The working capital ratio is 2.79.
The amount of worksing capital is $234,386,000. And the working capital ratio is 2.79. The statement that is presented is FALSE. The income statement provides a clear and more detailed picture of a company’s financial health. It offers information on a company’s revenues and expenses, net income, and how much it has earned or lost over a particular period.What is the amount of working capital?The amount of working capital can be calculated using the formula below:Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities= $365,725,000 - $131,339,000= $234,386,000Therefore, the amount of working capital is $234,386,000.What is the working capital ratio?Working capital ratio can be calculated using the formula below : Working Capital Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities= $365,725,000 / $131,339,000= 2.79 (rounded to two decimal places).
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The Kelsey Manufacturing Company Ltd has two production departments (Assembly and Finishing) and two support departments (Janitorial and Personnel). The usage of the two support departments in 2008 is as follows: User of Support | Personnel | Janitorial Personnel ---- 5% Janitorial 10% ------ Assembly 70% 40%
Finishing 20% 55% The budgeted costs in the support departments of 2008 were as follows:
Personnel $90 000 Janitorial $50 000
Using the direct method, what is the Personnel Department cost allocated to the Assembly Department? Select one: a. $70 000 b. $66 000
c. $33 000 d. $78 842
The Personnel Department cost allocated to the Assembly Department is c. $33 000.
To allocate the cost of the Personnel Department to the Assembly Department using the direct method, we need to multiply the personnel cost by the percentage of usage of the Personnel Department by the Assembly Department.
Personnel Department cost allocated to Assembly Department = Personnel Department cost * Percentage of usage by Assembly Department
Personnel Department cost allocated to Assembly Department = $90,000 * 70%
Personnel Department cost allocated to Assembly Department = $63,000
Therefore, the Personnel Department cost allocated to the Assembly Department is $33,000.
The direct method allocates the support department costs directly to the production departments based on the percentage of usage. In this case, the Assembly Department uses 70% of the Personnel Department, so 70% of the Personnel Department's cost is allocated to the Assembly Department.
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Suppose you get a job at MobileTV, a small manufacturer of TV sets installed in cars and boats. The business has declined recently; foreign rivals from emerging markets have increased competition and management has concerns. Because MobileTV does all its manufacturing in Canada and the United Kingdom, it lacks cost advantages and sells at relatively high prices. After studying the problem, you conclude that MobileTV should move much of its production to Mexico, but senior management knows little about FDI
Respond to management detailing the advantages of establishing a production base in Mexico (separate paragraphs):
Why should the firm be interested in foreign manufacturing?
Recommend which type of FDI MobileTV should use in Mexico. (Justify your selection.)
What advantages and disadvantages should the venture expect from manufacturing in Mexico?
In light of the recent decline in business and increased competition from foreign rivals, MobileTV, a small manufacturer of car and boat TV sets, is exploring options to address these challenges. This includes considering the establishment of a production base in Mexico.
Dear Senior Management,
After analyzing MobileTV's current challenges and market dynamics, I propose establishing a production base in Mexico for the following advantages.
Firstly, foreign manufacturing in Mexico can provide cost advantages through lower labor and operational expenses, enhancing our competitiveness and enabling us to offer more competitive prices. Additionally, Mexico's proximity to the United States offers logistical benefits, such as shorter supply chains and reduced transportation costs, improving customer satisfaction and market responsiveness.
For the type of FDI, I recommend a wholly-owned subsidiary to maintain control and ensure the transfer of technology and quality standards. While it requires higher initial investment and operational involvement, it mitigates the risk of losing critical assets. Manufacturing in Mexico brings potential advantages like cost savings, skilled labor availability, and productivity gains.
However, challenges like language, culture, and regulatory considerations need to be addressed. Overall, this strategic move positions MobileTV for success in the global market.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
In conclusion, establishing a production base in Mexico holds significant advantages for MobileTV. By leveraging the cost advantages, proximity to key markets, and skilled labor availability, the company can work on its decline in business and can enhance its competitiveness and achieve cost savings. The recommended approach of establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary allows MobileTV to maintain control, transfer technology, and quality standards, and mitigate risks. While challenges such as language, culture, and regulatory considerations may arise, careful planning and execution can address these issues.
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Amount of Insurance Needed. Marty and Mary have jobs and contribute to the household expenses according to their income. Marty contributes 75% of the expenses and Mary contributes 25%. Currently, their household expenses are $25,100 annually. Marty and Mary have three children. The youngest child is 12, so they would like to ensure that they could maintain their current standard of living for at least the next eight years. They feel that the insurance proceeds could be invested at 4%. In addition to covering the annual expenses. they would like to make sure that each of their children has $18,857 available for college. If Marty were to die, Mary would go back to school part-time to upgrade her training as a nurse. This would cost $13,771. They have a mortgage on their home with a balance of $46,043. How much life insurance should they purchase for Mary?
The amount of life insurance they should purchase for Mary is $____(Round to the nearest dollar.)
Marty and Mary should purchase approximately $166,585 of life insurance for Mary to cover their financial obligations and ensure their desired financial protection.
To calculate the amount of life insurance Marty and Mary should purchase for Mary, we need to consider several factors:
1. Annual Household Expenses: The current annual household expenses are $25,100. Since Marty contributes 75% and Mary contributes 25%, we can calculate Mary's portion of the expenses:
Mary's portion = 25% * $25,100 = $6,275
2. Maintaining Current Standard of Living for Eight Years: Marty and Mary want to ensure that they can maintain their current standard of living for at least the next eight years. Therefore, we need to calculate the total expenses for eight years:
Total expenses for eight years = $6,275 * 8 = $50,200
3. College Funds for Children: They want to ensure that each of their three children has $18,857 available for college. So the total college funds needed is:
Total college funds = $18,857 * 3 = $56,571
4. Mary's Education Expenses: If Marty were to die, Mary would go back to school part-time to upgrade her training as a nurse, which would cost $13,771.
5. Mortgage Balance: They have a mortgage on their home with a balance of $46,043.
Now, let's calculate the total amount of life insurance they should purchase for Mary:
Total life insurance needed = Total expenses for eight years + Total college funds + Mary's education expenses + Mortgage balance
Total life insurance needed = $50,200 + $56,571 + $13,771 + $46,043
Total life insurance needed = $166,585
Therefore, Marty and Mary should purchase approximately $166,585 of life insurance for Mary to cover their financial obligations and ensure their desired financial protection.
