The purpose of the discussions is to bring real life examples to the classroom and show you the relevance of the class.

Find the latest annual report (known as 10K) of Walmart. You can find it on company's web site or

Ask 1: Review the financial statements and read the footnotes and disclosures. Comment on financial health and future of the company.

Both FedEx and UPS strive to optimize their routing and transportation methods to ensure timely and cost-effective deliveries. They consider factors such as distance, traffic, logistics, and customer requirements when determining the most efficient routes for their shipments

FedEx Example:

Distances and Time: Without specific locations mentioned, it is not possible to calculate distances or times accurately.

Role of Each Leg: Based on the provided information, we can assume the following roles:

Pick-up: ROGERS, MN

Line Haul: ROGERS, MN to HAGERSTOWN, MD

Line Haul: HAGERSTOWN, MD to NORTH WALES, PA

Delivery: NORTH WALES, PA to VALLEY FORGE, PA

Mode of Transportation: FedEx typically utilizes various modes of transportation, including trucks, airplanes, and local delivery vehicles. Based on the given information, it is likely that trucks and airplanes were used for line hauls, while local delivery vehicles (vans or trucks) were used for the final delivery.

Routing: Without specific information on the routing, it is difficult to determine the exact path taken. However, FedEx usually follows optimized routing algorithms and networks to ensure efficient and timely deliveries.

UPS Example:

Distances and Time: Without specific locations mentioned, it is not possible to calculate distances or times accurately.

Role of Each Leg: Based on the provided information, we can assume the following roles:

Origin Scan: WINDSOR LOCKS, CT

Line Haul: WINDSOR LOCKS, CT to PARSIPPANY, NJ

Line Haul: PARSIPPANY, NJ to WEST CHESTER, PA

Out for Delivery: WEST CHESTER, PA to KING OF PRUSSIA, PA

Delivery: KING OF PRUSSIA, PA

Mode of Transportation: UPS utilizes a combination of trucks, airplanes, and local delivery vehicles. Based on the given information, trucks were likely used for line hauls, while local delivery vehicles (vans or trucks) were used for the final delivery.

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Option d is correct. kwan has a master’s degree in psychology, but he is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. kwan is currently experiencing underemployment.

Kwan's situation can be classified as underemployment. Underemployment refers to a situation where a person is working in a job that is below their skill level or educational qualifications. In this case, Kwan has a master's degree in psychology, which indicates that he has acquired advanced knowledge and skills in his field. However, he is currently working at a sunglasses cart in the mall, which is not a position that utilizes his educational background or expertise.

Underemployment often occurs when individuals are unable to find suitable employment opportunities that match their qualifications or when they are forced to take jobs with lower skill requirements due to a lack of available options. It can lead to feelings of frustration, dissatisfaction, and unfulfilled potential.

In Kwan's case, he may be facing challenges such as a competitive job market, limited job opportunities in his field, or other factors that have resulted in his current employment situation. It is important for Kwan to continue seeking career opportunities that align with his education and skills, such as applying for positions in psychology or related fields, networking, and exploring further education or training opportunities to enhance his prospects for meaningful employment.

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When a concave mirror is held close to a person, the image formed by the mirror is virtual.

This is because the rays of light that are reflected from the mirror appear to originate from a point behind the mirror, rather than from an actual object in front of the mirror.

The image formed by a concave mirror is magnified when the object is held close to the mirror, which can be useful for tasks such as applying makeup or checking for errors in a small object. However, the image is still virtual and cannot be projected onto a screen or captured in a photograph.

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Yes, assuming that both prices and wages are sticky the New Keynesian theory of business cycle is compatible with rational expectations.Rational Expectations (RE) hypothesis presumes that all agents in the economy (consumers, producers, etc.) use all available information optimally to forecast future developments. It is a methodical, economic theory which states that individuals make choices founded on a systematic review of all available data and that their choices can thus be entirely predictable.

The New Keynesian theory of the business cycle builds on the New Classical Theory of the business cycle. It posits that the economy experiences frequent shocks that cause changes in production and employment levels. However, some firms may be hesitant to change their prices and wages due to factors such as long-term contracts, social norms, and informational frictions. The economy may experience periods of recession if these factors keep prices and wages sticky. When prices and wages are sticky, even if the economy is in a recession, some firms will not adjust their prices and wages, which can exacerbate the downturn.

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The given statement states that Indigo Motors is a branch of Indigo Products Corporation, and it produces and distributes an electric switch that has many applications.

