Neurons carry messages from the brain via the spinal cord. The neurons that carry these messages to the muscles are called motor neurons. Each motor neuron ending sits very close to a muscle fibre. Where they sit together is called a neuromuscular junction.
All of the body's muscles and the nerves that supply them are part of the neuromuscular system. The brain and muscles must communicate with each other for the body to move. By sending signals from the brain to various bodily organs, the nervous system establishes the connection between ideas and deeds. The neuromuscular system, which is made up of nerves and muscles, controls how the body moves and other processes like breathing.
Neurons are the cells found in nerves. Neurons in the spinal cord transmit information from the brain. Motor neurons are the neurons that transmit these signals to the muscles.
A muscle fiber is located extremely close to each motor neuron terminal. A neuromuscular junction is the location of their intersection. A substance is released by the motor neurons and is then taken up by the muscle fiber. By instructing the muscle fiber to contract, this causes the muscles to contract.
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Saliva, produced by glands in the mouth, plays an important role in the digestion of food. Saliva contains a chemical, called amylase, that breaks down starch in the food we eat. A scientist conducts an experiment to investigate at which temperatures amylase works the best. He hypothesizes that the reaction will occur fastest if the amylase reaction is conducted near the normal human body temperature of 37ºC (degrees Celsius). In order to test his hypothesis, the scientist measures the reaction rate, which is how fast the amylase breaks down the starch at six different temperatures. The reaction rate is rated on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 meaning no reaction and 10 meaning the fastest reaction. The results are recorded in the data table.
AMYLASE REACTION RATE BY TEMPERATURE
Temperature (ºC)
Reaction Rate
0
2
20 4
40 10
60 8
80 2
100 0
Based on the data, should the scientist accept or reject his hypothesis?
A He should reject the hypothesis because amylase reacts at all temperatures.
B He should accept the hypothesis because amylase reacts only at body temperature.
C He should reject the hypothesis because amylase reacts faster above body temperature.
D He should accept the hypothesis because amylase reacts fastest near normal human body temperature and slower above and below normal human body temperature.
Based on the data, he should accept the hypothesis because amylase reacts fastest near normal human body temperature and slower above and below normal human body temperature.
The correct option is C.
What is the rate of a reaction?The rate of a reaction is the rate at which reactant molecules are used up or the rate at which products are formed.
In the body, the molecules that speed up the rate of the reaction occurring in the body are called enzymes.
Enzymes are mostly proteins and thus, are easily denatured by heat.
Enzymes function best at temperatures close to the body temperature of 37ºC (degrees Celsius).
An example of an enzyme is amylase found in saliva.
Amylase is responsible for the digestion of starchy foods.
Based on the results of the experiment conducted by the scientist, it can be concluded that his hypothesis is correct.
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What is found in viruses but not cells?
There are no cells in viruses. The genetic material they possess is shielded by a protein sheath (either DNA or RNA).
What is contained within every virus?Nucleic acid (the genome) and protein are the two primary components of infectious viral particles. All viruses that have an envelope also have lipid in the envelope and carbohydrates in their glycoprotein peplomers (as well as that in the nucleic acid).
Instead of a cell wall, what do viruses possess?In virology, viruses choose a protective protein coat over the cell walls that certain living things have in place of the nucleic acid. This kind of covering is known as a capsid.
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What is the main conflict in Of Mice and Men?
The main conflict in Of Mice and Men is the struggle between the powerful and the powerless.
What do you mean by Conflict?
Conflict is a disagreement or opposition between two or more people, ideas, or interests. It can take the form of physical or emotional battles, legal disputes, or even ideological clashes. Conflict can arise in many different contexts, including within families, workplaces, classrooms, and between countries.
The main characters, George and Lennie, are powerless, and the rest of the characters in the novel are more powerful, either physically or economically. This power imbalance creates a struggle between George and Lennie and their oppressors, making it difficult for them to achieve their dream of owning a farm.
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10)Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE? A)It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. B)The complete Kreb's cycle is utilized. C)It involves the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid or ethanoi. D)It requires cytochromes.
11)A strictly fermentative bacterium produces ATP A)by glycolysis only. B)by aerobic respiration only. C)by fermentation or aerobic respiration. D)only in the absence of oxygen. E)only in the presence of oxygen.
12)Which compound(s) is/are the 12 reduced form(s) in the reaction shown in the figure at left? Alisocitric acid and a- ketoglutaric acid B)a-ketoglutaric acid and NAD C)NAD D)NADH E)NADH and isocitric acid с B A 0 10 5 Time (hr)
13)The figure at left hows a typical 13 bacterial growth curve with the y-axis indicating the log of the number of bacteria and the x-axis indicating time in culture. In the figure, which section shows a growth phase where the number of cells dying equals the number of cells uiviuin5.