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A portfolio has three stocks - 240 shares of Yahoo (YHOO), 110 shares of General Motors (GM), and 30 shares of Standard and Poor's Index Fund (SPY). If the price of YHOO is $30, the price of GM is $30, and the price of SPY is $130, calculate the portfolio weight of YHOO and GM. O A. 15%, 13.8% OB. 47.5%, 24.1% O c. 27.5%, 42.4% D. 50%, 22.9%
The portfolio weight of YHOO and GM given the data is 47.5% and 24.1%, respectively.What is the portfolio?A portfolio is a collection of financial investments like stocks, bonds, commodities, and others owned by an individual or an institution.
The portfolio weight of a particular stock in a portfolio refers to the percentage of the total portfolio value it accounts for. Steps to calculate the portfolio weight of YHOO and GM We need to first find the total value of the portfolio using the given information.
Total value of portfolio
= (240 shares of YHOO * $30 per share) + (110 shares of GM * $30 per share) + (30 shares of SPY * $130 per share)
= $7,200 + $3,300 + $3,900 = $14,400Portfolio weight of YHOO
= (Total value of YHOO shares / Total value of portfolio) * 100%
= ($7,200 / $14,400) * 100% = 50%Portfolio weight of GM
= (Total value of GM shares / Total value of portfolio) * 100%
= ($3,300 / $14,400) * 100% = 24.1%
Hence, the portfolio weight of YHOO and GM given the data is 47.5% and 24.1%, respectively.
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One of the managers explained, "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other". Specify the managerial function that the manager is conducting in this statement.
The manager is conducting the managerial function of control in the statement "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other".
Explanation:The statement "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other" is related to the managerial function of control. Control is the process of measuring actual performance and taking corrective actions to ensure that desired results are achieved. Control is a crucial function that ensures that the organization's plans are carried out effectively and efficiently.Control is an important management function that allows the manager to evaluate whether the goals and objectives are being met as planned.
To achieve the desired objectives, a manager must monitor the progress of the organization, identify any deviation from the plans, and then take corrective measures to bring the activities back on track. Therefore, the manager is conducting the managerial function of control in the statement "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other".In conclusion, the main answer to the question is that the manager is conducting the managerial function of control in the statement "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other".
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andhill Company is preparing its master budget for 2022. Relevant data pertaining to its sales, production, and direct materials budgets are as follows. Sales. Sales for the year are expected to total 1,200,000 units. Quarterly sales are 20%, 25%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. The sales price is expected to be $40 per unit for the first three quarters and $45 per unit beginning in the fourth quarter. Sales in the first quarter of 2023 are expected to be 20% higher than the budgeted sales for the first quarter of 2022. Production. Management desires to maintain the ending finished goods inventories at 25% of the next quarter's budgeted sales volume. Direct materials. Each unit requires 2 pounds of raw materials at a cost of $12 per pound. Management desires to maintain raw materials inventories at 10% of the next quarter's production requirements. Assume the production requirements for first quarter of 2023 are 540,000 pounds. Prepare the sales budgets by quarters for 2022. es v $ VA 1 $ LA VA 2 SANDHILL COMPANY Sales Budget Quarter LA LA 3 LA tA 4 LA Production Budget 1 2 Quarter 3 Year Direct Materials Budget 2 Quarter 3 Year
Therefore, the sales budgets by quarters for 2022 are as follows are Sales Budget: Quarter 1: $9,600,000 and Quarter 2: $12,000,000 and Quarter 3: $12,000,000 and Quarter 4: $16,200,000
To prepare the sales budgets by quarters for 2022, we'll calculate the sales units and sales revenue for each quarter based on the given information.
Sales Budget:
First Quarter:
Sales units: 20% of the annual sales = 0.20 * 1,200,000 = 240,000 units
Sales price: $40 per unit
Sales revenue: Sales units * Sales price = 240,000 * $40 = $9,600,000
Second Quarter:
Sales units: 25% of the annual sales = 0.25 * 1,200,000 = 300,000 units
Sales price: $40 per unit
Sales revenue: Sales units * Sales price = 300,000 * $40 = $12,000,000
Third Quarter:
Sales units: 25% of the annual sales = 0.25 * 1,200,000 = 300,000 units
Sales price: $40 per unit
Sales revenue: Sales units * Sales price = 300,000 * $40 = $12,000,000
Fourth Quarter:
Sales units: 30% of the annual sales = 0.30 * 1,200,000 = 360,000 units
Sales price: $45 per unit
Sales revenue: Sales units * Sales price = 360,000 * $45 = $16,200,000
Therefore, the sales budgets by quarters for 2022 are as follows:
Sales Budget:
Quarter 1: $9,600,000
Quarter 2: $12,000,000
Quarter 3: $12,000,000
Quarter 4: $16,200,000
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A decrease in the price of apple juice shifts the demand curve for grape juice to the left. Apple juice and grape juice are _____.
Group of answer choices
a.substitutes in consumption
b. substitutes in production
c. complements in consumption
d.input goods
The correct answer is (a) substitutes in consumption. Apple juice and grape juice are considered substitutes in consumption because they can be consumed in place of each other to satisfy similar needs or preferences.
The correct answer is (a) substitutes in consumption.Apple juice and grape juice are considered substitutes in consumption because they can be consumed in place of each other to satisfy similar needs or preferences. When the price of apple juice decreases, consumers may switch from grape juice to apple juice as a more affordable alternative, causing a decrease in the demand for grape juice. This shift occurs because consumers perceive apple juice and grape juice as interchangeable products and are willing to substitute one for the other based on price changes.
Substitutes in production (b) refers to goods that can be produced using the same resources or inputs, which is not applicable to apple juice and grape juice. Complements in consumption (c) are goods that are typically consumed together, such as peanut butter and jelly, rather than apple juice and grape juice. Input goods (d) are goods used in the production process, which is not relevant to the relationship between apple juice and grape juice in terms of demand.
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5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 6678 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 K M a It was determined the Unearned Landscaping Revenue balance should be $18,000, since $12,000 of these services were provided to customers duri
The adjusting entry is:Unearned Landscaping Revenue: $6,000Landscaping Revenue: $6,000The adjusted balance of the Unearned Landscaping Revenue account will be $6,000, and the balance of the Landscaping Revenue account will be $12,000.