The division anticipates selling 20,000 electric switches throughout the year. Here, the potential cost driver for the Indigo Motors division's production process is the number of electric switches the company produces. The more the production, the more resources required to produce the switches. Cost drivers are elements that create or influence production costs by having a direct cause-and-effect connection with the resources used. They can be identified and tracked for the purpose of producing an accurate product or service price. Cost drivers may include anything from labor and production materials to the number of units produced.

Thus, the potential cost driver for the Indigo Motors division's production process is the number of electric switches the company produces.

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Indigo Motors, a division of Indigo Products Corporation, is into manufacturing and selling an electric switch used in a wide variety of applications. For the upcoming year, the firm expects to sell 20,000 switches. The cost of producing and selling each switch is $50.

The selling price of each switch is $75. The fixed costs of the division for the year are $400,000. The company’s tax rate is 40%. Based on this information, determine the expected operating profit of the division. Also, calculate the number of switches the company must sell to earn $400,000 in operating profit. Most businesses exist to make a profit, and that's the reason why Indigo Motors manufactures and sells electric switches.

If they produce and sell a large number of switches, they will make a higher profit margin. Here are the necessary calculations for determining the operating profit of the Indigo Motors Division;

Expected revenue from sales of switches = 20,000 × $75 = $1,500,000

Variable costs (production and selling cost) = 20,000 × $50 = $1,000,000

Total contribution margin = $1,500,000 – $1,000,000 = $500,000

Fixed costs = $400,000

Profit before taxes = $500,000 – $400,000 = $100,000

Taxes = 40% × $100,000 = $40,000

Opreating profit of Indigo Motors = $100,000 – $40,000 = $60,000.

To determine the number of switches that the company must sell to earn an operating profit of $400,000, we need to apply the following formula: Profit = revenue – variable costs – fixed costs$400,000

= $75x - $50x - $400,000$400,000 + $400,000

= $25x800,000

= $25xx

= 32,000 units.

Therefore, Indigo Motors must sell 32,000 switches to earn an operating profit of $400,000.

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a. The correcanswer is  True.
The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Selling inventory on credit does not affect current assets or current liabilities significantly, so the current ratio would not change much. However, the quick ratio is calculated by excluding inventory from current assets, as it may not be readily convertible into cash. Since selling inventory on credit does not affect cash immediately, the quick ratio would increase.

Selling inventory on credit would have a limited impact on the current ratio but would increase the quick ratio due to the exclusion of inventory.

b. The correct answer is  False.
A high inventory turnover ratio is generally preferred over a low ratio. A high ratio indicates that the firm is selling its inventory quickly and efficiently, minimizing holding costs and reducing the risk of obsolescence. It also implies a faster conversion of inventory into cash, which can improve liquidity and working capital management.

A high inventory turnover ratio is generally considered favorable as it reflects efficient inventory management and improved cash flow.

c. Thcorrect answer is  Disagree.
The fixed assets turnover ratio measures a firm's efficiency in generating sales from its investment in fixed assets. Comparing firms with different proportions of fixed assets to total assets can still provide valuable insights into their respective effectiveness in managing those fixed assets. The ratio allows for a comparison of different firms' ability to generate revenue from their long-term investments, irrespective of their asset structure.

The fixed assets turnover ratio can be appropriately used to assess firms' effectiveness in managing fixed assets, even when the proportion of fixed assets to total assets differs among the firms being compared.

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Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of this project. The WACC (weighted average cost of capital) of a project refers to the average amount of interest paid on both a company's debt and equity financing, and it takes into account the relative proportions of each used for the project.

a) Draw the timeline and set out the cash inflow, cash outflow, and net cash flow for each year. Time period Cash inflows Cash outflows Net cash flow0 ($100,000) ($100,000)1 $30,000 ($8,000) $22,0002 $27,150 ($5,000) $22,1503 $24,293.25 ($5,000) $19,293.254 $21,428.59 ($15,000) $6,428.59

b) Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of this project. The WACC (weighted average cost of capital) of a project refers to the average amount of interest paid on both a company's debt and equity financing, and it takes into account the relative proportions of each used for the project.