14)Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: 0 2. +0, +2H + H20, +0,? A)catalase B)oxidase C)peroxidase D)superoxide dismutase 14
15)A culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms grow and a yellow halo surrounds Staphylococcus aureus colonies is called a(n) A)selective medium. B)differential medium. C)enrichment medium. D)selective and differential medium. E)differential and enrichment medium. 15
16)Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions? A)dry heat B)autoclave C)membrane filtration D)pasteurization E)freezing 16
17)Which of the following would be best used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper? A)Autoclave a B)Gamma radiation C) Quats D)Freezing E)Ultraviolet radiation 17 Disinfectant Zone of inhibition (mm) A 10 B 2.5 C 0 D 5
Anaerobic respiration implies the oxidation of the an organic final acceptor, which is untrue.
The right answer to the question about anaerobic respiration is that food is broken down to produce energy when there is no oxygen present. During this procedure, glucose is only partially oxidized. Simple aerobic respiration involves the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide. Anaerobic respiration implies the oxidation of the an organic final acceptor, which is untrue. Oxygen deprivation causes anaerobic respiration to occur. When there isn't enough oxygen available, it is utilized. Oxygen deprivation causes anaerobic respiration to occur. When there isn't enough oxygen available, it is utilized. Some species may not always have access to enough oxygen to allow for respiration, yet they still require energy to exist.
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What are the disorder caused by mutation?
The disorders caused by mutations are called genetic disorders.
What are genetic mutations?Genetic mutations are alterations in the genetic material of an organism due to changes in the linear order of nucleotide bases in the genome that form the genetic material of the cells of such organism.
Moreover, genetic mutations cause genetic disorders that are inherited through the germinal line when these mutations are able to pass from parents to offspring, in a process that involves the transference of genetic material from the egg cell or the sperm cell to the first somatic cell which is called the zygote.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that genetic mutations are able to cause genetic disorders that are alterations in the genetic material passed from parents to offspring through the germinal line, i.e. by the egg cell or the spermatic gametic cells
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Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.
A) receptor
B) first-order
C) second-order
D) third-order
E) fourth-order
Answer:
The thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are second-order neurons.
Explanation:
thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are second-order neurons, as they relay sensory information received from first-order neurons to the primary sensory cortex.
Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are second-order neurons.
What are thalamic neurons?These neurons generate a high-frequency action potential that burst a low threshold which is also known as the T-type threshold. This threshold is calcium related. Thalamic are located in dendrites and soma. The neurons become activated.
Thalamus is located in the center of the brain. It is paired with the diencephalon's gray matter. The thalamus is located above the mesencephalon also known as the midbrain. The nerve fibers present in the section are connected with fibers of the cerebral cortex in all directions. Interthalamic adhesion connects the thalamus.
Therefore, the thalamus relays both the mortar and sensory signals.
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How do coral reefs benefit the environment in terms of biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth across all ecological roles. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that have an increased number of species and high numbers of individual organisms in those species. Examples of biodiversity hot spots are tropical rainforests and coral reefs.
Coral reefs have high levels of biodiversity because of their huge microhabitats, high levels of nutrients, and high levels of sunlight and warm temperatures. Coral reefs are home to many microhabitats. These are small habitats within an ecosystem that help unique niches for organisms to evolve. They are also located in warm, shallow waters rich in nutrients. The high level of sunlight in these areas promotes plant and algae growth which can provide a strong base for the ecosystem.
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What is the main event of meiosis?
In meiosis, the chromosome or chromosomes duplicate (during interphase) and homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material (chromosomal crossover) during the first division, also known as meiosis I.
What is the primary stage of mitosis?A crucial step in mitosis is the condensing of interphase chromatin to create the compact chromosomes of mitotic cells. This step is essential for the chromosomes to proceed down the mitotic spindle without breaking or becoming entangled with one another.
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?Therefore, the goal of meiosis is to create gametes, or sperm and eggs, with half the genetic makeup of the parent cells.
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Please help I will give brainliest
The DNA compliment of the above-mentioned strand is ATA-ATC-TAA-TGA (option C).
What is DNA replication?DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
DNA replication is a very important process that must occur prior to cell division because it ensures that each daughter cell receives the correct amount of genetic material.
The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule with the aid of an enzyme called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together (A with T, C with G).
The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.
