and works with them to develop new ways of relating to others.

The therapist does not focus on helping the patient deepen their understanding of others, nor on helping the patient understand the impact of others on them. These are not consistent with the focus of relational psychodynamic psychotherapy, which is on the patient's own relationships and dynamics within those relationships.

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A patient is brought to the emergency department of a rural hospital following a high speed motor vehicle collision. When significant abdominal and pelvic injuries are noted in the primary survey, which of the following is the priority intervention?

Answers

The priority intervention in this scenario would be to stabilize the patient's condition and ensure their ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) are maintained.

In the scenario described, when significant abdominal and pelvic injuries are noted in the primary survey of a patient brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle collision, the priority intervention would be to initiate immediate resuscitation and stabilize the patient's condition.

The first and foremost priority is to ensure the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) are maintained. The medical team should assess and secure the patient's airway, provide oxygen if necessary, and ensure adequate ventilation.

Breathing should be assessed, and if needed, interventions like chest tube placement or needle decompression may be performed. Circulation should be addressed by starting intravenous access and administering fluids or blood products as indicated.

Following the ABC assessment and stabilization, the medical team should perform a secondary survey to further evaluate the specific injuries. In the case of significant abdominal and pelvic injuries, additional interventions may be required, such as pelvic stabilization, controlling external bleeding, or arranging for surgical consultation if there is evidence of internal bleeding or organ damage.

However, the initial priority in this scenario is to stabilize the patient's overall condition and address life-threatening injuries through proper resuscitation and management of the ABCs.

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The nurse is taking the blood pressure measurement of a client with Parkinson's disease. Which information in the clients admission assessments var to the nurse's plan for taking the blood pressure reading? (Select all that apply)
A. Frequent syncope.
B. Occasional nocturia
C. Fiat affect
D. Blurred vision
E. Frequent drooling

Answers

Answer: option A: Frequent syncope.

Frequent syncope, or fainting, is a significant concern when taking blood pressure readings in a client with Parkinson's disease. Fainting can occur due to orthostatic hypotension, a common symptom in Parkinson's disease where blood pressure drops significantly upon standing. It is crucial for the nurse to take precautions to ensure the client's safety during the blood pressure measurement. This may involve assisting the client in sitting or lying down to prevent falls or providing support and monitoring if the client is at risk of syncope.

While options D (blurred vision) and E (frequent drooling) can also impact the client's comfort and cooperation during the measurement, frequent syncope has more direct implications for the client's safety during the procedure.

Explanation:)

A nurse is focused on mitigation of disasters at the international level. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely complete?
A. Provide community educational programs and training on how to prepare for disasters.
B. Request donations be sent to the affected area.
C. Develop a notification procedure to be used by the international disaster relief office.
D. Recruit volunteers to be a part of the disaster team that will travel to the afflicted area.

Answers

The activity  the nurse would most likely complete is to develop a notification procedure to be used by the international disaster relief office.

Option (C) is correct.

When a nurse is focused on mitigation of disasters at the international level, their role would involve activities that contribute to the coordination and management of disaster relief efforts. Developing a notification procedure to be used by the international disaster relief office aligns with this role. This procedure would establish a system for effectively notifying and mobilizing resources, personnel, and support in response to disasters occurring in different parts of the world.

Providing community educational programs and training (Option A) is important for disaster preparedness, but it is more commonly associated with local or regional efforts. Requesting donations (Option B) and recruiting volunteers (Option D) are essential activities, but they are typically carried out by organizations and agencies involved in disaster response, rather than specifically by a nurse focused on international disaster mitigation.

Therefore, the correct option is (C).

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Which of the following terms refers to the use of splints and braces?
a. Prosthetic
b. Orthotics
c. Adaptive equipment
d. Rehabilitation

Answers

The term that refers to the use of splints and braces is: Orthotics. (Option b).

Orthotics is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the design, fabrication, and utilization of orthotic devices. These devices, such as splints and braces, are externally applied supports that are specifically designed to assist and improve the function of various parts of the body, particularly the limbs and spine.

Orthotic devices are often used to provide support, stability, and alignment to the body, helping to alleviate pain, correct deformities, improve mobility, and aid in rehabilitation. They can be custom-made to fit an individual's unique needs and are typically prescribed and fitted by healthcare professionals specializing in orthotics, such as orthotists or physical therapists.

The use of splints and braces falls under the domain of orthotics because these devices are designed to provide external support and help optimize the function of specific body parts. They can be made from various materials, such as metal, plastic, or fabric, and are tailored to address specific conditions or injuries.

In summary, orthotics is the field that encompasses the design, fabrication, and use of orthotic devices, including splints and braces, which are utilized to provide support, improve function, and aid in rehabilitation.

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if two groups of patients with fever are given either (a) a drug or (b) a placebo, and the temperatures of the patients are used as the measure of how well the drug did, then

Answers

This is an example of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). An RCT is a type of research study in which participants are randomly assigned to receive either the study drug or a placebo (an inactive substance that looks and tastes like the real drug but has no therapeutic effect).

The study is conducted to determine whether the drug is effective in treating the condition being studied and to compare its effectiveness to a placebo.

In this scenario, the two groups of patients with fever are randomly assigned to receive either the drug or a placebo. The temperatures of the patients are then used as the measure of how well the drug did. This allows researchers to compare the effectiveness of the drug to the effectiveness of a placebo, and to determine whether the drug is safe and effective for treating fever.

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