We consider a market model, where the prices of the risk-free and risky assets are denoted by A(t) and S(t), respectively. Assume that A(0) = 100, A(1) = 110, S(0) = 10 dollars, and

S(1) = 12 with probability 1/2

11 with probability 1/4

10 with probability 1/4

(a) Is the model arbitrage free? If not, give an arbitrage opportunity.

(b) Find all portfolios (x, y) with positive initial capital and 11% expected return, where x and y denote the units of the risky and risk-free assets, respectively.

(c) Calculate σV /σS for the portfolios found in (b), where σV is the risk of such a portfolio and σS is the risk of the risky asset.

Answers

Answer 1

There is no possibility of a riskless profit. Therefore, the model is arbitrage-free.

Other combinations of x and y that satisfy the equation will also provide portfolios with a positive initial capital and an expected return of 11%.

How to get the arbitrage

If S(1) = 12 (with probability 1/2): The portfolio value is -12 + 10 = -2.

If S(1) = 11 (with probability 1/4): The portfolio value is -11 + 10 = -1.

If S(1) = 10 (with probability 1/4): The portfolio value is -10 + 10 = 0.

As we can see, in all scenarios, the portfolio value is either zero or negative. There is no possibility of a riskless profit. Therefore, the model is arbitrage-free.

To find portfolios (x, y) with positive initial capital and an expected return of 11%, we can set up the following equation based on the expected return:

0.11 = (xS(1) + y(A(1) - A(0)))/100

Substituting the given values:

0.11 = (x12 + y(110 - 100))/100

Simplifying the equation:

0.11 = (12x + 10y)/100

To find all possible solutions, we can vary the values of x and y. For example, one solution is x = 1 and y = 2, which gives:

0.11 = (121 + 102)/100

0.11 = 0.32/100

0.11 = 0.0032

Other combinations of x and y that satisfy the equation will also provide portfolios with a positive initial capital and an expected return of 11%.

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Related Questions

Suppose that the willingness to pay of several fans for Ducks football tickets is shown in the table below.

Poppy likes to eat hot peppers. A coworker brought Poppy a jar of extremely hot ghost peppers. The accompanying graph illustrates Poppy's total utility for these peppers.

Use the graph to answer the question and assume that Poppy seeks to maximize her utility.

Answers

A) In response to Poppy's question, it would be better for her to consume 5 peppers. This is where her utility is maximized.  Thus the right response will be "consume fewer than 7 peppers, you'll be better off" (Option D)

B) Marginal utility becomes negative with the consumption of 6th pepper .(Option B).

What is marginal utility?

Marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction or benefit derived from consuming one additional unit of a good or service.

It measures the change in total utility resulting from a small change in the quantity consumed.

Marginal utility typically diminishes as more units are consumed, reflecting the concept of diminishing marginal utility.

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Full Question:

Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:

See attached.

which of the elements of this scenario represent a flow from a firm to a household? this could be a flow of dollars, inputs, or outputs. check all that apply. the aspirin maria receives the $300 per week kevin earns working for pillmart pharmacy the $225 kevin spends to purchase medical services from the medical clinic

Answers

The flow of inputs or outputs, as well as cash or capital, occurs between households and companies in the economy.

Households, in turn, use the money to buy the goods and services they need. Therefore, the aspirin in the scenario is the element that represents a flow from a firm to a household as it is the finished good produced and sold by the firm to the household (Maria) who is the consumer.

In the scenario given, the $300 per week that Maria receives is her income or revenue, which is a flow from a household to a firm. It's not a flow from a firm to a household. Similarly, the $225 Kevin spends to purchase medical services from the medical clinic is not a flow from a firm to a household but a flow from a household to a firm.

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According to Rogelberg (2019), on average, managers spend 23 hours per week in meetings. How many hours each week that a manager spends in team meeting are unproductive? a.24 b.15 c.10 d.8 e.6

Answers

According to Rogelberg (2019), on average, managers spend 23 hours per week in meetings. 15 hours each week that a manager spends in team meeting are unproductive. So the right option is (b)15.

Explanation:There are different reasons why meetings become unproductive. For example, poor planning, lack of structure, and lack of focus are some of the reasons why meetings become unproductive. When meetings are unproductive, they are a waste of time and resources.

Meetings become unproductive when they do not achieve their objectives. In this case, the objective of the meeting is to discuss team matters and make decisions. If the meeting does not achieve these objectives, then it is unproductive.According to a study by Harvard Business Review, unproductive meetings cost companies $37 billion each year.

Therefore, it is important for managers to find ways to make meetings more productive. Some of the ways managers can make meetings more productive include setting clear objectives, inviting only relevant people, and using an agenda. Additionally, managers should also ensure that meetings start and end on time and that there are action items at the end of each meeting.