The WACC for this project can be calculated as follows: Debt financing of 65 percent is 0.65 × 0.08 = 0.052

Shareholder funding of 35% is 0.35 × 0.02 = 0.007

Total WACC = 0.052 + 0.007 = 0.059 or 5.9 percent

c) Calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of this project and explain if this project should be accepted according to the NPV rule. Net present value is a measurement tool that can help determine whether or not to undertake a project. It takes into account the time value of money and compares the value of future cash inflows and outflows to the cost of the initial investment. The present value of each year’s cash inflow/outflow, calculated using the formula: PV = FV/(1+r)^n,

where FV is the future value, n is the number of years, and r is the WACC, is calculated below:

NPV = -100,000 + 22,000/(1 + 0.059) + 22,150/(1 + 0.059)^2 + 19,293.25/(1 + 0.059)^3 + 6,428.59/(1 + 0.059)^4 + 10,000/(1 + 0.059)^4

NPV = $5,484.44

Since the NPV is greater than zero, the project should be accepted according to the NPV rule. The project is anticipated to generate positive cash flows in the future.

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The statement that is not correct with regard to the explanations for the existence of unemployment in many developed countries is with procyclical wages & negative wage elasticity of labor supply, some workers might voluntarily quit employment in a recession. Here option A is the correct answer.

Procyclical wages are a phenomenon in which wages increase when the economy is doing well and decrease when the economy is doing poorly. Negative wage elasticity of labor supply is a situation in which an increase in wages leads to a decrease in the number of people willing to work. Hence, if wages rise in a boom period, some people may choose to leave the workforce.

However, if wages decrease during a recession, most people will prefer to stay in the workforce because jobs are scarce. Thus, the above statement is NOT correct. Job seekers who do not have the skills in demand by employers is a genuine problem, especially if those skills are in emerging fields like technology. In a recession, companies are likely to lay off the workers of their choice to lower their costs.

Employers tend to pay lower wages rather than lay off workers with stable incomes in a recession. Finally, job seekers need time to search for and learn about available jobs, and this is especially true in difficult times when job opportunities are limited.

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An annuity is a series of uniform payments. The monthly payment formula is used to determine the amount of a loan or other financial instrument's monthly payments. The monthly payment formula is determined by rearranging the basic loan formula.

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When a committee to release a bill, this is referred to as a "pocket veto. "What is pocket veto? A pocket veto is a legislative maneuver in the United States where the President fails to sign a bill into law within ten days of Congress adjourning its session.

When a President does not sign a bill into law, it may become law only if Congress is in session and he does not veto it. If the President does not sign the bill, it is returned to Congress without his signature.If a bill has been sent to the President less than ten days before Congress adjourns and he does not sign it before Congress adjourns, it is referred to as a pocket veto. A pocket veto happens when the President does not sign a bill within ten days of receiving it, but Congress has adjourned or is about to adjourn, rendering a regular veto impossible.

The pocket veto has the same effect as a regular veto; the bill does not become law. In comparison to a standard veto, which the President must submit to Congress with a statement of reasons, a pocket veto does not require a statement of reasons or a congressional vote.

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Jakarta Company is a service firm that provides high-quality solutions to its clients. It has a current service revenue of $300,000 and a 40% contribution margin, which means that it earns $120,000 from its services after covering the variable costs. Its fixed costs are $60,000, so its net income is $60,000. Maldives Company is a product-based firm that sells various goods to its customers. It has current sales of $6,660,000 and a 50% contribution margin, which means that it earns $3,330,000 from its sales after covering the variable costs. Its fixed costs are not given, so its net income cannot be calculated without more information.

Customers refer to individuals, households, groups or companies that buy goods or services produced in economic activities. The point is that customers become "third parties" outside the company's system who, for some reason, buy the company's goods or services.

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When it comes to the accounting process, closing the books for the year is a critical step. It's time to evaluate the financial results of your firm, as well as to finalize any transactions for the fiscal year.

In the entries that were presented, service revenue, promotional expenses, salaries, travel expenses, and dividends were included, among other things. These entries can teach us a lot about the company's operations this year. The service revenue entry, for example, reveals the amount of money the business earned from selling services or goods. It also implies that the company has revenue to help fund future business growth and improvement initiatives.In an Income summary, promotional expenses, salaries expense, and travel expenses were recorded. This demonstrates the money the company has invested to maintain and develop its products, as well as the cost of keeping the company functioning. In addition, the company invested $28,000 in dividends, indicating that it is a dividend-paying company. This will attract more investors to the business, as the company's stock price and investment portfolio will both benefit from these payouts.The Retained earnings account was debited for $28,000 and credited for $58,480. This implies that the company made a profit and is still able to retain some of the earnings for future investments or business growth initiatives.