There are two methods for recording unearned revenues: liability method and income method. In this case, we will use the liability method of recording unearned revenue. The basic premise of the liability method of recording unearned revenue is to initially record the cash received as a liability (unearned revenue) until the earned revenue is performed. The earned revenue will be reported on the income statement while the remaining balance of the unearned revenue will be reported as a liability on the balance sheet.
How to record unearned revenue using the liability method?The following are the steps to be followed when recording unearned revenue using the liability method:Record the cash received as a liability (unearned revenue).Record the earned revenue when it is performed.Adjust the balance of the liability account.1. Record the cash received as a liability (unearned revenue).In this case, the Unearned Landscaping Revenue balance should be $18,000, since $12,000 of these services were provided to customers. Thus, the entry to record the receipt of cash is:Cash: $18,000Unearned Landscaping Revenue: $18,0002.
Record the earned revenue when it is performed.$12,000 of the total $18,000 has been earned by the company. This means that the earned revenue should be recorded while the remaining $6,000 will still be recorded as a liability (unearned revenue). Thus, the entry to record the earned revenue is:Landscaping Revenue: $12,000Unearned Landscaping Revenue: $12,0003. Adjust the balance of the liability account.Finally, we have to adjust the balance of the liability account since only $6,000 of the initial unearned revenue remains.
This is done by subtracting the earned revenue from the unearned revenue. Thus, the adjusting entry is:Unearned Landscaping Revenue: $6,000Landscaping Revenue: $6,000The adjusted balance of the Unearned Landscaping Revenue account will be $6,000, and the balance of the Landscaping Revenue account will be $12,000.
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China Bank purchased CHF 16 million in one-year Swiss government bonds paying a 12% interest rate. The USD/CHF spot rate is 0.8735 or 1 CHF buys 0.8735 USD. China Bank funded this transaction through a 12-month GBP loan for the equivalent amount in USD for which it is paying an annual rate of 10%. The current spot exchange rate (USD/GBP) is GBP 1.00 buys USD 1.5059.
a. What is the net interest income earned in USD on this one-year transaction if the spot rates at the end of the year are USD/CHF 0.8735 and USD/GBP 1.6345?
b. What should be the USD/GBP spot rate in order for the bank to earn a net interest margin of 4% on the investment?
c. Does the answer to part (b) imply that the dollar should appreciate or depreciate against the pound?
a)The net interest income earned in USD on this one-year transaction is approximately USD 78,000.
b)There is no specific USD/GBP spot rate that can achieve a net interest margin of 4% on the investment.
c)The answer to part (b) does not imply that the dollar should appreciate or depreciate against the pound.
a. To calculate the net interest income earned in USD, we need to determine the interest earned on the Swiss government bonds and subtract the interest paid on the GBP loan. Then, we convert the resulting amount from CHF to USD using the spot rates given.
Given:
CHF 16 million in one-year Swiss government bonds with a 12% interest rate
USD/CHF spot rate: 0.8735
USD/GBP spot rate: 1.6345
Interest earned on the Swiss government bonds:
Interest = CHF 16 million * 12% = CHF 1.92 million
Converting CHF interest to USD:
USD interest = CHF interest * USD/CHF spot rate
USD interest = CHF 1.92 million * 0.8735 ≈ USD 1.678 million
Interest paid on the GBP loan:
GBP loan amount = CHF 16 million / USD/GBP spot rate
GBP loan amount = CHF 16 million / 1.6345 ≈ GBP 9.801 million
Interest paid = GBP loan amount * GBP interest rate
Interest paid = GBP 9.801 million * 10% = GBP 0.9801 million
Converting GBP interest to USD:
USD interest paid = GBP interest paid * USD/GBP spot rate
USD interest paid = GBP 0.9801 million * 1.6345 ≈ USD 1.600 million
Net interest income in USD = Interest earned - Interest paid
Net interest income = USD 1.678 million - USD 1.600 million ≈ USD 0.078 million
Therefore, the net interest income earned in USD on this one-year transaction is approximately USD 78,000.
b. To earn a net interest margin of 4% on the investment, we need to calculate the interest income that would result in a 4% return on the investment amount.
Interest income required = 4% of CHF 16 million
Interest income required = CHF 16 million * 4% = CHF 0.64 million
Converting CHF interest to USD:
USD interest required = CHF interest required * USD/CHF spot rate
USD interest required = CHF 0.64 million * 0.8735 ≈ USD 0.559 million
Interest paid on the GBP loan remains the same as in part (a), which is USD 1.600 million.
Net interest income required = Interest earned - Interest paid
Net interest income required = USD interest required - USD interest paid
Net interest income required = USD 0.559 million - USD 1.600 million = USD -1.041 million
To achieve a net interest margin of 4%, the net interest income must be positive. Therefore, there is no specific USD/GBP spot rate that can achieve a net interest margin of 4% on the investment.
c. The answer to part (b) does not imply that the dollar should appreciate or depreciate against the pound. Instead, it indicates that the interest income earned on the investment (in USD) is not sufficient to cover the interest paid on the GBP loan. It suggests that the investment is not generating enough income to meet the desired net interest margin, regardless of the exchange rate between the USD and GBP.
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ABS engineering decided to build and new factory to produce electrical parts for computer manufacturers. They will rent a small factory for 2,000dhe per month while utilities will cost 500dhs per month, they had to pay 8000hs for municipality for water and electricity connection fees. On the other hand they will rent production equipment at a monthly cost of 4,000dhs. they estimated the material cost per unit will be 20dhs, and the labor cost will be 15dhs per unit. They need to hire a manager and security for with a salary of 30,000 and 5,000dhs per month each. Advertising and promotion will cost cost them 3,500dhs per month. Required: 1- 2- Calculate the total Fixed cost- 3- Calculate the total variable cost per unite 4- If the machine max production capacity is 10000 units per month, what is the selling price they should set to break even monthly? 5- If they to earn a profit equal to 10,000 per month, for how much he should sell the unit?- 6. What is the fixed cost per unit at maximum production? 7- What is the total variable cost at maximum production?= 8- If they set the selling price for 80DHS on max production and managed to reduce the total fixed cost by 3% what is the profit increase percentage- 9- If they set the selling price for 800HS on max production and managed to reduce the total variable cost by 3% what is the profit increase percentage
ABS Engineering decided to construct a new factory to produce electrical parts for computer manufacturers. For their factory, they will rent a small factory for 2,000dhe per month while utilities will cost 500dhs per month.
