[URGENT!] - Acids and Bases

a) What is the pH of a solution in which 25.0 ml of a 0.400 M solution of HCl is added to 75.0 ml of a 0.500 M solution of ammonium hydroxide?

b) If 0.050 moles of KOH were added to the buffer solution, what would be the resulting pH?

c) Explain what chemical reaction(s) happen as KOH is added to the buffer solution.

Neon is stable noble gas having the atomic number 10 and there are 8 valence electron in the outermost shell.

Neon is a noble gas having the valence electron 8.  Valence electrons are the total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. The valence electron for neutral atom is always definite. Neon has eight valence electrons, a full octet that makes neon quite stable Noble gas. This can be confirmed via it's electronic configuration by looking at the highest energy level. The electronic configuration of Neon is, 1s2 2s2 2p6 or [He] 2s2 2p6. Here, the 2s orbital holds two valence electrons while the 2p orbital holds the other six valence electrons. so there are 8 valence electrons that is a full octet. This follow the octet rule.

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Answer:

The pattern that can be seen from the table is that the energy for decomposition reactions increases as the elements become more complex. For example, the reaction energy for the deterioration of water (2H₂O) is +498 kJ/mol, whereas the reaction energy for the decomposition of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is +550 kJ/mol. The highest reaction energy is observed in the deterioration of hydrogen iodide (2HI) with a reaction energy of +769 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

The [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex] Lewis structure has a trigonal planner form with a 120-degree angle(Shown in the picture).

Two bonding and three nonbonding lone pairs of electrons are present on the central carbon atom of the Lewis structure [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex]. The three sets of electron pairs are organized in a trigonal planar arrangement. The Lewis structure  [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex] has a triangular shape.

The [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex] Lewis structure has a 120-degree bond angle. The configuration is [tex]AX_{2}[/tex]. There are two bonding pairs and one lone pair on the central atom. The electron pairs in this region remain in a plane. Therefore, in the Lewis structure [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex], the molecular shape is trigonal.

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There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore,  the bond can be represented as M·×X.

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound.  Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond.

The metal belonging to group 1 will have 1 electron in the outermost shell which can be represented as M·

Halogens have also 1 electron in its outermost shell which can be represented as X×

When these combine to form bond then the bond can be represented as M·×X.

Therefore,  the bond can be represented as M·×X.

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No, not all pewter contains lead. Lead-free pewter is available and is made with a combination of tin, antimony, and copper.

What is Pewter?

Pewter is an alloy made primarily of tin, with small amounts of copper, antimony, and sometimes bismuth. It is a malleable metal with a silvery-grey color, and is commonly used to make decorative items and functional items such as plates, teapots, and figurines.

Lead-free pewter is a type of alloy metal made up of tin, antimony, and copper. This type of pewter does not contain any lead, making it a safe and non-toxic alternative to traditional pewter. Lead-free pewter is often used in the production of jewelry, ornaments, kitchenware, and even tableware. It is valued for its malleability, resistance to corrosion, and durability. Lead-free pewter is also more cost-effective than traditional pewter and is ideal for creating intricate designs and details.

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Chemical Properties of Known Compounds Indicate your observations in the reaction matrix.

We can see that a qualitative analysis of the compound shows that it has a lilac flame colour. The lilac flame colour corresponds to the potassium ion (K^+). Chemical Properties of Unknown Compounds Indicate your observations in the reaction matrix .

The test of addition of HNO3(aq) and AgNO3(aq) to a solution is a test for halogens. If the result is a green precipitate, then the ion present is the iodide ion (I^-). The compound must be KI.

Therefore, Chemical Properties of Known Compounds Indicate your observations in the reaction matrix.

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Answer: Washing your hands with soap, and hand sanitizer.

Explanation:

The right molecular orientation and sufficient energy to overcome Ea are necessary for one collision amongst reaction to be successful.

The vehicular accident, human crash, and internal collision are the three steps that every collision goes through, which you may not have known.

Regardless of who was at fault, coverage provides compensation to fix or replace your automobile if it is damaged or damaged in a collision with another vehicle. That's not the same as liability insurance, which assists in covering damage to that other user's vehicle as a result of a collision you caused.