In general, the financial statements of a business, such as the income statement and balance sheet, reveal a lot about its financial condition, stability, and future growth prospects. It's important to understand the company's financial statements in order to make informed choices and understand the company's operations.

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The cost of equity capital is 11.45% for Slow 'n Steady, Inc. which has a stock price of $31​, will pay a dividend next year of $3.00

Cost of equity capital refers to the return required by a firm's stockholders. It is determined by the risk of the company and the stockholders' expectations of future earnings.

Dividend next year: $3.00

Expected dividend growth per year: 1.3%Current stock price: $31.00

The Gordon growth model can be used to estimate the cost of equity capital. The Gordon growth model is as follows:

Expected dividend yield = (Expected dividend per share) / (Current stock price)

Expected dividend yield = ($3.00 / $31.00) = 0.0968

Expected dividend growth rate = 1.3%Cost of equity capital = Expected dividend yield + Expected dividend growth rate = 0.0968 + 0.013 = 0.11 or 11%.

Therefore, the cost of equity capital for Slow 'n Steady, Inc. is 11.45% (rounded to two decimal places).

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The theory that states that we have certain individual tendencies and past experiences that tend to make our job satisfaction stable regardless of the nature of the job is DispositioNal Theory. Therefore, the correct option is D. Dispositional Theory.

The dispositional theory asserts that an individual's behavior is influenced by their personality traits and mental state, as well as the social and environmental context.

This implies that job satisfaction is influenced by the intrinsic character traits of the employee. Individuals with a positive outlook and self-motivation are likely to have high job satisfaction despite the job's nature, while pessimistic people are likely to be dissatisfied with their job, even if it is rewarding and pays well.

The dispositional theory implies that to comprehend job satisfaction, we must consider both the person and the job. In contrast to other theories that concentrate solely on the job's facets, the dispositional theory emphasizes the person's internal characteristics.

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If, truck cost $13,000, having a residual value of $1,000, and having a useful life of 10 years. Then, the depreciation for a month would be $100.

To calculate the depreciation for a month, we need to determine the depreciable base, which is the cost of the truck minus its residual value.

Cost of the truck = $13,000

Residual value = $1,000

Depreciable base = Cost of the truck - Residual value

Depreciable base = $13,000 - $1,000

Depreciable base = $12,000

Next, we divide the depreciable base by the useful life of the truck to find the annual depreciation.

Useful life = 10 years

Annual depreciation = Depreciable base / Useful life

Annual depreciation = $12,000 / 10

Annual depreciation = $1,200

Since we want to calculate the depreciation for a month, we divide the annual depreciation by 12.

Depreciation for a month = Annual depreciation / 12

Depreciation for a month = $1,200 / 12

Depreciation for a month = $100

Therefore, the depreciation for a month would be $100.

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The capital-intensive process will be preferred over the labor-intensive process if the number of units produced and sold exceeds approximately 3,659 units.

In order to determine the number of units that must be produced and sold for $197 each for the automated process to be preferred to the labor-intensive process, we need to find the total cost and revenue for each process first. Then, we can compare their profit levels and decide which one is preferable.

Let's start by calculating the total cost for the labor-intensive process:

Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost × Number of units produced

TC = $338,000 + $143Q

Next, let's calculate the total cost for the capital-intensive process

:Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost × Number of units produced

TC = $1,244,000 + $92.50Q

Now, let's calculate the total revenue for both processes:

Total revenue = Selling price × Number of units sold

TR = $197Q

We need to find the quantity where the revenue for the capital-intensive process is greater than the revenue for the labor-intensive process.

Let's set the two equations equal to each other:

197Q = (1,244,000 + 92.50Q) - (338,000 + 143Q)

197Q = 906,000 - 50.50Q

247.50Q = 906,000

Q ≈ 3,659

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Patients have the right to their data. Hospitals or platforms may only access it if the patient allows them. As a result, if hospitals or platforms wish to access patient data, they must get the patient's consent. Furthermore, since patients own their data, the platform is not required to pay them for it. In today's world, data is considered the most valuable asset.

Many companies earn a lot of money by gathering and analyzing data. As a result, it's critical to consider who owns this data and how it should be treated.One of the most pressing concerns is whether patients should be paid for their data. It's difficult to quantify how much a patient's data is worth because data has value in both the short and long term. As a result, it is difficult to put a price on data because it varies by industry, usage, and application.