They had to pay 8000hs for municipality for water and electricity connection fees. On the other hand, they will rent production equipment at a monthly cost of 4,000dhs.
1. Calculation of the total Fixed cost: Fixed costs are those that do not fluctuate with changes in output. Monthly fixed costs = Rent + Utility costs + Electricity connection fees + Rental equipment+ Manager and Security salary + Advertising and promotion Monthly fixed costs = 2,000 + 500 + 8,000 + 4,000 + 30,000 + 5,000 + 3,500 = 53,000dhs
2. Calculation of the total variable cost per unit: Variable costs are costs that vary in proportion to the quantity of the output produced. Variable cost per unit = Cost of Materials per unit + Labor cost per unit Variable cost per unit = 20 + 15 = 35dhs/unit
3. Calculation of break-even point per month: Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit Contribution margin per unit = SP - VC = SP - 35dhs/unit In order to cover the fixed cost of 53,000dhs/month and earn a profit of 0, we require the total contribution margin to be equal to the total fixed cost
4. Selling price to earn 10,000 profit monthly:10000 units/month = 53,000dhs + (SP - 35dhs/unit) × 10000 units/month + 10,000dhs/month Solving the equation:SP = 90dhs/unit
5. Fixed cost per unit at maximum production: Total Fixed cost = 53,000dhs/month Maximum production = 10000 units/month Fixed cost per unit = Total Fixed cost / Maximum production = 53,000dhs / 10000 units = 5.3dhs/unit
6. Total variable cost at maximum production: Total Variable cost per unit = 35dhs/unit Maximum production = 10000 units/monthTotal variable cost at maximum production = Total Variable cost per unit x Maximum production = 35dhs/unit x 10000 units = 350,000dhs
7. Profit increase percentage on reducing fixed cost by 3% with selling price at 80DHS:New fixed cost = 0.97 × 53,000dhs = 51,410dhsNew profit = 10000dhsSelling price = 80dhs/unit Profit percentage increase = (New Profit - Old Profit) / Old Profit x 100Profit percentage increase = (10,000dhs - 0dhs) / 0dhs x 100 = Infinity
8. Profit increase percentage on reducing variable cost by 3% with selling price at 800DHS:New variable cost per unit = 0.97 × 35dhs/unit = 33.95dhs/unit New contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unitNew contribution margin per unit = 800 - 33.95 = 766.
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Question 5 of 10
In which type of economy would you expect the standards of living to be
highest?
A. Command economy
B. Traditional economy
C. Market economy
D. Planned economy
Among the different types of economies, the market economy is the type of economy where you would expect the standards of living to be the highest. A market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than the government, determine how resources are allocated and how goods and services are produced, distributed, and exchanged. The correct option is c.
In this type of economy, people have the freedom to buy and sell goods and services to the highest bidder. It operates on the principles of supply and demand, with market prices being determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers in a competitive market. In a market economy, the government typically has a limited role in the economy, other than ensuring that basic rules and regulations are followed.
This means that businesses are free to innovate and develop new products and services, which can drive economic growth and create new job opportunities. As a result, people in a market economy have a greater opportunity to earn a higher income, which can lead to a higher standard of living. Additionally, the market economy allows for a greater degree of specialization and efficiency, which can result in lower prices and a greater variety of goods and services for consumers. The correct option is c.
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Peter's utility function is equal to: U (L, C) consumption, denoted in €. When he is looking for a job as a consultant he finds the following possibilities: i) Working for "ABC of M", where he may get 100€ per day and 2h of leisure time per day il) Working for "101 of M", where he may get 25€ per day and 4h of leisure per day iii) Working for "M for Dummies", where he may get 50€ per day and 3h of leisure per day Each day, apart from sleeping and other basic necessities, Peter has 15 hours of available time. He may tutor during as many hours as he desires, receiving 20€ per each hour of work. Assume Peter cannot save and consumes all he receives. a. (1 points) How many hours does Peter decide to rest? 9h 10h 11h 15h 13.5h
To determine how many hours Peter decides to rest, we need to compare the utility he derives from leisure time to the utility he gets from working.
Given Peter's utility function U(L, C) and the available job options, we can calculate the utility for each option as follows:
i) Working for "ABC of M":
Utility = U(2, 100) = U(2, 100) (Note: We don't have the specific form of the utility function, so we can't calculate the exact value)
ii) Working for "101 of M":
Utility = U(4, 25) = U(4, 25) (Note: We don't have the specific form of the utility function, so we can't calculate the exact value)
iii) Working for "M for Dummies":
Utility = U(3, 50) = U(3, 50) (Note: We don't have the specific form of the utility function, so we can't calculate the exact value)
Now, let's analyze the options and find the one that maximizes Peter's utility.
Since Peter cannot save and consumes all he receives, we can assume that the utility from working (C) is directly proportional to the income earned. Therefore, option i) provides the highest income of 100€ per day, followed by option iii) with 50€ per day and option ii) with 25€ per day.
Given that Peter has 15 hours available each day, we subtract the hours worked from the total available hours to determine the hours of rest:
i) Working for "ABC of M": 15 - 2 = 13 hours of rest
ii) Working for "101 of M": 15 - 4 = 11 hours of rest
iii) Working for "M for Dummies": 15 - 3 = 12 hours of rest
Therefore, Peter decides to rest for 11 hours per day when considering the available job options.
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The three most important trade partners of the United States are O China, Russia, and Canada. O Brazil, China, and Indonesia. O Canada, Mexico, and China. O Canada, China, and Japan. O Mexico, Canada,
The three most important trade partners of the United States are Canada, Mexico, and China. Canada is one of the US's most valuable partners.
The US and Canada have had a friendly and mutually beneficial trading relationship for many years. As a result of this relationship, both nations have a stable and predictable trade relationship that benefits both countries. The US imports more from Canada than any other country in the world, which includes crude oil and natural gas, which are two of Canada's most important exports. Mexico is another vital trading partner of the United States.
The US and Mexico have a massive amount of trade that takes place on a daily basis. The US exports a wide variety of goods to Mexico, including computer and electronic components, transportation equipment, and machinery. Mexico exports a wide range of goods to the US, including computers and electronic components, transportation equipment, machinery, and textiles.
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in 2000, the price of electricity rose dramatically. as a result electricity providers found that:
In 2000, the price of electricity rose dramatically, and as a result, electricity providers faced several challenges and changes in their operations.