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Once the break-even point is reached, which of the following statements is true?
A. The total contribution margin changes from negative to positive.
B. Net income will increase by the unit contribution margin for each additional item sold.
C. Variable expenses will remain constant in total.
D. The contribution margin ratio begins to decrease.

Answers

The correct answer is: B. Net income will increase by the unit contribution margin for each additional item sold.

The break-even point is the point at which total revenue equals total expenses, resulting in zero net income. It is the level of sales at which a company covers all its costs but does not generate any profit.

When the break-even point is reached and additional units are sold beyond that point, each additional unit contributes to net income by the amount of the unit contribution margin. The unit contribution margin is calculated by subtracting variable expenses per unit from the selling price per unit.

Here's an example to illustrate this:

Let's assume a company sells a product for $10 per unit and incurs variable expenses of $6 per unit. The contribution margin per unit would be $10 - $6 = $4.

At the break-even point, the company's total sales revenue would cover all its total expenses, resulting in zero net income.

However, once the break-even point is surpassed and additional units are sold, the company starts generating a positive net income. For each additional unit sold, the company's net income will increase by the unit contribution margin of $4 in this example.

When the break-even point is reached, net income will increase by the unit contribution margin for each additional item sold. This is because the contribution margin represents the amount of revenue that contributes to covering fixed expenses and increasing profit after the break-even point.

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an enrichment program for economically disadvantaged preschoolers is an example of a public policy initiative aimed at building __________________.

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An enrichment program for economically disadvantaged preschoolers is an example of a public policy initiative aimed at building human capital.

What is human capital?

Human capital refers to the economic value of an employee's skill set. Human capital is an intangible asset that may not appear on the balance sheet of a company but has a significant impact on its productivity and growth.

An enrichment program for economically disadvantaged preschoolers is an example of a public policy initiative aimed at building human capital. It aims to provide a better future for economically disadvantaged preschoolers by allowing them access to educational resources, which will help them achieve higher education in the future.

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Which of the following changes while moving along the aggregate demand curve/
a. future projects
b. future income of households
c. the amount of money in the economy
d. the price level

Answers

The price level changes while moving along the aggregate demand curve. Option d is correct.

The price level is the primary factor that changes while moving along the aggregate demand curve. As the price level increases, the quantity of goods and services demanded decreases, leading to a movement along the aggregate demand curve. Conversely, as the price level decreases, the quantity of goods and services demanded increases, resulting in another movement along the aggregate demand curve.

Future projects, future income of households, and the amount of money in the economy can influence aggregate demand, but they are considered determinants of aggregate demand that shift the entire curve, rather than factors that change while moving along the curve. Option d is correct.

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Match the value chain activity in the left column with the scenario in the right column.
Value Chain Activity Scenario
1. Service activities 2. Inbound logistics 3. Marketing and sales activities 4. Firm Infrastructure 5. Human resource management 6. Technology 7. Procurement 8. Outbound logistics 9. Operations Choose from:
Assembly line, Buying (sourcing) raw materials, CEO and CFO, Delivery to the firm's customer, New-product development, Receiving dock and raw materials, Surveys for prospect customers, Warranty work, Worker recruitment

Answers

The correct value chain activity is Service activities - Warranty work, Inbound logistics - Receiving dock and raw materials, Marketing and sales activities - Surveys for prospect customers, Firm Infrastructure - CEO and CFO, Human resource management - Worker recruitment, Technology - New-product development, Procurement - Buying (sourcing) raw materials, Outbound logistics - Delivery to the firm's customer,  Operations - Assembly line.

Here is a matching of the value chain activities with the corresponding scenarios:

Service activities - Warranty work

Service activities involve providing support and assistance to customers after the sale. In this scenario, warranty work is a specific service activity where the firm addresses any issues or repairs covered under the warranty for its products.

Inbound logistics - Receiving dock and raw materials

Inbound logistics refers to the activities involved in receiving, storing, and distributing raw materials within the organization. The scenario of receiving dock and raw materials aligns with this activity, as it involves the physical handling and storage of materials upon their arrival.

Marketing and sales activities - Surveys for prospect customers

Marketing and sales activities are focused on promoting products or services and generating sales. Conducting surveys for prospect customers is part of the marketing and sales process, as it helps gather feedback, understand customer preferences, and identify potential leads.

Firm Infrastructure - CEO and CFO

Firm infrastructure refers to the overall organizational structure and management. The CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and CFO (Chief Financial Officer) are key positions in the firm's infrastructure, responsible for strategic decision-making and financial management.

Human resource management - Worker recruitment

Human resource management involves activities related to employee recruitment, training, and development. Worker recruitment specifically falls under this category, as it involves sourcing and hiring suitable candidates for various roles within the organization.

Technology - New-product development

Technology plays a crucial role in developing new products or improving existing ones. New-product development involves utilizing technology to research, design, and create innovative products that meet customer demands and enhance competitiveness.