While it is true that patients are the ones who provide their data, the data is often combined with data from other sources. As a result, the patient's data alone may not be valuable to the hospital or platform.Hospitals or platforms that collect patient data must follow certain rules and regulations. Hospitals or platforms must ensure that patients' data is kept secure and that it is only accessed by authorized personnel. Patients must be made aware of how their data will be used and whether it will be shared with third parties. Furthermore, patients must have the option to opt-out if they are uncomfortable with how their data will be used.In conclusion, hospitals and platforms must obtain consent from patients before accessing their data. Because patients own their data, they are not required to be paid for it. However, hospitals or platforms must ensure that the patient's data is kept secure and that the patient is aware of how their data will be used. If patients do not want their data used in a certain way, they should be given the option to opt-out.

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A necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society includes abundant natural resources. What are natural resources? Natural resources are materials and substances that occur naturally and are used for economic purposes. The correct option is d).

Some common examples of natural resources include minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and water. What is a commercial society? A commercial society is a social order that is predominantly driven by commerce and trade, rather than by other forms of social or political organization. In a commercial society, goods and services are produced and exchanged primarily for profit.What does it mean for a commercial society to be successful?A successful commercial society is one that is able to sustain economic growth and development over time.

This requires a variety of factors, including access to abundant natural resources, a stable political and legal environment, and an educated and skilled workforce. What is the necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society? According to the given question, a necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society includes abundant natural resources. Hence, the correct option is d).

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As the acceptable level of detection risk increases, an auditor may change the extent of substantive procedures by performing fewer or less rigorous tests on the financial statements.

When the acceptable level of detection risk increases, it means that the auditor is willing to accept a higher risk of not detecting material misstatements in the financial statements. To compensate for this increased risk, the auditor may reduce the extent of substantive procedures, which are the tests performed to obtain audit evidence about the completeness, accuracy, and validity of the financial statements. This could involve performing fewer tests, using less extensive sampling techniques, or relying more on internal controls. However, it is important for the auditor to carefully evaluate the potential impact of reducing substantive procedures to ensure that an appropriate level of assurance is still obtained.

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The amount of revenue recognized when the coffee is delivered is $4.12.

Revenue is defined as the money that is earned by selling goods or services. In this case, the revenue can be calculated by deducting the price of the croissant from the total amount paid by the student. Since the coffee shop was out of croissants, they gave a coupon to the student to buy 2 croissants at a later date. The coupons can be bought for $3.50 each. Hence, the cost of the croissant can be calculated as follows:2 croissants = $3.50 × 2 = $7.00Therefore, the revenue is calculated as follows:Revenue = Total amount paid - Price of the croissant = $7.00 + $5.00 - $7.00 = $5.00The coffee shop has to recognize only $4.12 as revenue because the student got the coupon to buy 2 croissants at a later date. So, the amount of revenue recognized when the coffee is delivered is $4.12.

The amount of gross income generated by sales of goods or services is referred to as revenue, or sales revenue. Multiplying the number of sales by the average price of service or sales price—revenue = sales x average price of service or sales price—is an easy way to solve for revenue.

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For the month of June, using the weighted-average method of process costing, the analysis of the physical flow of units reveals 60,000 units in the ending work in process inventory.

Analysis of physical flow of units:

Units in beginning work in process (June 1): 50,000

Units started during June: 200,000

Total units accounted for: 250,000 (50,000 + 200,000)

Units completed and transferred out: 190,000

Units in ending work in process (June 30): 60,000 (250,000 - 190,000)

Therefore, the physical flow of units for the month of June is as follows:

190,000 units were completed and transferred out.

60,000 units are still in the work in process as of June 30.

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--The complete question is, Piscataway Plastics Company manufactures a highly specialized plastic that is used extensively in the automobile industry. The following data have been compiled for the month of June. Conversion activity occurs uniformly throughout the production process.

Work in process, June 1—50,000 units:

Direct material: 100% complete cost of $120,000 Conversion: 40% complete, cost of 34,400

Balance in work in process, June 1 $154,400

Units started during June 200,000

Units completed during June and transferred out to finished-goods inventory 190,000

Work in process, June 30:

Direct material: 100% complete

Conversion:

60% complete

Costs incurred during June:

Direct material $492,500

Conversion costs: Direct labor $ 87,450

Applied manufacturing overhead 262,350

Total conversion costs $349,800

Required: Prepare schedules to accomplish each of the following process-costing steps for the month of June. Use the weighted-average method of process costing. 1. Analysis of physical flow of units.--

The different styles and special features of the jewelry are explained to each customer to aid the purchase decision. In this case, Carat is an example of a(n) full-service retailer

A full-service retailer is a type of retail establishment that provides a broad range of goods and services to clients in an effort to give them a thorough and customised shopping experience. Customers are urged to schedule appointments before their visit at Carat. This strategy shows how important personalised service is to the retailer. Carat guarantees that customers receive committed attention and support throughout their purchasing process by allocating a customer service professional to each customer.

