Answer: Nitrogen-fixing
Explanation: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (shown here in a soybean root) are able to convert nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use
Can humans turn into fossils why or why not?
Answer:
Certain types of animals are more likely to end up as fossils. ... On the other hand, it turns out humans are actually fairly well-suited to becoming fossils. “Mammals have a very good record, because teeth make fantastic fossils,” says Norell. “They're incredibly hard, incredibly resilient.
Explanation:
Answer:
well probably we humans are almost, practically fit for fossils so we have a chance to turn into a fossil
Explanation:
What causes the change from day to night and vice versa?
A. The orbit of the sun around Earth.
B. The moon's rotation around Earth
C. The rotation of Earth on its axis.
D. The orbit of Earth around the sun
Answer:
c? if u stand infront a light and spin, the opposite side to the light would be dark?
alpha-defensins and reactive oxygen species (ros) are examples of anti-microbial molecules produced by professional phagocytes, which can function by breaking down and killing phagocytosed pathogens. True or false
True. Alpha-defensins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are examples of anti-microbial molecules produced by professional phagocytes, which can function by breaking down and killing phagocytosed pathogens
Alpha-defensins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are indeed examples of antimicrobial molecules produced by professional phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages. These molecules play a crucial role in the immune response against invading pathogens.
Alpha-defensins are small peptides that possess antimicrobial properties. They can directly kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell membranes, leading to their lysis or death. These defensins are produced by various immune cells, including neutrophils, and contribute to the elimination of pathogens during phagocytosis.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid, are generated by phagocytes during the process of phagocytosis. ROS are highly reactive molecules that can damage microbial components, such as proteins and DNA, leading to the killing or inactivation of phagocytosed pathogens.
Therefore, both alpha-defensins and reactive oxygen species are antimicrobial molecules produced by professional phagocytes that function by breaking down and killing phagocytosed pathogens.
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bynummeeks24
10/08/2020
BiologyHigh School
answered
Which of the following best describes how a channel protein moves materials across the membrane? A)They provide a carrier for specific molecules to bind to and cross the membrane via endocytosis. B)They provide a passage for specific molecules to cross the membrane via passive transport. C) They provide a tunnel for solutes to cross the membrane via active transport. D) They provide energy needed for solutes to cross the membrane via facilitated diffusion.
The correct option that best describes how a channel protein moves materials across the membrane is B) They provide a passage for specific molecules to cross the membrane via passive transport.
Channel proteins are integral membrane proteins that form channels or pores in the cell membrane. These channels allow the passive transport of specific molecules or ions across the membrane down their concentration gradient. This process is called facilitated diffusion, where the molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for energy input. The channel proteins provide a selective passage for these molecules, enabling their movement across the membrane.
Therefore, the correct answer is B) They provide a passage for specific molecules to cross the membrane via passive transport.
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How might change in one population affect other populations?
The Earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis. Because of this, in which direction does the Moon appear to move across the sky?
A. from north to south
B. from south to north
C. from west to east
D. from east to west
Answer:
East To West
Explanation:
state two factors on which the gravitational force between two objects depends.
Answer:
Gravitational Force depends on two factors:
1. Product of mass of two object
2. Square of distance between their centers
Mathematically,
F = G *(m1* m2)/d²
Explnation:
Classify each of the bones in the chart below as either long, short, flat, or irregular by placing a check mark in the appropriate column. Also use a check mark to indicate whether the bone is a part of the axial or the appendicular skeleton. Use Figure 8.1 as a guide. Axial Appendicular Short Flat Irregular skeleton skeleton Long Sternum Radius Parietal bone (cranial bone) Phalanx (single bone of a digit) Vertebra
"The classification of each bone according to its type (long, short, flat, irregular) and whether it belongs to the axial or appendicular skeleton:
Bone Type Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton
Sternum Flat ✔
Radius Long ✔
Parietal bone Flat ✔
Phalanx (single bone) Long ✔
Vertebra Irregular ✔
Long Bones: The bones that are longer than they are wide are called long bones. These bones are found in the appendicular skeleton of the body. The Radius bone is an example of a long bone.
Short Bones: Short bones are as long as they are wide. They are primarily found in the wrist and ankle. The phalanx bone is an example of a short bone.
Flat Bones: Flat bones are thin and flat. These bones protect vital organs and provide a surface for muscle attachment. The Sternum bone is an example of a flat bone.
Irregular Bones: Irregular bones have irregular shapes. These bones play a vital role in protecting the nervous system and the organs in the thorax. The Vertebra bone is an example of an irregular bone.
Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton consists of bones that lie along the longitudinal axis of the body. The Vertebra and Parietal bone is a part of the axial skeleton.
Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton consists of bones that lie along the appendages of the body. The Radius and Phalanx are a part of the appendicular skeleton.
Bones in the human body serve several important functions:
1. Support: Bones provide structural support to the body, giving it its shape and framework. They form the rigid framework that supports and maintains the body's posture.