Procurement - Buying (sourcing) raw materials

Procurement refers to the process of sourcing and acquiring necessary materials, goods, or services for the organization. Buying (sourcing) raw materials is a procurement activity, involving the selection and purchase of materials from suppliers.

Outbound logistics - Delivery to the firm's customer

Outbound logistics encompasses the activities involved in delivering finished products to customers. Delivery to the firm's customer is an outbound logistics scenario, where the organization ensures timely and efficient transportation of products to the end-users.

Operations - Assembly line

Operations refer to the core activities involved in producing goods or delivering services. The assembly line is a specific operation scenario where products are manufactured or assembled using a sequential process.

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If investor's revise their expectations and now expect that Canada's inflation rate will increase over the next ten years, what impact will this have on the slope of the yield curve? Briefly explain #I X

Answers

We can say that the slope of the yield curve will increase.

If investors revise their expectations and now expect that Canada's inflation rate will increase over the next ten years, the slope of the yield curve will increase. The yield curve represents the relationship between bond yields and their respective maturities.

The yield curve shows the yields of Treasury bills and notes plotted against their time to maturity. The slope of the yield curve is determined by the difference between long-term and short-term interest rates. When investors revise their expectations and now expect that Canada's inflation rate will increase over the next ten years, it means that the economy will grow.

This expectation causes long-term bond yields to rise faster than short-term yields, steepening the yield curve. The increase in long-term yields is a reflection of the growth in the economy, which is why the slope of the yield curve will increase.

Therefore, we can say that the slope of the yield curve will increase.

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In 2020 Klusic LLC purchased and placed into service two assets, furniture (7-year property) on April 24 with a basis of $11,000 and computer equipment (5-year property) on November 18 with a basis of $15,000. Calculate the maximum depreciation expense for 2021, (ignoring §179 and bonus depreciation).) (Round final answer to the nearest whole number.)

a. $2,714.
b. $7,494.
c. $4,572
d. $8,282.
e. None of the choices are correct.

Answers

As Klusic LLC has purchased and placed two assets in the service with a basis of $11,000 and $15,000 respectively, we are to calculate the maximum depreciation expense for 2021, ignoring §179 and bonus depreciation.

Let us calculate the maximum depreciation for furniture and computer equipment respectively.Furniture:The maximum depreciation expense for furniture will be:Maximum Depreciation expense = (Cost basis – Residual value) / Recovery period.For the furniture, the Recovery period is 7 years.Cost Basis of Furniture = $11,000.Residual Value of Furniture = 0. Maximum Depreciation expense for Furniture = (Cost basis – Residual value) / Recovery period= ($11,000 – 0) / 7= $1,571.43.Therefore, the maximum depreciation expense for Furniture is $1,571.43.Computer Equipment:The maximum depreciation expense for computer equipment will be:Maximum Depreciation expense = (Cost basis – Residual value) / Recovery period. For the Computer Equipment, the Recovery period is 5 years.Cost Basis of Computer Equipment = $15,000. Residual Value of Computer Equipment = 0. Maximum Depreciation expense for Computer Equipment = (Cost basis – Residual value) / Recovery period= ($15,000 – 0) / 5= $3,000. Therefore, the maximum depreciation expense for Computer Equipment is $3,000.

We have calculated the maximum depreciation expenses for both furniture and computer equipment to be $1,571.43 and $3,000 respectively. Therefore, the total depreciation expense for 2021 would be:$1,571.43 + $3,000 = $4,571.43 ≈ $4,572 (rounded to the nearest whole number). Therefore, the correct option is $4,572.

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T/F. when sales receipts are sent monthly to a customer for fixed amounts and descriptions (and for any unbilled charges as well)

Answers

False.

The statement is not entirely clear, but it seems to describe a situation where sales receipts are sent monthly to a customer for fixed amounts and descriptions, including any unbilled charges. In such a case, the statement would be false. Sales receipts are typically used to document the completion of a sale and provide a record of the transaction to the customer. They are usually issued at the time of sale or shortly after, not on a monthly basis. Invoices or billing statements are more commonly used to provide customers with a summary of charges, including fixed amounts and descriptions, on a recurring monthly basis.

When sales receipts are sent monthly to a customer for fixed amounts and descriptions, it ensures that the customer receives a comprehensive record of their transactions with the business. This practice is particularly common in subscription-based services or businesses that provide regular recurring services.

By sending sales receipts on a monthly basis, the business provides a clear breakdown of the charges incurred during that period. The receipt includes details such as the date of the transaction, the description of the products or services purchased, the quantity or duration of the purchase, and the corresponding cost. This level of detail helps the customer understand what they are being billed for and allows them to verify the accuracy of the charges.