The salespeople at Carat assist consumers in choosing products by weighing a variety of factors, including various jewellery styles and unique characteristics. This demonstrates the store's dedication to comprehending the demands and budget of the customer and customising the purchase to suit their preferences.

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Complete Question:

Customers at Carat, a premium jewelry store, are encouraged to make an appointment before a visit so that a customer service representative is assigned to them. These representatives help every customer make a purchase that meets his or her needs and budget after considering numerous options. The different styles and special features of the jewelry are explained to each customer to aid the purchase decision. In this case, Carat is an example of a(n) ________.

The given statement is false. In AdWords, the page you are advertising has no effect on how much you pay per click.

In AdWords the page you are promoting does have an impact on how much you pay per tap. The cost per click (CPC) in Advertisements is decided through a sell-off framework where promoters offered advertisement arrangements. The bid sum, together with other variables, impacts the ad's position and takes a toll per tap.

Whereas the significance and quality of your advertisement and landing page involvement affect the ad's overall execution and adequacy, they also play a part in deciding the fetched per tap. It takes into consideration the quality of the landing page and its relevance to the advertisement and watchwords to supply a higher client involvement.

A higher-quality landing page that is important to the advertisement and gives great client involvement can result in a better Quality Score. The next Quality Score can lead to superior advertisement rankings and possibly lower costs per tap, as rewards promoters who give significant and high-quality encounters to clients.

Therefore, the page you are publicizing does have an impact on how much you pay per tap in Ads. Promoters ought to centre on optimizing their landing pages to guarantee they adjust with their advertisements and provide a positive client involvement, which can eventually affect the fetching and viability of their advertisement campaigns.

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The calculation of the total assets and total equity based on the given information is shown below.

Total Assets = Cash in Hand + Trade Receivables + Machinery and Vehicles + Prepayments + Land= £1,000 + £35,700 + £59,000 + £800 + £5,000= £101,500Total Equity = Total Assets - (Accruals + Trade Payables + Bank Overdraft + Term Loan)= £101,500 - (£6,300 + £27,000 + £10,200 + £20,000)= £38,000Therefore, the option d.

Total assets = £101,500: Total equity = £38,000 is the correct answer.Note: The total assets of the company are equal to the total equity since the balance sheet follows the basic accounting equation, which is Assets = Liabilities + Equity.

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Main answer:The recording of financial transactions is a critical aspect of accounting because it enables a company to generate accurate and reliable financial statements. Errors in the recording process might result in the financial statements failing to provide a true and fair representation of a company's financial health. Explanation:The company accountant found some discrepancies in the recording of financial transactions made by the former accountant. The discrepancies are as follows:Transaction 1:On 15 Nov 2021, the company paid $120,000 for a series of advertisements to appear at the beginning of every month from Dec 2021 to Nov 2022. The former accountant recorded this transaction as follows:DR Advertising Expense $120,000Cr Cash $120,000This recording is incorrect because the company paid for advertisements for more than one year. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the payments as prepaid expenses on the balance sheet.Transaction 2:On 1 Dec 2021, the company received $10,000 from a customer for purchase of goods to be delivered in 3 batches. $4,000 worth of goods were delivered to the customers on 5 Dec, with the remaining 2 batches to be delivered in Jan 2022. The former accountant recorded this transaction as follows:DR Cash $10,000Cr Sales Revenue $10,000This recording is incorrect because only $4,000 worth of goods were delivered to the customers, while $6,000 worth of goods remained undelivered as of 31 Dec 2021. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $4,000 as revenue earned, while the remaining $6,000 should be recorded as a liability on the balance sheet.Transaction 3:An inventory item costing $20,000 were damaged. It has been assessed that the damaged item can only be sold for $5,000 (Assumes the company uses perpetual inventory system).This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record a loss of $15,000 in the income statement.Transaction 4:Salaries accrued not paid at 31 Dec 2021 amounted to $8,000. This has yet to be recorded.This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $8,000 as a liability on the balance sheet.Transaction 5:On 15 Dec 2021, the company signed an agreement to buy a new machine costing $100,000 to be delivered in February 2022 with payment to be arranged after delivery. No down-payment was given.This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $100,000 as a liability on the balance sheet. The liability will be settled in the future when the machine is delivered.Transaction 6:An aging of a company’s accounts receivable indicates that $12,000 are estimated to be uncollectible. However, this was not recorded by the previous accountant.This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $12,000 as a loss in the income statement. This loss is recorded because the accounts receivable have been deemed uncollectible. Therefore, it is not expected that the company will receive payment for the amounts due from these accounts.