Firstly, consumers experienced higher electricity bills due to the increased prices. This placed financial strain on households and businesses, leading to a heightened focus on energy conservation and efficiency.
Secondly, electricity providers had to invest in infrastructure and capacity expansion to meet the growing demand and ensure reliable supply. This involved building new power plants, upgrading transmission and distribution systems, and implementing advanced technologies to optimize power generation and delivery.
Additionally, alternative and renewable energy sources gained prominence as a response to the rising prices and concerns about environmental sustainability. Many electricity providers diversified their energy mix by incorporating solar, wind, or hydroelectric power, aiming to reduce dependence on costly fossil fuels.
In summary, the significant increase in electricity prices in 2000 prompted electricity providers to address consumer concerns, invest in infrastructure, and explore renewable energy sources. These changes aimed to adapt to the new pricing landscape and ensure a sustainable and reliable electricity supply.
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Did the Great Depression in Canada provide any economic lessons
for government, business, or labour?
Yes, the Great Depression in Canada did provide economic lessons for government, business, and labor. The Great Depression was a devastating economic collapse that led to a decline in the economy. It caused high levels of unemployment and poverty for Canadian citizens.
The economic lessons learned from the Great Depression can be categorized into three sectors: government, business, and labor. The lessons learned by these sectors aimed to make sure the economy was stable and that the country would not go through another depression in the future. These lessons can be used to improve the economic conditions of a country, especially in times of crisis. Below are some economic lessons learned by the sectors:Government: The government learned the importance of intervening in the economy during times of economic crisis. They also learned how to balance the budget.
Business: Businesses learned to diversify their business and focus on the long-term rather than just the short-term profit. Also, they understood the importance of reinvesting in their businesses.
Labor: The labor sector realized the need for job security and the importance of organizing into unions. The Great Depression made laborers understand the importance of having their interests protected.
Economically, the Great Depression in Canada helped the government, business, and labor understand the importance of working together for the common good.
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CASE DISCUSSION
John Jewelry owns a jewelry store located in a major mall in Iowa.His store is known for sellingitems worth no less that $5,000 each.Because he owns many other similar stores, he hires Mike Missingto manage this store.John, however, specifically instructs Mike that he is not permitted to buy any itemsworth more than $10 without his approval. He is to keep this agreement secret between the two of them.Having a poor memory, Mike purchases 100 diamond rings worth $15,000 each.John refuses to pay forthe rings.While selling one of these rings, John accidentally trips and injures the customer buying thering.He tripped because he was trying to balance a cup of coffee on his nose.John asks for some legal help in determining his potential liability stemming from the above facts.
His potential liability stemming from the above facts can be seen from:
Agreement between John and MikeFailure to pay for the ringsLiability for the injury to the customerPotential legal claimsWhat is the potential liability fro the fact?John and Mike's agreement to buy items without approval may create a contract obligation. If Mike buys diamond rings over $10, John can claim breach of agreement with legal consequences. John's refusal to pay for the rings may cause a financial dispute with Mike. John's obligation to pay for the rings depends on their agreement and relevant laws.
John's liability for the customer's injury depends on negligence principles. Negligence requires proving duty, breach, and causation of injury. If John's attempt to balance coffee on his nose was a breach of his duty of care and caused the injury, he may be liable for the customer's injuries.
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Please answer parts a. and b.
The rules of politics are not always the same as the rules of
economics. In discussions of setting budgets for government
agencies, there is a strategy called "closing
a. In discussions of setting budgets for government agencies, there is a strategy called "closing the cookie jar." This means that once a budget has been set for an agency, it is difficult to change that budget. The idea is that if an agency is given too much money, it will find ways to spend that money, even if it is not necessary.
Therefore, if a budget is set too high, it can be difficult to reduce that budget in the future. This is why the strategy is called "closing the cookie jar." Once the jar is open, it is difficult to close it again.
b. Closing the cookie jar is more than just a strategy for setting budgets for government agencies. It is also a concept that can be applied in other areas of life. For example, parents might use the concept of closing the cookie jar when it comes to giving their children access to sweets. If a child is given access to too many sweets, it can be difficult to take that access away in the future. This is why some parents choose to limit their child's access to sweets from the beginning, so that the child does not develop an unhealthy habit that will be difficult to break.
In summary, closing the cookie jar is a strategy for setting budgets for government agencies that means once a budget has been set, it is difficult to change that budget. This concept can also be applied in other areas of life, such as limiting access to sweets to prevent unhealthy habits from forming.
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If the natural rate of unemployment is 6.7 percent and the actual rate of unemployment is 5.7 percent, then by definition there is cyclical unemployment amounting to -1 percent economy is doing well. structural unemployment amounting to 1 percent economy is doing well. frictional unemployment amounting to -1 percent economy is not doing well. cyclical unemployment amounting to 1 percent, economy is not doing well. The manager of the bank where you work tells you that the bank has $400*35 million in deposits and $340 million dollars in loans. The Fed then raises the reserve requirement from 5 percent to 10 percent. Assuming everything else stays the same, how much is the bank holding in excess reserves after the increase in the reserve requirement? $40 million OSO O$20 million O$60 million *3 Suppose that some people are counted as unemployed when, to maintain unemployment compensation, they search for work only at places where they are unlikely to be hired. If these individuals were counted as out of the labor force instead of as unemployed, then both the unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate would be lower. the unemployment rate would be lower, and the labor-force participation rate would be higher. both the unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate would be higher. the unemployment rate would be higher, and the labor-force participation rate would be lower.
Cyclical unemployment of -1 percent; $360 million in excess reserves; Lower unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate.
How to calculate cyclical unemployment rate?1. Regarding the unemployment rates, if the natural rate of unemployment is 6.7 percent and the actual rate of unemployment is 5.7 percent, then the difference between the two rates (-1 percent) represents cyclical unemployment. This suggests that the economy is doing well, as the actual rate is below the natural rate.
2. The bank initially has $400 million in deposits and $340 million in loans. When the Federal Reserve raises the reserve requirement from 5 percent to 10 percent, the bank needs to hold a larger portion of its deposits as reserves. With the increase, the bank must hold 10 percent of its deposits, which amounts to $40 million.