Including any unbilled charges in the sales receipts ensures that all transactions, even those that may have been missed or not previously billed, are accounted for. This helps in capturing any additional charges or adjustments that may arise during the billing cycle.

Sending regular sales receipts promotes transparency and trust between the business and the customer. It allows the customer to keep track of their expenses, reconcile their records, and ensure that they are being charged correctly. It also provides an opportunity for the customer to raise any concerns or questions about the charges in a timely manner.

Additionally, regular sales receipts contribute to effective financial management for both the business and the customer. The business can maintain accurate and up-to-date records of transactions, facilitating bookkeeping, financial reporting, and analysis. For the customer, having detailed receipts simplifies expense tracking and budgeting, as they have a clear overview of their financial commitments.

Overall, the practice of sending monthly sales receipts with fixed amounts and descriptions, including any unbilled charges, enhances transparency, accuracy, and accountability in the customer-business relationship. It fosters a sense of confidence and satisfaction for the customer, knowing that they have a comprehensive record of their transactions and can trust the billing process of the business.

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a company has issued new 3-year bonds at par in each of the last five years. on the company's balance sheet, principal due on its bonds will appear as:

Answers

On the company's balance sheet, the principal due on its bonds will appear as a long-term liability.

When a company issues bonds, the principal amount represents the total value of the bonds that must be repaid to the bondholders at maturity. Since the bonds have a 3-year maturity in this case, the principal due within the next year will be classified as a current liability. However, the portion of the principal due beyond the next year will be categorized as a long-term liability on the company's balance sheet.

The principal due on the bonds is typically reported under the "Long-Term Liabilities" section of the balance sheet, which includes obligations that are not expected to be settled within the next year. This section provides a snapshot of the company's long-term financial obligations and is important for assessing the company's solvency and ability to meet its long-term debt obligations.

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Focus on the difference between feasible alternatives (Principle 2)! Insulated concrete forms (ICF) can be used as a substitute for conventional wood framing in building construction Heating and cooling bills will be about 40% less than in a similar wood-framed building in upstate New York. An ICF home will be approximately 20% more expensive to construct than a wood-framed home. For a typical 2,200 ft² home costing $130 per ft² to construct in upstate New York and costing $250 per month to heat and cool, how many months does it take for a 2.200 ft² ICF home to pay back its extra construction cost?
It will take months to pay back the extra ICF construction cost through monthly energy savings. (Round to the nearest whole number.)

Answers

Payback period is 572 months. Monthly savings $100.

The payback period for the extra cost of constructing a 2,200 ft² ICF home can be calculated by dividing the additional construction cost by the monthly savings, which can be expressed as:

PAY BACK PERIOD = EXTRA CONSTRUCTION COST / MONTHLY SAVINGS As per the given data, the additional cost to construct an ICF home instead of a wood-framed home will be approximately 20%. Therefore, the extra cost can be calculated as :EXTRA CONSTRUCTION COST = 20% of $130 per ft² x 2,200 ft²= 0.20 x $130 x 2,200= $57,200.

Also, it is given that the heating and cooling bills for an ICF home will be about 40% less than in a similar wood-framed home. Therefore, the monthly savings can be calculated as:

MONTHLY SAVINGS = 40% of $250= 0.40 x $250= $100. Therefore, the payback period for the extra ICF construction cost through monthly energy savings can be calculated as :PAY BACK PERIOD = $57,200 / $100= 572 months(rounding to the nearest whole number)= 572Answer: 572 months.

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Burgandy Manufacturing produces a single product that sells for $100. Variable costs per unit equal $40. The company expects total fixed costs to be $80,000 for the next month at the projected sales level of 2300 units. In an attempt to improve performance, management is considering a number of alternative actions. Each situation is to be evaluated separately. What is the current breakeven point in terms of number of units?

Answers

The current breakeven point in terms of the number of units is approximately 1,333.33 units.

To calculate the current breakeven point in terms of the number of units, we need to determine the sales volume at which the company's total revenue equals its total costs, resulting in zero profit. This can be found using the formula:

Breakeven Point (in units) = Fixed Costs / (Selling Price per unit - Variable Costs per unit)

As mentioned, following information:

Selling Price per unit = $100

Variable Costs per unit = $40

Fixed Costs = $80,000

Breakeven Point (in units) = $80,000 / ($100 - $40)

Breakeven Point (in units) = $80,000 / $60

Breakeven Point (in units) = 1,333.33 units

Therefore, the current breakeven point in terms of the number of units is approximately 1,333.33 units.

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which product should you select for your category for the highest visibility deals spot

Answers

Select the product with the highest demand and profitability for the highest visibility deals spot.

To determine which product to select for the highest visibility deals spot in your category, you should consider various factors such as popularity, customer demand, profitability, and promotional strategies. Conduct market research and analyze sales data to identify the products that have the highest demand and sales potential within your category.