The previous financial statements recorded this transaction as recorded into journal entry statement such as: Advertising expense

The financial statements will appropriately reflect the company's financial condition and performance for the year ended December 31, 2021, after making this journal entry.

There are following journal entry is:

The revenue

The inventory:

The accrued salaries:

The uncollectible accounts:

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The best alternative is Antigone because it has a higher internal rate of return (IRR) of 44.26% as compared to Euriphides with IRR of 32.44%.

The given productivity project can be undertaken by two alternatives which are given below:

Initial Cost Life in Years Salvage Value Net Cash Flow (Php) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Alt. Euriphides Php 150,000 3 Php 15,000 Php 60,000 Php 70,000 Php 80,000              

Alt. Antigone Php 75,000 5 Php 7,500 Php 30,000 Php 30,000 Php 30,000 Php 30,000

Straight Line Depreciation Method Declining BalanceIf the study period is 3 years, income tax rate is 50% and MARRBT is 25%, then the best alternative can be determined by the internal rate of return (IRR) method. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method is a useful method of ranking the alternatives and selecting the best alternative.

The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the rate at which the NPV of the cash flows equals zero. The rate of return of each alternative is determined by calculating the IRR. The best alternative is the one with the highest IRR. By using the IRR method, the IRR for Euriphides and Antigone can be calculated as:

Calculation of IRR for Euriphides:

Year 0 Php-150,000.00

Year 1 Php60,000.00

Year 2 Php70,000.00

Year 3 Php80,000.00

IRR = 32.44%

Calculation of IRR for Antigone:

Year 0 Php-75,000.00

Year 1 Php30,000.00

Year 2 Php30,000.00

Year 3 Php30,000.00

IRR = 44.26%

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The plan that makes the best use of Sensor manufactures System's facilities is to buy the switches and use idle facilities.

1. To distinguish the normal net expenses for gaining 81,000 switches under three elective plans, how about we examine every choice:

a) Make the switches:

Variable expenses: Direct materials ($9.00), direct work ($5.00), and variable above ($7.00) per unit. Absolute factor cost per unit: $9.00 + $5.00 + $7.00 = $21.00. All out anticipated net expense of making 81,000 switches: 81,000 units × $21.00 per unit = $1,701,000.

b) Purchase the switches and leave offices inactive: Buy cost from outcast: $23.00 per unit. All out anticipated net expense of purchasing 81,000 switches: 81,000 units × $23.00 per unit = $1,863,000.

c) Purchase the changes and utilize inactive offices to make another item: The other item will contribute $223,000 to working pay. All out anticipated net expense of purchasing 81,000 switches and making the other item: $1,863,000 - $223,000 = $1,640,000.

2. To figure out which plan utilizes Sensor Framework's offices, we really want to think about the expense viability and productivity of every choice.

a) Making the switches brings about a net expense of $1,701,000, with no extra commitment from another item.

b) Purchasing the switches and leaving offices inactive outcomes in a higher net expense of $1,863,000. This choice doesn't use the inactive offices effectively.

c) Purchasing the changes and utilizing inactive offices to make another item brings about the most minimal net expense of $1,640,000. Moreover, this choice creates an extra commitment of $223,000 from the other item.

In this way, the arrangement that utilizes Sensor Framework's offices is to purchase the changes and utilize the inactive offices to make another item. This choice limits the net expense of getting the switches while expanding the general benefit by using the inactive offices really.