Since Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C), this means that if a DNA strand of TAT-TAG-ATT-ACA undergoes replication, the complimentary DNA strand will be as follows: ATA-ATC-TAA-TGA.
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Do viruses have cell membrane?
No, the virus do not have the cell membrane as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
What are the evidences of occurrence of viruses?The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.
Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
Therefore,No, the virus do not have the cell membrane as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
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Which of the following is NOT classified as an amino acid-derivative hormone?
a. eicosanoids
b. melatonin
c. thyroxine
d. epinephrine
Eicosanoids are NOT classified as an amino acid-derivative hormone.
Eicosanoids are oxidized derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with 20 carbons that are produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. The most common substrate for eicosanoid synthesis is arachidonic acid (ARA).
Eicosanoids are signaling molecules produced by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids with around 20 carbon units in length, similar to arachidonic acid.
Eicosanoids, which are produced from 20 carbon PUFAs, are important mediators and regulators of inflammation. As a result, eicosanoids serve as a bridge between PUFAs and inflammatory processes. When PUFAs are released from the phospholipid membrane by various phospholipases, eicosanoids are formed.
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Is atherosclerosis the same as a stroke?
Extreme ischemic stroke is caused by atherosclerosis, also known as arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when fat and cholesterol build up in the arteries and blood vessels, narrowing the arteries.
Stroke is also called cerebrovascular accident. Atherothrombotic stroke is the most common. It occurs when blood clots form in atherosclerotic plaques in the blood vessels of the brain, blocking blood flow to that part of the brain.
Plaque conformation can be divided into three main stages: 1) fatty streak, which represents induction, 2) plaque progression, which represents adaptation, and 3) plaque collapse, which represents clinical complications of atherosclerosis.
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15. in dogs, black (b) is dominant to chestnut (b), and solid color (s) is dominant to spotted (s). what are the genotypes of the parents that would produce a cross with 3/8 black solid, 3/8 black spotted, 1/8 chestnut solid, and 1/8 chestnut spotted puppies?
BbSs and Bbss are the genotypes of the parents that would produce a cross with 3/8 black solid, 3/8 black spotted, 1/8 chestnut solid, and 1/8 chestnut spotted puppies.
What do you mean by genotypes?The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location.
A genotype is a scoring of the type of variant present at a given location (i.e., a locus) in the genome. It can be represented by symbols. For example, BB, Bb, bb could be used to represent a given variant in a gene.
The different types of genotypes are- homozygous recessive (pp), homozygous dominant (PP), and heterozygous (Pp). The homozygous dominant and the heterozygous genotypes show the same phenotypes.
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What two processes are involved in sexual reproduction but not asexual reproduction?
In sexual life cycles, meiosis and fertilization alternate. Meiosis generates genetically distinct reproductive cells known as gametes, which have half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis and fertilization alternate during the sexual life cycle. Meiosis is the process by which a diploid cell produces haploid cells, while fertilization is the process by which two haploid cells (gametes) combine to form a diploid zygote.
There are two types of reproduction: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. An creature that reproduces sexually integrates the genetic information from both parents and is genetically distinct.
Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent replicates itself to produce genetically identical kids.
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How do you predict protein structure?
Both the use of structural templates derived from enzyme active areas and a global comparison of protein structures to uncover homology can be utilized to infer function from structure.
Why is it so difficult to anticipate protein structure?
Because some mutations can make this prediction robust while others require fine-tuning, it is challenging to predict protein shape given an amino acid sequence.
What are the three methods of analysis used to determine protein content?
The methods most frequently employed to estimate the amount of protein in food are the Dumas method, direct measurement methods utilizing UV spectroscopy, and measurement of refractive index.
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What characteristics do viruses not have?
Viruses don't have any of the characteristics that make up living entities, including an energy metabolism, growth, the production of waste products, and the ability to respond to stimuli.
What five features of viruses are not living?They are not cells, do not contain cellular organelles or cytoplasm, and do not have their own metabolism; as a result, they must replicate utilizing the metabolic machinery of the host cell. Animals, plants, and even other microbes are susceptible to virus infection.
Why do viruses not exhibit traits?Why do viruses not exhibit any traits before entering the human body? A protein coat surrounds the nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) of viruses, which are non-cellular creatures.
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Which correctly identifies how natural selection causes a change in species over time?
a. People choose mating pairs based on desirable characteristics.
b. If an anatomical feature is not used for several generations, offspring will cease to inherit that trait.
c. The environment favors those individuals with the best phenotypes for survival.
d. There is a trend towards homozygous dominant genotypes becoming the most common in the population.
c. The environment favors those individuals with the best phenotypes for survival. correctly identifies how natural selection causes a change in species over time.