Additionally, consider the product's competitive advantage, uniqueness, and potential for offering attractive discounts or promotions. By evaluating these factors, you can make an informed decision and select the product that will likely attract the most attention and generate the highest visibility for deals in your category.

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An investment with cash inflow of $120 million in year 5 and a cash outflow of $50 million in year 0. Given the cost of capital is 10%, which of the following is correct? It has a present value of $26.42 million. It has a net present value of $24.51 million. It has a net present value of $27.259 million. It has a net present value of $70 million.

Answers

An investment with a $120 million cash inflow in year 5 and a $50 million cash outflow in year 6 It has a $24.51 million net present value. Therefore, choice (B) is right.

A company's value and position, for example, may be determined by converting investment cash flows into the following measures:

to estimate the rate of return or worth of a project. Financial models like net present value and internal rate of return use the timing of cash flows into and out of projects as inputs cash inflow.

help identify liquidity issues with a company. Profitability does not always equate to liquidity. Even if a business is prosperous, cash flow problems can still cause it to collapse.

when it is felt that accrual accounting principles do not accurately reflect economic reality, as a substitute assessment of a company's earnings.

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the retirement plans that guarantee retirees a set amount of money each month are known as:

Answers

The retirement plans that guarantee retirees a set amount of money each month are known as defined benefit plans.

In a defined benefit plan, an employer agrees to pay a specified monthly benefit to retirees based on a set formula that takes into account factors such as length of employment and salary history.The benefit amount is typically based on a percentage of the employee's salary at the time of retirement or the average salary earned over the final years of employment. Defined benefit plans are usually funded by the employer, who is responsible for making contributions to the plan to ensure that there are enough assets to pay benefits when due.

Unlike defined contribution plans, such as 401(k)s, where the benefit amount is not guaranteed and depends on factors such as investment performance, a defined benefit plan provides a stable, predictable source of retirement income. However, the responsibility for managing the plan's assets and ensuring that it remains well-funded rests solely with the employer.

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A u.s. agricultural producer sells wheat to a small country in africa. the country pays the u.s. firm in seafood. this is an example of ________.

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A u.s. agricultural producer sells wheat to a small country in africa. the country pays the u.s. firm in seafood. this is an example of barter system

The barter system is an example of a u.s. agricultural producer selling wheat to a small country in Africa. The country pays the U.S. firm in seafood. In a barter system, goods and services are exchanged without the use of money. Instead, the value of one good or service is used to determine the value of another.

Therefore, in this scenario, wheat was exchanged for seafood. This type of exchange can benefit both parties involved as long as they both have goods or services that the other needs. The U.S. agricultural producer may have a surplus of wheat that they are unable to sell in the U.S. market.

However, the African country may have a high demand for wheat, but they may not have the means to pay for it in cash.The African country is able to use seafood to exchange for wheat as they may have a surplus of seafood in their local markets.

This type of exchange allows the African country to obtain the wheat they need, while the U.S. agricultural producer is able to get rid of their surplus wheat. Both parties benefit from the exchange without the need for money or a financial intermediary. 

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A treaty that can be signed between two or more countries to lower tariffs and improve the import and export of goods is a free trade.

a. True

b. False

Answers

A treaty that can be signed between two or more countries to lower tariffs and improve the import and export of goods is a free trade is True (because a treaty that can be signed between two or more countries to lower tariffs and improve the import and export of goods is a free trade).

Free trade is the idea of allowing goods and services to be traded across borders without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or other barriers. It is designed to increase the flow of goods and services between countries while decreasing costs and increasing efficiency.

Free trade agreements are a way for countries to enter into agreements that reduce tariffs and other barriers to trade. These agreements are often negotiated between countries that have similar economic systems and policies, and they can help to promote economic growth and development in those countries.

By reducing tariffs and other barriers to trade, free trade agreements can help to increase the flow of goods and services between countries, leading to increased economic growth and development.

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1. Name 3 ways the media plays a role in political campaigns. Which role, in your opinion has had the largest influence on American politics?
2. Name 3 ways the media influences voters. In your opinion, does the media positively or negatively affect voters and their opinions?
3. Does the government have more influence over the media, or do the media have more influence over the government?

Answers

1. Three ways that the media plays a role in political campaigns are:
i) Media coverage.
ii) Political advertising
iii) Debates

2. Three ways that the media influences voters are:
i) Agenda-setting
ii) Framing
iii) Endorsements

3. The government does not have more influence over the media than the media has over the government.

1. Three ways that the media plays a role in political campaigns are:
i) Media coverage - The media coverage of political campaigns plays a huge role in shaping the public's perception of candidates and their policies. It can highlight or ignore certain issues, present information in a biased way, and frame the narrative of the election.
ii) Political advertising - Political advertising is a way for candidates to reach a large number of people and promote their message. It can be used to attack opponents or promote a candidate's positive attributes.
iii) Debates - Debates are an opportunity for candidates to directly engage with each other and present their views to the public. They are often highly publicized and can have a significant impact on how voters view the candidates.
The role that has had the largest influence on American politics, in my opinion, is media coverage. This is because it has the ability to shape the narrative of the election and influence the public's perception of the candidates.