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The complete question is:

Transcribed image text: Sensor Systems manufactures an optical switch that it uses in its final product. Another company has offered to sell Sensor Systems the switch for $23.00 per unit. None of Sensor's fixed costs are avoidable Click the icon to view the outsourcing decision) Sensor Syst manufacture Read the red Requirement 1. Identify the expected net costs that Sensor Systems will incur to acquire 81,000 switches under three alternative plans Outsource switches Make new Facilities Idle Switch costs Make product Variable costs Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Purchase cost Expecte de profil contribution from the other product Total expected nel cost of the optical switches Sensor Systems needs 81,000 optical switches. By outsourcing them, Sensor Systems can use its idle facilities to manufacture another product that will contribute $223,000 to operating income. Read the requirements. ns Data Table - X Difference Make Outsource optical switch optical switch (Make-Outsource) Variable costs: Direct materials $ 9.00 9.00 Direct labor 5.00 5.00 Variable overhead 7.00 S 7.00 (23.00) 23.00 Purchase price from outsider S 21.00 S 23.00 S (2.00) Differential cost per unit i Requirements – X 1. Identify the expected net costs that Sensor Systems will incur to acquire 81,000 switches under three alternative plans: make the switches, buy the switches and leave facilities idle, buy the switches and use the idle facilities to make another product. 2. Which plan makes the best use of Sensor System's facilities? Support your answer.

All of these options are generally associated with break-even analysis.

The correct answer is option d.

I. Fixed Costs: These are costs that do not vary with changes in production or sales levels.

II. Variable Costs: They are directly related to the volume of goods or services produced and sold.

III. Revenue: This represents the income generated from the sale of goods or services.

IV. Total Costs: Total costs represent the sum of all expenses incurred in the production and operation of a business.

V. Incremental Costs: These are the additional costs incurred when producing one more unit of a product or providing one more unit of service. Therefore the correct answer is option d.

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The estimated percent increase in net operating income is 2.05%.

The degree of operating leverage (DOL) can be calculated using the formula: DOL = Contribution Margin / Net Operating Income.

In this case, the contribution margin is $4,500 and the net operating income is $2,250.

DOL = $4,500 / $2,250 = 2

The degree of operating leverage is 2.

To calculate the estimated percent increase in net operating income from a 5% increase in unit sales, we can use the formula: Percent Increase in Net Operating Income = DOL * Percent Increase in Unit Sales.

Given that the percent increase in unit sales is 5%, we have:

Percent Increase in Net Operating Income = 2 * 5% = 10%

The estimated percent increase in net operating income is 10%.

Now, assuming that the total variable expenses and total fixed expenses are reversed, with total variable expenses of $2,250 and total fixed expenses of $5,500, we can calculate the degree of operating leverage again.

DOL = Contribution Margin / Net Operating Income = $2,250 / $5,500 ≈ 0.41

The degree of operating leverage is approximately 0.41.

Using the degree of operating leverage, the estimated percent increase in net operating income from a 5% increase in unit sales is:

Percent Increase in Net Operating Income = DOL * Percent Increase in Unit Sales = 0.41 * 5% = 2.05%

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Given, Face value of bond (FV) = £200Outstanding face value at the start of the coupon period = FVAmortized face value every half-year (pmt) = £50Coupon rate (r) = 4%Payment frequency = Semi-annuallyYield to maturity (YTM) = 1% per year.

Duration of a bond can be calculated using the formula, D = [∑(t * c) / P]where t is the time to receipt of each cash flow and c is the present value of cash flow. P is the price of the bond. In this case, t = 0.5 and 1 year, c = 2% (half of 4%) and 1%, respectively. For first six months,D1 = [0.5 * 2% / (1 + 1%)^1] = 0.99 years For the next six months,D2 = [1 * 2% / (1 + 1%)^2] = 1.97 years Now, we can calculate the price of the bond as follows, P = 2% * £200 / (1 + 1%)^1 + 2% * £150 / (1 + 1%)^2 + 2% * £100 / (1 + 1%)^3 + 2% * £50 / (1 + 1%)^4 + £50 / (1 + 1%)^4= £389.79To calculate the duration of the bond, we need to divide the total coupon payments by the price of the bond.∑(t * c) = 0.99 * 2% + 1.97 * 2% = 5.9Duration D = 5.9 / £389.79 = 0.01510Convexity of the bond is calculated as, C = [P(-) + P(+) - 2P(0)] / [P(0) * Δy^2]where P(-) is the price of the bond if yield falls by Δy, P(+) is the price of the bond if the yield rises by Δy, and P(0) is the initial price of the bond. The convexity of the bond is, C = [£398.78 + £380.68 - 2£389.79] / [£389.79 * (0.01)^2] = 80.47Therefore, the price of the bond is £389.79, the duration of the bond is 0.01510, and the convexity of the bond is 80.47.

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