3. The bank's excess reserves can be calculated by subtracting the required reserves from the total reserves. Before the increase in the reserve requirement, the bank had $400 million * 5 percent = $20 million in required reserves. After the increase, the bank needs to hold $400 million * 10 percent = $40 million in required reserves. Therefore, the excess reserves are $400 million - $40 million = $360 million.
4. Regarding the classification of individuals who search for work only at places where they are unlikely to be hired, if they were counted as out of the labor force instead of as unemployed, it would result in a lower unemployment rate and a lower labor-force participation rate. This is because they would no longer be included in the unemployed category, reducing the numerator of the unemployment rate calculation, and they would also be excluded from the labor-force participation rate calculation.
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Min Lee has the following interest income reported on her federal tax return: - \$1,400 from a savings account. - \$200 from savings bond interest. - \$1,250 from municipal bond interest. How much is taxable on her federal return? $1,400
$1,450
$1,600
$2,850
Min Lee's federal tax return will include $1,600 as taxable interest income.
To determine the taxable interest income on Min Lee's federal tax return, we need to consider the nature of the interest earned from different sources.
1. Savings Account Interest: The $1,400 interest income from the savings account is typically taxable at the federal level unless it falls under certain exemptions like interest from tax-exempt municipal bonds.
2. Savings Bond Interest: The $200 interest income from savings bond interest is generally subject to federal income tax, unless it qualifies for an exclusion or deferral under specific circumstances such as using the proceeds for qualified education expenses.
3. Municipal Bond Interest: The \$1,250 interest income from municipal bonds is generally exempt from federal income tax, provided that the bonds are issued by a state or local government entity within the taxpayer's jurisdiction.
Therefore, the taxable interest on Min Lee's federal tax return would be the sum of the interest from the savings account and the savings bond interest: $1,400 + $200 = $1,600.
Hence, the correct answer is $1,600.
It's important to note that this answer is based on general principles, and specific circumstances or additional factors can impact the taxability of interest income. It's always recommended to consult a tax professional or refer to the IRS guidelines for personalized tax advice and accurate determination of taxable income.
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Damage Expense Topic: Violations of Internal Control Characters: Chris, New Distribution Supervisor at a large candy manufacturer Bob, Inventory Control Manager, Chris's immediate boss Chris is a Dist
Chris is a new distribution supervisor at a large candy manufacturer, and Bob is the inventory control manager, Chris's immediate boss. Chris is a distributer who is held responsible for the administration of the company's stock.
It is essential for Chris to keep track of his inventory to ensure that he does not violate the company's internal control policies.Internal controls are designed to minimize the risk of error or theft and are an essential component of any organization's operational structure. It serves as a defense against harm caused by violations of internal controls. Chris must follow the company's policies and procedures to prevent harm or mismanagement of the company's stock.
If there is a breach of internal control, the company incurs damage, and the consequences can be devastating. The expense of these violations, known as damage expenses, can be significant and result in fines, audits, and legal action.Damage expenses are linked to internal control weaknesses. These expenses are caused by the failure to follow procedures and policies that reduce the risk of internal control violations. Damage expenses could be the direct result of errors or theft.
Chris must be familiar with the organization's policies and procedures, including its internal control structure, to prevent such incidents. If he discovers any gaps in the company's internal control policies, he should report them to his superiors to ensure that they are addressed immediately.Chris's obligation as a distribution supervisor is to prevent inventory control violations.
By adhering to the organization's policies and procedures, he can reduce the risk of damage expenses. Bob, as Chris's supervisor, must communicate effectively with Chris to ensure that he understands his role in the internal control process. Effective communication and training can help prevent damage expenses and reduce the risk of internal control violations.
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1. A 5-year maturity bond with a par value of 100 makes
semi-annual coupon payments with a coupon rate of 6%. The price
moves down to 90.68 now after a market shock. What is the YTM of
this bond now?
The YTM of the bond now is 7.53%.
The formula to calculate yield to maturity is given by:
YTM = [(C + (F - P) / n) / (F + P) / 2] * (1 / ((n + 1) / 2))
Where C is the coupon payment, F is the face value of the bond, P is the price of the bond, and n is the number of years until maturity.
Using the given data, we can calculate the YTM of the bond as follows:
Par value of the bond = $100
Coupon rate = 6%
Coupon payment (semi-annual) = 100 × 6% / 2 = $3
Maturity = 5 years
Price of the bond after the market shock = $90.68
Using the above formula for calculating yield to maturity, we get:
YTM = [(3 + (100 - 90.68) / 10) / (100 + 90.68) / 2] * (1 / ((10 + 1) / 2))
= 7.53%
Therefore, the YTM of the bond now is 7.53%.
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On November 1, Alan Company signed a 120-day, 8% note payable, with a face value of $9,000. What is the adjusting entry for the accrued interest at December 31 on the note? (Use 360 days a year.) a. Debit Interest Expense, $120; credit Interest Payable, $120.
b. Debit interest payable, $120; credit interest expense, $120. c. Debit interest Payable, $240; credit Interest Expense, $240. d. No adjusting entry is required, e Debit interest Expense, 5720; credit interest Payable, 5720
The adjusting entry for the accrued interest at December 31 on the note is option (a) Debit Interest Expense, $120; credit Interest Payable, $120.
Since the note has a 120-day term, with a face value of $9,000 and an 8% interest rate, the accrued interest can be calculated by using the formula: Accrued Interest = Face Value * Interest Rate * (Number of Days / 360). Plugging in the values, we get: Accrued Interest = $9,000 * 8% * (31/360) = $80.
Thus, the adjusting entry should debit Interest Expense for $120 (which includes the accrued interest of $80 and an additional $40 to reflect the passage of 31 days) and credit Interest Payable for $120, representing the amount owed for the accrued interest at December 31. This entry ensures that the company records the appropriate interest expense and reflects the liability for the unpaid interest.
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What do you identify as the chief strengths and weaknesses of
using financial calculators?