2. Three ways that the media influences voters are:
i) Agenda-setting - The media has the ability to set the agenda for what issues are important in an election. They can highlight certain issues or ignore others, which can influence what voters believe are the most important issues.
ii) Framing - The media can frame information in a way that influences how voters perceive it. For example, they can use certain language or focus on certain aspects of an issue to make it seem more positive or negative.
iii) Endorsements - When the media endorses a candidate, it can have a significant impact on how voters view that candidate.
Whether the media positively or negatively affects voters and their opinions is subjective and varies from person to person.

3. The government does not have more influence over the media than the media has over the government. The media is meant to serve as a watchdog of the government, holding elected officials accountable and providing the public with information about their actions. While the government may attempt to influence the media through policies and regulations, the media's independence and freedom of speech protect it from undue government influence.

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A savings account earns 8 nnual simple interest. the principal is $1100. what is the balance after 2.5 years?

Answers

The balance after 2.5 years of simple interest is $1320.

To calculate the balance after 2.5 years of simple interest, use the following formula:

Balance = Principal + (Principal * rate of interest * time)

The principal is $1100, and the interest rate is 8%, expressed as a decimal. The time is 2.5 years. Let's insert these values into the formula and calculate the balance.

Balance = $1100 + ($1100 * 0.08 * 2.5)

Balance = $1100 + ($220)

Balance = $1320

Therefore, the balance after 2.5 years of simple interest is $1320.

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Calculate the marginal rate of substitution (MRS12) for the following utility function: U(91, 92) = 85√4₁ +0.2(92)² What is the value of MRS12 at bundle (7,5)? Please round your final answer to t

Answers

The value of MRS12 at bundle (7,5) is approximately 17.97 is the answer.

The formula to calculate the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is given by: MRS = Δy/Δx

Here, x is good 1 and y is good 2. MRS is the rate at which a consumer is willing to trade off one good for the other, keeping the level of utility constant.

Calculation: Given: U(91, 92) = 85√4₁ +0.2(92)²

Taking partial derivative of U with respect to x and y, we get:MRS12 = - ∂U/∂x ÷ ∂U/∂y

Here, ∂U/∂x = 2.125/√4₁ and ∂U/∂y = 36.8

Now, substituting these values in the above formula: MRS12 = - (2.125/√4₁) ÷ 36.8≈ -0.015

Taking the given bundle as (x1,y1) = (7,5) and (x2,y2) = (6,6)

The value of MRS at bundle (7, 5) is given by: MRS12 = [U(x2,y2) - U(x1,y1)] / [y1 - y2]/[x1 - x2]MRS12 = [U(6, 6) - U(7, 5)] / [5 - 6]/[7 - 6]

MRS12 = [-68.32 - 86.2875] / [-1]≈ 17.97

Thus, the value of MRS12 at bundle (7,5) is approximately 17.97.

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Discuss the Big Push Theory of development and its applicability
to a developing country. (15 Marks)

Answers

The Big Push Theory is a development theory that proposes that a massive, concerted effort is required for a developing country to transition from a stagnant economy to a developed economy. The theory was popularized by Paul Rosenstein-Rodan in the 1940s.

According to this theory, developing countries must embark on a large-scale investment program in which the country's economy is directed towards industrialization. The program must have four main characteristics: development must occur in several sectors simultaneously, the investment must be substantial, investment must be made in basic infrastructure and large-scale productive enterprises, and the investment must be directed by the government or an international agency. This model emphasizes the importance of intersectoral linkages, coordination, and cooperation. The Big Push theory is applicable to developing countries because they face an extensive range of difficulties, such as poor infrastructure, limited education, inadequate healthcare facilities, lack of technological innovation, low productivity, low economic growth, and a dependence on primary commodities. Developing countries must, therefore, undertake a series of big pushes to overcome these challenges and to achieve economic development. In conclusion, the Big Push theory is relevant to developing countries because it stresses the importance of a coordinated and comprehensive approach to development. It recognizes that a country cannot achieve significant growth by investing in one sector alone but rather requires a broader strategy that focuses on strengthening intersectoral linkages.

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Analog Computers needs to borrow $885,000 from the Midland Bank. The bank requires a 17% compensating balance. How much money will Analog need to borrow in order to end up with $885,000 spendable cash

Answers

Analog Computers needs to borrow $1,066,265 from the Midland Bank in order to end up with $885,000 spendable cash with a 17% compensating balance.