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Aqueous potassium phosphate reacts with aqueous nickel(ii) bromide to produce solid nickel(ii) phosphate and aqueous potassium bromide. the correct option is a) true

The chemical reaction is given as follows :

K₃PO₄(aq)  +   NiBr₂(aq)   ----->   Ni(PO₄)₂(s)   +  KBr(aq)

the reaction is not balance to balance the chemical equation number of atoms in the product side is equals to the reactant side. so, multiply 2 in K₃PO₄ , 3 in NiBr₂ and 6 in KBr, we get :

2K₃PO₄(aq)  +   3NiBr₂(aq)   ----->   Ni(PO₄)₂(s)   +  6KBr(aq)

potassium      nickel bromide       nickel             potassium bromide

phosphate                                   phosphate

Now the above reaction is balanced. potassium phosphate reacts with  nickel(ii) bromide to produce nickel(ii) phosphate and potassium bromide.

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Answer:

Density

Explanation:

Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume. Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.

Answer:

The relationship between the mass and volume of a substance is known as its density. Density is defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume. In other words, it is a measure of how much matter is packed into a given space. The density of a substance is determined by dividing its mass by its volume. For example, if a substance has a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters, its density would be 10 grams / 2 cubic centimeters = 5 grams/cubic centimeter. Density is an important physical property of substances, as it can be used to identify and classify different materials and understand their behavior.

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Explanation:

The hybridization of carbons C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-5 is sp³, sp², sp³, sp³, and sp² hybridized repecitively in the figure attached below.

In chemistry, orbital hybridization can be described as the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to generate new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds.

For example, in a carbon atom that forms four single bonds the valence-shells here orbital combines with 3 valence-shell p-orbitals to form 4 equivalent sp³ mixtures in a tetrahedral arrangement around the carbon to bond to four different atoms.

The carbon sp² hybridizes when one π (pi) bond is required for the double bond between the carbons and 3 σ bonds are formed per carbon atom. The chemical bonding in compounds with triple bonds is sp hybridization.

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All solutions have the same freezing point, which is 0°C.

Solution is a term used to describe the answer or resolution to a problem, challenge, or inquiry of some kind. It is an act or means of solving a problem or reconciling differences. A solution may also involve setting a goal or plan of action to reach the desired outcome. Solutions are often creative and require collaboration from multiple individuals or groups.

This is because the freezing point of a solution can be affected by the presence of dissolved substances, but all of the solutions listed contain the same type of dissolved substances (each contains one mole of a single substance), so they will all have the same freezing point.

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If all the oxygen atoms in the human body were oxygen-18, the human would lose 4.7kg. (Option C)

According to research, our bodies use more calories at rest in low oxygen conditions than in environments with normal oxygen levels. This is probably because the nervous system is activated. Researchers have also discovered that, maybe as a result of elevated levels of the hormone leptin, appetite declines with exposure to decreasing oxygen levels.

Hemoglobin-bound oxygen transport is the main mode of oxygen delivery in blood. The maximum amount of oxygen atoms that a gram of hemoglobin can bind is 1.34 ml. The concentration of hemoglobin (in g/dL blood) multiplied by 1.34 mL O2 / g Hb is used to determine the blood's ability to carry oxygen.

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Cadmium. With the exception of potassium, harmful metal contaminants include chromium, lead, and mercury.

Individual metals and metal compounds that are toxic to humans' health, called "heavy metals," include both single metals and metal compounds. This page discusses certain poisonous semi-metallic elements, such as selenium and arsenic. Many of these metals are essential to life in extremely tiny quantities. But when consumed in greater quantities, they became poisonous. They might accumulate in biological systems and pose a serious risk to one's health. Technical and governmental information regarding hazardous metals can be found on this website as a starting point. As harmful metal contaminants, arsenic and beryllium are also present. An abundant yet uncommon element called cadmium is naturally present in the environment.

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True statement about steel shot versus lead shot is Steel shot is more unstable in flight than lead shot. Hence, option D is correct.

Lead is more dense than steel. The steel pellets weigh one-third less than lead pellets of the same size.

Hence, we can conclude that steel shot is more unstable in flight than lead shot.

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The steps of enzyme action in correct order are (A) (iv)--> (ii)--> (iii)-->(i) , So correct answer is option(A) .