2. Protection: Bones act as protective coverings for vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs, and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
3. Movement: Bones, along with joints, muscles, and tendons, enable movement. They act as levers that are moved by muscle contractions, allowing us to walk, run, lift objects, and perform various activities.
4. Blood Cell Production: Bones house bone marrow, where red and white blood cells, as well as platelets, are produced. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells help fight infections, and platelets are essential for blood clotting.
5. Mineral Storage: Bones store minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, which are crucial for maintaining the body's mineral balance. When the body needs these minerals, bones release them into the bloodstream.
6. Energy Storage: Yellow marrow, found in the central cavities of long bones, stores fat as an energy reserve for the body.
7. Body Support and Balance: Bones provide support for soft tissues and muscles, allowing them to function effectively. They also contribute to maintaining balance and stability.
8. Sound Transmission: Bones in the middle ear, such as the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), transmit sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear, facilitating hearing.
These functions collectively make bones essential for the body's structure, movement, protection, and overall physiological well-being.
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1. Explain why the greenhouse effect is necessary but how an enhanced greenhouse effect can harm the planet.
2. Define global warming and explain what has caused the recent trend of warming that the earth is experiencing.
3. Explain why Earth's temperature is directly affected by the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
4. Define carbon sequestration and explain how deep geologic burial of carbon works.
5 Describe the connection between fossil fuel burning, the melting of polar ice, and the rising of global sea levels.
Answer:
1. The enhanced greenhouse effect disrupts the Earth's climate equilibrium and has led to an increase in the global average surface temperatures.
2. Scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-20th century to the human expansion of the "greenhouse effect" 1 — warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space. Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping.
3. Greenhouse gases absorb some of the energy and trap it in the lower atmosphere. Less heat radiates into space, and Earth is warmer. ... Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide are naturally present in Earth's atmosphere.
4. Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is one method of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the goal of reducing global climate change.
5. As climate change caused by burning fossil fuels drives temperatures higher, the ocean warms, causing it to expand. ... Scientists have found that water draining from melting glaciers and ice sheets in polar and mountain regions is now also contributing to this rise in sea levels.
Answer: 1. Necessary because it keeps heat in and keeps the planet at the right temperature for life.
It can harm the planet if more pollution occurs and the greenhouse gas effect traps too much heat and causes global warming. 2. Scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-20th century to the human expansion of the "greenhouse effect"1 — warming that results Greenhouse gases let the sun's light shine onto the Earth's surface, but they trap the heat that reflects back up into the atmosphere. In this way, they act like the insulating glass walls of a greenhouse. The greenhouse effect keeps Earth's climate comfortable when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space. Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. 3. Human activities contribute to global warming by increasing the greenhouse effect. ... Greenhouse gases let the sun's light shine onto the Earth's surface, but they trap the heat that reflects back up into the atmosphere. In this way, they act like the insulating glass walls of a greenhouse. 4. Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is one method of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the goal of reducing global climate change. Geologic carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in underground geologic formations. The CO2 is usually pressurized until it becomes a liquid, and then it is injected into porous rock formations in geologic basins. 5. As climate change caused by burning fossil fuels drives temperatures higher, the ocean warms, causing it to expand. This expansion in turn causes sea levels to rise. ... There is now so much warming baked in to the global climate system that sea levels will continue to rise for centuries.
Explanation:
what is the relationship between the rate of wind and the amount of abrasion?
Answer: Wind speed is also important. The rate of erosion caused by a 30-mile-per-hour wind is more than three times that of a 20-mile-per-hour wind. Wind erosion decreases as soil moisture increases. For example, dry soil erodes about one-and-one-third times more than soil with barely enough moisture to keep plants alive.
Explanation:
https://www.agry.purdue.edu/soils_judging/new_manual/ch6-wind.html Hope this helps
What allele pairs will result from this combination of alleles MmQq? ( use the 13,14,23,24 strategy).
A). All of these are correct
B). MQ, Mq, mQ, mq
C). Mq, mQ, mq, Mq
D). MM, mm, QQ, qq
Consider the relationship between UV exposure (e.g. UV exposure...
Consider the relationship between UV exposure (e.g. UV exposure time) and colony formation in trp1-289 yeast plated on SD medium. (1pt) Would you predict there to be a positive or negative relationship between UV exposure and colony formation (i.e. number of colonies) in trp1-289 yeast plated on SD medium. Why? (1pt) If you were to graph this relationship, which variable (i.e. number of trp1-289 colonies on SD medium or UV exposure time) would go on the x-axis and which would go on the y-axis? (1pt) Explain why this relationship might not be linear? (Hint: use the information you generated in Q3&4 above). Include a description of what this relationship might look like?
The relationship between UV exposure and colony formation is negative.
There is a negative relationship between UV exposure and colony formation in trp1-289 yeast plated on the SD medium. This is because UV exposure can cause DNA damage, which can lead to decreased viability and colony formation in yeast.