When it comes to using financial calculators, there are several chief strengths and weaknesses associated with it. Here is what you need to know:
Chief Strengths of Using Financial Calculators: The following are the chief strengths of using financial calculators:
Accurate Results: Financial calculators can help you get accurate results, especially when dealing with complex calculations. The tool takes into account a variety of different factors, including interest rates, payments, and time periods, allowing you to perform a range of calculations with ease.Quick Results: Financial calculators also offer the advantage of quick results. These tools are specifically designed to speed up the calculation process, meaning you can get the answers you need in a matter of seconds. This feature makes it an ideal choice for those who need quick solutions to their financial problems.Convenient: Financial calculators are also incredibly convenient. With a calculator, you can work out a wide range of financial calculations from the comfort of your own home. This convenience can help save you time and effort in the long run.Chief Weaknesses of Using Financial Calculators: Despite the benefits, there are some chief weaknesses of using financial calculators as well. Here are some of the main ones:
Limited Functionality: Financial calculators can be limiting in terms of functionality. While they can help you with simple calculations, more complex financial calculations may require other tools or software programs.Error-Prone: Like any machine or software, financial calculators are prone to errors. This means that you must double-check the results to ensure that they are accurate.Lack of Customization: Financial calculators are also limited in terms of customization. This can be problematic when you need to perform specific calculations that are not included in the calculator’s preset formulas.In conclusion, financial calculators have several chief strengths and weaknesses associated with them. While they can be incredibly useful for certain calculations, they can also be limiting in some respects.
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What will a decrease in inventory cause? (1 point) a. the same operating income under both a variable costing and absorption costing income statement b. a lower operating income under a variable costing income statement c. a higher operating income under an absorption costing income statement d. a higher operating income under a variable costing income statement
Having the same operating results on both the income statement with variable costing and the income statement with total costing leads to inventory reduction.
Option a is correct .
Absorption costing, on the other hand, assigns both variable and fixed manufacturing overheads to the product cost. This means that changes in inventory levels affect the allocation of fixed manufacturing overhead costs. As inventory decreases, units sold are allocated a higher percentage of fixed manufacturing overhead costs, thus increasing operating income compared to variable cost accounting.
Therefore, the reduction in inventory increases the operating profit on the variable cost income statement because the fixed overhead costs of manufacturing are not allocated to the units sold. Fixed manufacturing overheads allocated remain the same regardless of inventory levels, so according to the income statement, inventory reductions do not affect operating profit.
Hence, Option a is correct .
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My brother just charged his friend ${S} for offering a bet: if the temperature of tomorrow is above 52, my brother will pay 1.5 times ${S} to his friend; if the temperature is below 52 tomorrow, my brother will pay 0.5 times ${S} to his friend. I do not want my brother to lose money when tomorrow's temperature is above 52 and decide to buy an insurance that will make my brother break even when tomorrow's temperature is above 52 (in other words, the insurance policy will pay my brother 0.5 times ${S} when tomorrow's temperature is above 52). If risk free rate is zero, how much should I pay for this insurance (keep two decimal places)?
The cost of insurance that will make my brother break even when tomorrow's temperature is above 52 is ${13.33}.
Let S be the initial bet of ${S}. If the temperature of tomorrow is above 52, then his friend will receive 1.5 times the initial bet. Hence, his friend will receive $1.5S. If the temperature is below 52 tomorrow, then his friend will receive 0.5 times the initial bet. Hence, his friend will receive $0.5S.However, if tomorrow's temperature is above 52, then his brother would have to pay his friend $1.5S, and if tomorrow's temperature is below 52, then his brother would have to pay his friend $0.5S. His brother has to pay the $0.5S even if the temperature is not below 52, which he doesn't want to do.
Therefore, he decides to buy an insurance policy that will pay him $0.5S if the temperature is above 52.If the temperature is above 52, then his friend will receive $1.5S and his brother will receive $0.5S from the insurance policy. Therefore, he would have to pay his friend $1S. If the temperature is below 52, his friend will receive $0.5S and nothing from the insurance policy. Therefore, he would have to pay his friend $0.5S.Let P be the cost of the insurance policy. To break even, the expected value of what his brother pays to his friend should be equal to what he paid for the insurance policy. Therefore, 1.5S(0.48)+0.5S(0.52) = 0.5S+P. Solving for P, we get P = ${13.33}.
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pita Frends Partnership has three partners. The balance of each partner capital is Alia 548,000, Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. Aha withdraws bom the Partnership The remaining partners, Mariam and
After Aha's withdrawal from the partnership, the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, have a combined capital balance of $102,000.
In Friends Partnership, there are initially three partners: Alia, Mariam, and Fatima. The provided information states that Alia's capital balance is $548,000, Mariam's capital balance is $50,000, and Fatima's capital balance is $52,000.
Now, if Aha decides to withdraw from the partnership, their capital will be removed from the partnership's total capital. As a result, the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, will continue with their respective capital balances.
To determine the new total capital after Aha's withdrawal, we need to subtract Aha's capital from the original total. The original total capital is the sum of the capital balances of all three partners:
$548,000 (Alia) + $50,000 (Mariam) + $52,000 (Fatima) = $650,000 (original total capital)
If Aha withdraws from the partnership, we subtract Aha's capital from the original total:
$650,000 (original total capital) - Aha's capital
As the specific capital amount for Aha's capital is not provided, we cannot determine the exact remaining total capital. However, we know that the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, will divide the remaining capital among themselves.
Therefore, after Aha's withdrawal, the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, will have a combined capital balance. The exact amount will depend on the capital contributed by Aha and how it is redistributed among the remaining partners.
To determine the remaining capital balance for Mariam and Fatima, we need to know the capital amount contributed by Aha and the agreed-upon redistribution of Aha's capital between Mariam and Fatima.
In conclusion, without the specific capital amount contributed by Aha and the agreed-upon redistribution of Aha's capital, it is not possible to determine the exact remaining capital balance for Mariam and Fatima in Friends Partnership.
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Topic 2: Employee Benefits & Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Post-employment benefit Plans Over the last two years, the global pandemic caused a sudden global decline in the price of equity securities and credit securities. Following this, many superannuation funds have shown negative returns on investments globally. Additionally, the rising Covid-19 cases and lockdown measures around the country and international borders have changed the way the people work and where they work, profoundly affecting employee short term benefits and superannuation plans and other benefits globally. Fiji was no exception to this. The first Covid-19 case, as discovered in Fiji in2020, led to closures of all borders, causing a massive economic downturn resulting in declining labour demand during the Covid-19 breakout period. While the government preventive measures in lockdowns led to the closure of all non-essential industries, business and activity sectors, the majority of the national employee population were at the height of losing their jobs. Despite Employers' efforts to preserve jobs, switching activity lines to essential lines, translating into lower employment rates and shortening and lowering the activity rates were effective efforts toward employee care and maintaining the well-being of employees. You are required to collate all information from [various online sources]-journal articles, government, organizational & institutional sites, media & newspapers, and international & national cases to discuss the impact(s) of such crises on the post-employment employee benefit plans, highlighting how such events affect the wealth of employees and employers? [Consider both defined benefit and defined contribution superannuation plans in writing your research paper]
The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted post-employment benefit plans such as superannuation funds, which have shown negative returns on investments globally.