Organisms that are able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment thanks to heritable (genetically determined) phenotypes typically produce more offspring than their competitors. Heritable phenotypes that aid in reproduction and survival will become increasingly common in the population if this pattern persists over time.
The population will not only change its genetic makeup and inheritable characteristics, but it will also change in a way that makes it better fit its environment.
The theory of natural selection is the name given to this.
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a fruit flys head-to-tail axis is established by __________.
The axis that joins the fruit fly's head and tail is known as the head-to-tail axis. The DNA has established this axis.
Nucleic acids, such as DNA, are double-stranded molecules. These double-stranded molecules serve as the basis for a DNA molecule. Each fruit fly cell's DNA carries all of the information necessary to properly build the fruit fly's body. The proteins that make up the cells that make up the fly's body are encoded by this particular DNA. A result of this connection is that the fruit fly's head and tail are joined.
Motor neuron disease, a sickness that affects the neurons that govern movement, is one of the many disorders that can result from defects in motor neurons. Spinal muscular atrophy and ALS, widely known as Lou Gehrig's disease, are two examples of motor neuron illness (SMA).
The nematode worm has a considerably more intricate body design than humans do, and it all begins with a single fate that directs the worm's growth.
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Based on Figure 1, what percent of the time required to complete a full cycle do the cells typically spend in interphase?
answer choices
5
35
50
95
95% of the time required to complete a full cycle, the cells typically spend in interphase.
A cell's growth and division are governed by a series of events known as the cell cycle. The majority of a cell's time is spent in interphase, where it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and gets ready for cell division. After that, the cell enters mitosis, completes its division, and leaves interphase. Interphase (G1, S, and G2) precedes the mitotic phase (M, mitosis, and cytokinesis) in the cell cycle.
Total time of the cell cycle = M + G1 + S + G2
= 1 + 9 + 7 + 3
= 20 hours
As is well known, DNA synthesis and cell growth take place during the interphase.
Therefore, Interphase time = = G1 + S + G2
= 9 + 7 + 3
= 19
So, the percentage time spent in Interphase = 19/20 × 100
= 95%
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(complete question)
Based on Figure 1, what percent of the time required to complete a full cycle do the cells typically spend in interphase?
answer choices
5
35
50
95
What hurts more tattoo or piercing?
Tattoos typically hurt more than piercings, Because the needles used for tattoos are larger and penetrate the skin further than those used for piercings
Because the needles used for tattoos are larger and penetrate the skin further than those used for piercings, tattoos typically cause more pain than piercings. However, there are no hard and fast rules about how much pain you'll feel from a tattoo or piercing because everyone experiences pain differently.
The location of your tattoo or piercing, your individual pain tolerance, the size and complexity of the tattoo or piercing design, and whether you are getting a tattoo or piercing for the first time or have had one in the past all play a role in how much pain you experience from them.
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how would the membrane composition of a native grass found in very warm soil around hot springs compare with that of native grass found in cooler soil? explain
The grass in the warm soil has more saturated fatty acid in its plasma membrane, whereas the grass in the native relatively cool region has more unsaturated fatty acid.
Because fatty acids remain fluid at lower temperatures, grasses living in cooler regions are predicted to contain more unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes. Hot-weather grasses are anticipated to have more saturated fatty acids, which allows the fatty acids to "stack" closer together, making the plasma membranes less fluid and thus assisting them to remain untouched at elevated temperature.
During cold acclimation, membrane lipids have become more unsaturated, and a reverse reaction transpired during warm acclimation. Membrane lipids, on the other hand, had shown no warm acclimation, which could be attributed to the moderate change in temperature.
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Correctly identify the parts of an animal cell. Nuclear envelope Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Nuclear envelope Microtubules Nucleolus Plasma membrane Centrioles Plasma membrane Ribosomes Nucleolus VY = Intermediate filaments Ribosomes Rough ER Lysosome Microtubules Smooth ER Nucleus Actin fiaments Mitochondrion im Peroxisome Intermediate filaments Centroles Cytoplasm Peroxisome Lysosome Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus Actinfilaments Dacat Zoom
The correct parts of an animal cell are as follows nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, vacuoles, centrioles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments), mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and apparatus Golgi.
Animal cells are cells with a complex nucleus with a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes. Animal cells belong to the eukaryotic cell type.