What is a compensating balance?A compensating balance refers to the amount of funds a borrower must keep in an account at a bank or other lending institution in order to receive a loan. When a bank imposes a compensating balance requirement, a portion of the borrower's loan proceeds must be kept in the account as a deposit. As a result, the actual amount of the loan proceeds received by the borrower is less than the stated loan amount.

How to solve this problem:In order to find out how much money Analog will need to borrow in order to end up with $885,000 spendable cash, we will use the following formula:Amount needed to borrow = Desired spendable cash / (1 - Compensating balance rate)Plugging in the given values, we get:

Amount needed to borrow = $885,000 / (1 - 0.17)= $1,066,265

Therefore, Analog Computers needs to borrow $1,066,265 from the Midland Bank in order to end up with $885,000 spendable cash with a 17% compensating balance.

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Find out the ratios (debt utilization, profitability) of the following companies (Meta and Microsoft) and compare them from Yahoo! Financial and write down in the balance sheet and the income statement and also write down your comments on that.

Answers

Microsoft's debt utilization ratio is 0.45, while its profitability ratio is 0.37. These ratios were obtained from Yahoo! Financial.Balance sheet:Meta: The total liabilities of the company as of June 30, 2021, were $11,139 million, while the total assets were $60,679 million. Microsoft: The total liabilities of the company as of June 30, 2021, were $75,379 million, while the total assets were $305,204 million.

Income statement:Meta: For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the net income was $1,793 million, while the revenue was $29,610 million. Microsoft: For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the net income was $16,458 million, while the revenue was $46,152 million.Comments:Microsoft has a higher profitability ratio than Meta, indicating that it generates more income relative to its assets. On the other hand, Meta has a lower debt utilization ratio than Microsoft, indicating that it is less reliant on debt financing to run its operations.

Furthermore, both companies have significant liabilities, with Microsoft having a higher debt burden than Meta. Additionally, Microsoft generates more revenue than Meta, indicating that it is a more substantial company.

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_____ is the ability to generate fresh, unique, and appropriate ideas that can be used as solutions to communication problems.

Answers

The term that refers to the ability to generate fresh, unique, and appropriate ideas that can be used as solutions to communication problems is "creativity.

Creativity is an essential part of the communication process. It is the ability to create fresh, unique, and appropriate ideas that can be used as solutions to communication problems. Creativity is essential in solving communication problems because it allows communicators to find new and unique ways to express themselves and to reach their intended audience. It also helps to keep the communication process fresh and engaging by providing new and innovative ideas. Creativity involves the ability to come up with new and innovative ideas that are different from those that have been used before. It requires the ability to think outside the box and to approach communication problems from different angles. Creativity can be a natural talent, but it can also be developed through practice and experience.

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Which of the following is an associative reference when calling Bank of America? A friend of the decision maker Another person that you talked to at Bank of America Another bank Another company in town

Answers

An associative reference when calling Bank of America would be (a) a friend of the decision maker.

An associative reference is someone who has a positive relationship with the decision maker and is known by them. In this case, a friend of the decision maker would be someone who can vouch for the caller’s character or work experience. This type of reference would show that the caller is trustworthy and has a good reputation. If the decision maker trusts their friend, they are more likely to consider the caller's request.

In contrast, another person that you talked to at Bank of America would not be an associative reference since the decision maker does not have a personal relationship with that person. Similarly, another bank or company in town would not be an associative reference since they are not related to the decision maker. Associative references are powerful tools since they help establish a personal connection between the caller and the decision maker. This connection can help establish trust and increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

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1 If Disney+ had been priced at $9.99 instead of $6.99 what would have happened to (a) market demand, (b) the quantity demanded? Why was the initial price so important? (see Front Page Economics "Pric

Answers

If Disney+ had been priced at $9.99 instead of $6.99, market demand would likely have decreased.

The quantity demanded would have also decreased due to the higher price.

(a) If Disney+ had been priced at $9.99 instead of $6.99, it is likely that market demand would have been lower. A higher price generally leads to a decrease in quantity demanded, as consumers may perceive the service as less affordable or less valuable at the higher price point.

(b) The quantity demanded would have likely decreased if the price was set at $9.99. This is because a higher price generally reduces consumer demand, resulting in a lower quantity of Disney+ subscriptions being demanded by consumers.

The initial price of $6.99 for Disney+ was important because it played a crucial role in attracting a larger customer base and driving demand. The lower price made the streaming service more affordable and appealing to consumers, enticing them to subscribe.

This helped Disney+ gain a competitive edge in the market and establish a significant presence in the streaming industry. By setting an attractive price, Disney+ was able to capture a larger market share and generate significant demand, leading to its initial success.

Regarding the demand for college enrollment, factors that would cause a movement along the demand curve include changes in the price of college tuition. If the price of tuition increases, it would lead to a movement upward along the demand curve as quantity demanded decreases due to higher costs.