The correct order of enzyme ( i.e biological Catalyst) action on catalyst reaction is the following:

(iv)The part of the enzyme where the substrate molecules attach is known as the active site. Once attached, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex.

iii) The induced fit model stated that when the substrate comes into contact with the active site, the active site modulates according to the shape of the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate complex.

ii) The active site of the enzyme is in close proximity to the substrate and disrupts the chemical bonds of the substrate.

i) The enzyme releases the reaction products and the enzyme can freely bind to another substrate.

So the correct answer is option A.

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Complete question:

Are the steps of enzyme action in correct order and choose the right option.

(i) Enzyme releases products of reaction and the enzyme is free to bind to another substrate.

(ii) Active site of enzyme is in close proximity of substrate and breaks the chemical bonds of substrate.

(iii) Binding of substrate induces enzyme to alter its shape fitting more tightly around substrate.

(iv) Substrate binds to active site of enzyme fitting into active site.

A) (iv), (ii),(iii),(i)

B) (iii),(ii),(i),(iv)

C) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv)

The ions Mg2+ and O2- that are connected by an ionic bond make up magnesium oxide MgO . However, since each molecule contains one mass atom of magnesium and one atom of oxygen.

We may infer from the valency that the net charge in each molecule is zero and balanced. As a result, magnesium oxide has the chemical formula MgO. Mass of a substance Equals number of moles (n) a substance's molar mass. Magnesium is a chemical element, but magnesium oxide is an ionic molecule, which is the major distinction between magnesium and magnesium oxide. One kind of magnesium that is frequently consumed as a dietary supplement is magnesium oxide.

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The vapour pressure of water is 17.438 mm Hg.

The molar masses of glucose is 180 g/mol and water is18 g/mol.

Number of moles of glucose = 25/180

=0.139

Number of moles of H2O = 450/ 18

=25

Mole fraction of glucose = 0.139/ 0.139+25

= 0.0055

Lowering vapour pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction

P 0−P/ P 0 = X

17.535−P/ 17.535 = 0.0055

P = 17.438

Hence, the vapour pressure of a solution is 17.438 mm Hg.

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Answer:

a recycling bins

Explanation:

it's the easiest to do and to follow

An easy and sustainable way for campuses to reduce waste is recycling bins. Therefore, option A is correct.

Before being transported to recycling facilities, recyclables are stored in recycling bins. For usage inside and outside of residences, workplaces, and big public venues, recycling bins come in a variety of sizes.

The recycling bin's goal is to gather items that might have otherwise ended up in landfills. These items are frequently processed again to create new items. There are various items that can go in a recycling container. Papers, metal scraps, periodicals made of plastic, discarded gadgets, and a variety of other items are all acceptable.

The collection of used newspapers and magazines for recycling and their conversion into new paper products is an illustration of external recycling. Glass bottles and aluminum cans are two further examples of common items that are extensively recycled outside.

Thus, option A is correct.

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Answer:

0.005 moles of sulfuric acid are in the solution

Explanation:

For for than 30 years, lead has not been allowed in pewter. Tennessee Pewter is fully lead-free and suitable for use with food.

Lead-free and safe to use, modern pewter is a good choice. 95% tin, plus copper and antimony, are the main ingredients. "The items are guaranteed to be lead-free and quite safe to be used for all types of food and drink," one producer claimed.

Due to health concerns raised by the Lead content, pewters are no longer used in objects (such as cups, plates, or jewelry) that will come into touch with people's bodies.

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Because it is a stronger basic than hydroxide ion, it cannot persist in aqueous solution. Examples include ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (C 6 H 4 (C 2) 2) and sodium hydride (NaH). A neutral base and neutral acid join together to form a bond and share an electron pair.

The three definitions of "base" used in chemistry are Arrhenius base, Bronsted base, and Lewis base. The fact that bases react with acids is acknowledged by all base definitions. Chemistry's definition of an Arrhenius base is a chemical that breaks down into hydroxide ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution. Qualities of a base. The ions in an aqueous base solution split apart to conduct electricity. Its pH level is higher than 7. As they interact with acids, salts are created.

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A mark, sign, or phrase is a symbol if it denotes, or is taken to denote, an idea, an object, or a relationship.