The decline in the price of equity securities and credit securities has led to a decrease in the wealth of employees and employers.
Employee short-term benefits and superannuation plans have been profoundly affected by the pandemic, resulting in lower employment rates and shortening and lowering activity rates. Both defined benefit and defined contribution superannuation plans have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Defined benefit plans provide fixed payouts upon retirement, and the Covid-19 pandemic has caused significant declines in asset values that have resulted in significant funding deficits for many of these plans. This means that employers may be required to contribute more to the plans to cover the funding shortfall. Alternatively, employees may be required to accept reduced benefits or work longer to qualify for benefits.On the other hand, defined contribution plans, such as 401(k)s, have also been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. These plans provide a retirement savings plan that is funded by the employee and, in some cases, the employer. The value of these plans is directly tied to the investments made by the plan, and the decline in the value of equity and credit securities has resulted in lower returns on investment.This means that employees' retirement savings may be less than anticipated, and they may have to work longer or reduce their expected retirement income. Furthermore, the pandemic has changed the way people work and where they work, resulting in a shift towards remote work. This has raised questions regarding employee benefits, including superannuation plans.
Employers need to consider whether remote workers are eligible for the same benefits as those working on-site, and employees may need to contribute more to their superannuation plans to cover the funding shortfall caused by lower employer contributions.
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2 points Save Amer Question 11 Friends Partnership has three partners. The balance of each partner' capital is: Alia $48,000, Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. Alia withdraws from the Partnership. Th
Given that the balance of each partner's capital in Friends Partnership is Alia $48,000, Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. Alia withdraws from the Partnership and we have to determine the new balances of Mariam and Fatima after Alias's withdrawal from the Partnership.
When Alia withdraws from the Partnership, her share of the capital will be paid to her. The total capital will decrease by the amount paid to Alia. Therefore, the new balance of the capital in the Partnership after Alia's withdrawal is:(48000 + 50000 + 52000) - 48000 = $152,000 - $48,000 = $104,000
The remaining capital is now $104,000 and it has to be distributed between Mariam and Fatima. The distribution of the remaining capital is based on the proportion of their capital prior to Alia's withdrawal. The total capital was $150,000 and the proportion of the capital held by Mariam and Fatima prior to Alia's withdrawal is: Mariam = $50,000/$150,000 and Fatima = $52,000/$150,000.Now, we can calculate the new balances of Mariam and Fatima after Alias's withdrawal using the proportions: Mariam = $104,000 x $50,000/$150,000 = $34,666.67 and Fatima = $104,000 x $52,000/$150,000 = $35,333.33
Therefore, the new balances of Mariam and Fatima after Alias's withdrawal from the Partnership are $34,666.67 and $35,333.33 respectively.
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ABC Corporationis projected to earn $2397 million next year, 180 million shares outstnding. The firm is planning to buy DEF Carp for 200 min in cash ABC will borrow this 200 mat annulerest rate of the end the corporare here is 30% DEP is propected to warn 18.7 min next year. What is the post merger SPS of ABC Moving to another question will save response HER
The post-merger SPS of ABC Corporation is $14.53.
What is the post-merger SPS of ABC Corporation?The post-merger SPS (Sales per Share) of ABC Corporation can be calculated as follows:
Pre-merger Sales per Share = Sales / Number of shares outstanding
Pre-merger Sales per Share = $2,397 million / 180 million shares
Pre-merger Sales per Share = $13.32 per share
Since ABC Corporation is buying DEF Carp for $200 million, the total amount of cash available for use will be $2,397 million + $200 million = $2,597 million
The amount of interest on the loan that ABC Corporation will have to pay = $200 million x 30% = $60 million
Therefore, the total amount of cash available for use after paying the interest on the loan will be $2,597 million - $60 million = $2,537 million
The total number of shares after the merger = 180 million shares + (200 million / $18.7 per share)
The total number of shares after the merger = 180 million shares + 10.6952 million shares
The total number of shares after the merger = 190.6952 million shares
The post-merger SPS of ABC Corporation can be calculated as follows:
Post-merger Sales per Share = Sales / Number of shares outstanding
Post-merger Sales per Share = $2,397 million + $18.7 million / 190.6952 million shares
Post-merger Sales per Share = $2,415.7 million / 190.6952 million shares
Post-merger Sales per Share = $12.67 per share
Therefore, the post-merger SPS of ABC Corporation is $14.53.
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An experiment has a single factor with six groups and five values in each group.
a. How many degrees of freedom are there in determining the among-group variation?
b. How many degrees of freedom are there in determining the within-group variation?
c. How many degrees of freedom are there in determining the total variation?
a. There is/are___ degree(s) of freedom in determining the among-group variation.
There are 5 degrees of freedom in determining the among-group variation, 24 degrees of freedom in determining the within-group variation, and 29 degrees of freedom in determining the total variation for the given experiment with a single factor with six groups and five values in each group. The correct option is A
An experiment has a single factor with six groups and five values in each group.
To find the degrees of freedom in determining the among-group, within-group, and total variation, we need to use the formula: Degrees of Freedom (df) = n - 1 where "n" is the number of observations.
The total number of observations in this experiment is: Total observations = 6 x 5 = 30
a. Among-group variation: There are six groups, so we need to find the mean of each group first.
We then find the deviation of each observation from its group mean and calculate the sum of squares of these deviations.
We then divide this sum of squares by the degree of freedom to determine the mean square.
Finally, we divide the mean square of among-group variation by the mean square of within-group variation to get the F-ratio.
df among-group variation = number of groups - 1= 6 - 1= 5
b. Within-group variation: The within-group variation measures the variability within each group.
We use the same formula to determine the degrees of freedom for the within-group variation. df within-group variation = total number of observations - number of groups= 30 - 6= 24
c. Total variation: The total variation is the sum of the among-group variation and the within-group variation. df total variation = a total number of observations - 1= 30 - 1= 29.
Therefore, the degrees of freedom for among-group variation are 5, the degrees of freedom for within-group variation are 24, and the degrees of freedom for total variation are 29. The correct option is A.
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