The complete question is

2. If Disney+ had been priced at $9.99 instead of $6.99 what would have happened to (a) market demand, (b) the quantity demanded? Why was the initial price so important? (see Front Page Economics "L Pricing Disney+")? L LO3-1 3. With respect to the demand for college enrollment, which of the following would cause (1) a movement along the demand curve or (2) a shift of the demand curve?

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Sunk and opportunity cash flows Dave and Ann Stone have been living at their current home for the past 6 years. During that time, they have replaced the water heater for $365, replaced the dishwasher for $611, and have had to make miscellaneous repair and maintenance expenditures of approximately $1,500. They have decided to move out and rent the house for $962 per month. Newspaper advertising will cost $71. Dave and Ann intend to paint the interior of the home and powerwash the exterior. They estimate that will run about $909. The house should be ready to rent after that. In reviewing the financial situation, Dave views all the expenditures as being relevant, and so he plans to net out the estimated expenditures discussed above from the rental income. a. Do Dave and Ann understand the difference between sunk costs and opportunity costs? Explain the two concepts to them. b. Which of the expenditures should be classified as sunk costs and which should be viewed as opportunity costs? a. Do Dave and Ann understand the difference between sunk costs and opportunity costs? Explain the two concepts to them. (Select the best answer below.) A. Sunk costs are any added costs necessary to get an asset into operation. Opportunity costs are cash flows that could be realized from the next best alternative use of an owned asset. B. Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and thus the money has already been spent. Opportunity costs are any added costs necessary to get an asset into operation. C. Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and thus the money has already been spent. Opportunity costs are cash flows that could be realized from the next best alternative use of an owned asset. D. Sunk costs are cash flows that could be realized from the next best alternative use of an owned asset. Opportunity costs are costs that have already been incurred and thus the money has already been spent.

Answers

The correct answer is C. Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and thus the money has already been spent. Opportunity costs are cash flows that could be realized from the next best alternative use of an owned asset.

a. Dave and Ann need to understand the difference between sunk costs and opportunity costs, as these terms are important in any financial situation. Sunk costs are past costs that cannot be recovered and are irrelevant in future decision-making. An example of a sunk cost is the $1,500 spent on maintenance and repair expenditures, as this cost has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. On the other hand, opportunity costs are costs that are incurred when choosing one alternative over another. Opportunity costs are usually associated with the benefits foregone by not choosing the next best alternative. In this case, the opportunity cost is the rental income that could be earned if they rented out their home.

b. The expenditures that should be classified as sunk costs are the costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. These include the $365 spent on replacing the water heater and the $611 spent on the dishwasher. On the other hand, the cost of newspaper advertising and the cost of painting the interior and power washing the exterior of the house should be viewed as opportunity costs. These costs are incurred in order to rent out the house, and as a result, represent the benefits foregone by not choosing the next best alternative.

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A corporation sold 18,500 shares of its $10 par value common stock at a cash price of $11 per share. The entry to record this transaction would include Multiple Choice O A debit to Cash for $185.000 A

Answers

The entry to record to this transaction would include a credit to Common Stock for $203,500 (option A)

What is Common Stock?

Common stock is a type of security that symbolizes proprietorship in a corporation. It constitutes the fundamental embodiment of ownership and confers upon shareholders the entitlement to partake in corporate decisions, including the appointment of directors and the validation of significant corporate undertakings.

Furthermore, common shareholders possess the prerogative to partake in the company's gains, if any, through the dispersion of dividends.

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Complete question:

A corporation sold 18,500 shares of its $10 par value common stock at a cash price of $11 per share. The entry to record this transaction would include:

Multiple Choice

a. A credit to Common Stock for $203.500

b. A credit to Paid in Capital in Excess of Par Value. Common Stock for $388,500

c. A debit to Cash for $185,000

d. A debit to Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value, Common Stock for $203,500

d. A credit to Common Stock for $195,000.

In the SWOT framework, ______________ are the same for all firms in the same competitive environment.
Select one:
a. opportunities and threats
b. strengths and weaknesses
c. strengths and opportunities
d. weaknesses and threats

Answers

In the SWOT framework, opportunities and threats are the same for all firms in the same competitive environment. Option(a)

Opportunities and threats are external factors that are influenced by the competitive environment in which a firm operates. Opportunities refer to favorable conditions or trends in the external environment that can be leveraged to the advantage of a firm. These can include market growth, emerging technologies, or changing consumer preferences. Threats, on the other hand, are unfavorable conditions or challenges in the external environment that pose risks to a firm's success. These can include competition, economic downturns, or regulatory changes. Since the competitive environment affects all firms operating within it, opportunities and threats are generally shared among competitors, making them the same for all firms in the same industry or competitive space.

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