A symbol in literature is something that stands for or symbolizes another idea. A symbol can be almost anything, including an item, a mark, an image, a character, a name, or a location. A literary technique known as symbolism uses symbols to give a story significance.

A symbol is anything that stands for or represents anything else. A character, an action, a thing, or an animal can all have symbolic meaning in a story. These symbols frequently represent an abstract concept, such a force of nature, a global condition, or a notion.

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A chemical formula is a phrase that lists the constituent parts of a compound together with their relative proportions.

A written chemical formula is a straightforward illustration of an actual, three-dimensional molecule. The precise atoms that make up a material are described in its chemical formula. The empirical formula, the molecular formula, and the structural formula are the three fundamental types of chemical formulas.

Empirical, molecular, and structural chemical formulas are the three basic categories. In contrast to molecular formulas, which display the number of each type of atom in a molecule, structural formulas display the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Answer: Alternating is the first one, and direct is the second one.

Explanation:

The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 6,028.25 J/mol. The normal boiling point of nitrogen is 77.58 K.

The table for the question is in the attachment. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation to estimate the heat of vaporization.

ln (P₁/P₂) = ΔH/R × (1/T₂ - 1/T₁)

where

ln (130,5/289,5) = ΔH/R × (1/70 - 1/65)

ln 0.45078 × 8.314 = ΔH × ((65 - 70)/4550)

- 0.79678 × 8.314 = ΔH × (- 5/4550)

- 6.6244 = ΔH × - 1/910

ΔH = - 6.6244 × - 910

ΔH = 6,028.2 J/mol

The normal boiling point reaches when pressure is 1 atm or 760 torr.

ln (760/1,718) = (6,028.2/8.314) × (1/85 - 1/T)

ln 0.4424 = 725.0662 × ((T - 85)/85T)

-0.81554 ÷ 725.0662 = ((T - 85)/85T)

- 0.001125 × 85T = T - 85

- 0.0956T = T - 85

- 0.0956T - T = 85

- 1.0956T = - 85

T = - 85 ÷ - 1.0956

T = 77.58 K

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The given compound is a carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group. The IUPAC name of the following compound is 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid.

IUPAC states certain rules to to name the organic compounds. Firstly the name of the compound is based on the number of carbon atoms in  the longest chain.

The carbon atoms with the functional groups attached are numbered in such a way that, they have the small numberings. The functions groups are named with their suffix or prefix.

The given compound is a carboxylic acid with the group COOH. The long chain contains 6 carbons and a hydroxyl group is there in the second carbon. Hence, its name is 2-hydroxy hexanoic acid.

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Answer: 12.7L

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for concentration, which is C = m/V, where C is the concentration, m is the mass of the solute, and V is the volume of the solution. In this case, the concentration of salt in seawater is given, as well as the mass of salt that we want to recover, so we can solve for the volume of seawater by rearranging the formula to solve for V. The formula for V would be V = m/C.

Plugging in the given values, we get: V = 450 g / 35.5 g/L = 12.7 L

Rounding to three significant digits, the volume of seawater that must be evaporated to recover 450. g of salt is 12.7 L.

the volume of seawater that needs to be evaporated to recover 450 g of salt is approximately 12.7 L.

We need to use the given information and the concept of mass concentration to find the volume of seawater that needs to be evaporated.

The mass concentration of salt in seawater is given as 35.5 g/L. This means that in every liter of seawater, there are 35.5 grams of salt.

We want to recover 450 g of salt, so we can set up a proportion using the mass concentration:

35.5 g salt / 1 L seawater = 450 g salt / X L seawater

Solving for X (the volume of seawater), we can rearrange the equation:

X L seawater = (450 g salt) / (35.5 g salt / 1 L seawater)

X L seawater = 450 g salt × (1 L seawater / 35.5 g salt)

X L seawater = 12.676 L seawater

Rounding the answer to 3 significant digits, the volume of seawater that needs to be evaporated to recover 450 g of salt is approximately 12.7 L.

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An organic substance consisting of C, H, and O is not soluble in water. This macromolecule is most probably: lipid.

Lipids are non-polar organic compounds that are insoluble in polar solvents, such as water. They have oily, fatty, and waxy consistency. Lipids are typically made of:

Lipids typically have the following characteristics:

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