Animal cells have three main parts: the plasma membrane, the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The plasma membrane is the outermost part of the cell, while the cytoplasm is the liquid inside the cell. The nucleus in animal cells is covered by a nuclear envelope and within it is the nucleolus. The nucleolus functions for protein synthesis.
Some of the organelles in animal cells, namely vacuoles, are liquid bounded by a membrane in the form of inward folds. Centrioles are collections of microtubules that act as poles of cell division. Ribosomes in animal cells function for the process of protein synthesis. The cytoskeleton is a cell framework consisting of microtubules, acttin filaments, and intermediate filaments. Mitochondria are the cell's energy-producing organelles with a two-layer, indented inner membrane and a broad, smooth membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is a hollow tube. There are two types of animal cells, namely rough ER and smooth ER. Rough ER is covered by ribbosomes, while smooth ER is not attached to ribosomes.
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What is meaning of the word resiliency in this context save the coral reefs?
Answer: an ability to recover from or adjust easily to adversity or change
Explanation:meaning of the word resiliency in this context save the coral reefs is an ability to recover from or adjust easily to adversity or change
What are the positive impacts of genetically modified foods on society and the environment?
The positive impacts of genetically modified foods on society and the environment:
GMO crops have been engineered to grow more efficiently, which means farmers can produce the very same quantity of food using less land, fewer water, and very few pesticide residues than conventional crops.Certain GMO crops have been engineered to contain more nutrients, such as minerals and vitamins.Despite the fact that most notable organisations and research indicate that GMO foods are both safe as well as sustainable, some people believe they may harm your environment and health.Genetically modified (GM) crops can aid in the reduction of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. GM yield gains, in addition to potentially lowering production emissions, also mitigate land-use change and associated emissions. GMOs have assisted farmers in reducing their environmental impact by allowing them to use fewer inputs and shift to reduced tillage. These practises have resulted in less tractor time, less fuel used, and fewer emissions.
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What is cardiovascular fitness and give 3 examples?
Activities like walking, jogging, running are promotes cardiovascular fitness. Sports such as soccer, basketball, squash and tennis may also improve your cardiovascular fitness.
What is cardiovascular fitness?
A lot can be learned about your health and the likelihood of certain health outcomes from your cardiorespiratory fitness, or CRF. Simply put, CRF measures how effectively your body transfers oxygen to your muscles and organs during prolonged exercise.
According to the given question:
You can exercise without becoming overly exhausted because your heart, lungs, and blood vessels are in good shape. Walking, jogging, biking, dancing, running, and riding a bike are all examples of exercises. Swimming over long distances is a great way to work your heart.
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What is the most important thing we can do to help save coral reefs?
The most crucial action we can take to help save coral reefs is -
Recycling and safe trash disposal are important because marine debris can affect coral reefs. Recycle your waste wherever you are, especially plastic, and don't forget the three R's (reduce, reuse, and recycle). To prevent trash from being blown or washed into streams and oceans, properly dispose of rubbish in bins.
Never leave cigarette butts in the sand or leave any litter behind on beaches. By helping to pick up trash in your town, you can help keep your rivers and streams clean. Consult the neighborhood. Recycling is the best way to protect coral reefs.
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predict the most likely effect of the pigeons cleaning their feathers on the phenotypes of the lice after four years.
The study of genes is called genetics.
Natural selection is the process that affects the variation in the phenotypes.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is referred to as the selection of the fittest in all environmental conditions. The process is known as evolution. When any natural calamities occur or there is a change in the environmental condition, the organism which survives the conditions is known as the natural selection.
The naturally selected organism-adapted traits further cause changes in the genes over a period of time. The process of natural selection brings divergent evolution over time. Darwin's finches are the best examples to understand natural selection.
Therefore, factors affecting natural selection are time, variation, inheritance, and selection.
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this muscular injury may vary in severity from localized cellular injury to complete rupture of the muscle belly/tendon.
Your anwser is Strain
Do snails reproduce quickly?
Because they may reproduce without a partner, snails do grow in number quickly. Snails only fertilize their own eggs.
How many times do snails mate?Snails have a monthly reproductive rate of up to once when the right circumstances are present (warm temperature, high humidity). Garden snails can lay an average of 86 eggs every reproductive cycle, and because they typically have five reproductive cycles year, this equates to 430 eggs per snail per year.
Due to an availability of food, snail populations are on the rise. Sometimes they consume the same foods that your fish do. Because snails multiply more quickly when fish are overfed, there is a type of cascading effect once this process starts.
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What Colour represents protection?
Answer:
The colot that represents protection is black
Explanation:
Black is the color of protection, banishing, grounding, and safety.