The UV exposure time would be placed on the x-axis, representing the independent variable. The number of trp1-289 colonies on the SD medium would be placed on the y-axis, representing the dependent variable.
The relationship between UV exposure and colony formation might not be linear due to several factors. The relationship might exhibit a sigmoidal or exponential decay curve.
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I
rupe de estudiante utiliza un aparate para estudia
reaction quimica entre pedande cascara de bo
acetico, me muestra la siguiente ilustracion
ar la transferencia de energia durante la
de camara de hormierhonate de calcio vare
Experimento con vinagre y cáscara de huevo
Burbujas
Burbujas
Burbujas
de
Tubo
de
vidrio
Tubo
de
vidrio
vidno
Cáscara de
huevo
Vinagre
Cáscara de
huevo
Vinagre
3
Cáscara de
huevo
Vinagre
5%
Durante el experimento, utilizan la misma masa de cascara de huevo, pere varian la
concentración del vinagre.
A. Explica por yue la transferencia de energia no es la misma entre las tres pruebas del
experimente
B. Describe como se podria modificar el aparato para que pueda medir con MAYOR
EXACTITUD la transferencia de energia en cada reacción.
Recuerda contestar todas las partes de la pregunta en el espacio previsto
A. La transferencia de energía no es la misma entre las tres pruebas del experimento debido a la variación en la concentración de vinagre.
La concentración del vinagre influye en la velocidad y la eficacia de la reacción química. El vinagre es una solución diluida de ácido acético en agua, y el ácido actúa para disolver la capa externa de carbonato de calcio que compone la cáscara del huevo. Cuanto mayor sea la concentración de ácido acético en el vinagre, más rápida será la reacción y mayor será la transferencia de energía. Por lo tanto, se puede observar que la prueba que utilizó la concentración de vinagre al 10% tuvo una transferencia de energía mucho más alta que las otras dos pruebas.B.
El aparato se puede modificar para medir con mayor exactitud la transferencia de energía en cada reacción. Esto se puede hacer utilizando un calorímetro, que es un dispositivo que se utiliza para medir el calor de las reacciones químicas o los cambios físicos. El calorímetro consta de un recipiente aislado que contiene una muestra y se coloca en un baño de agua. Se mide la temperatura del agua antes y después de la reacción, y la diferencia en la temperatura se utiliza para calcular la cantidad de calor absorbido o liberado por la muestra.
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Explain the difference between DNA, chromosomes, genes, and the protein that is created.
I NEED THIS QUICKLY PLS!!!
Explanation:
DNA is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code.DNA is composed of two strands that wrap around each other to form a double helix shape.
Genes are sections of DNA that contain the set of instructions to produce one specific molecule in your body, usually a protein. These proteins control how our body grows and works; they are also responsible for many of our characteristics, such as our eye colour, blood type or height.
Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 46 chromosomes . We inherit one set of 23 chromosomes from our mother and one set of 23 chromosomes from our father. So we have two sets of 23 chromosomes or 23 pairs.
How do toothed whales produce echolocating sounds?
Answer:
Toothed whales (including dolphins) have developed a remarkable sensory ability used for locating food and for navigation underwater called echolocation. Toothed whales produce a variety of sounds by moving air between air-spaces or sinuses in the head.
Explanation:
Answer:
Toothed whales can direct sound by bouncing it off air sacs in their nose and possibly by using face muscles to alter the shape of the melon.
Explanation:
Light traveling through the air moves in a straight line. An object viewed through water looks different because light rays that travel through water are . . .
A.bent
B.reflected
C.bounced
B.absorbed
Given the following sense strand of DNA sequence, transcribe it into mRNA, showing the orientation of the mRNA [i.e. 3' and 5' ends]. Then translate this sequence into protein [indicating amino and carboxy termini, be sure to check for an open reading frame as well.]
5' GGGATCGATGCCCCTTAAAGAGTTTACATATTGCTGGAGGCGTTAACCCCGGA 3´
The correct mRNA sequence transcribed from the given DNA sequence is: 5' UCCCUAGCUACGGGAUUUUCUCAAUAUGUAAUUGACCUCCGCAAUGGGGCUCC 3' Here option B is the correct answer.
To determine the correct mRNA sequence transcribed from the given DNA sequence, we need to apply the rules of DNA transcription. During transcription, the DNA sequence is used as a template to synthesize an mRNA molecule, with the RNA base uracil (U) substituting for thymine (T) in the DNA.
The given DNA sequence is:
5' GGGATCGATGCCCCTTAAAGAGTTTACATATTGCTGGAGGCGTTAACCCCGGA 3'
To transcribe this DNA sequence into mRNA, we replace each DNA base with its RNA counterpart:
G (Guanine) → C (Cytosine)
C (Cytosine) → G (Guanine)
A (Adenine) → U (Uracil)
T (Thymine) → A (Adenine)
Applying these conversions, we get the mRNA sequence:
5' CCCUAGCUACGGGAUUUUCUCAAUAUGUAAUUGACCUCCGCAAUGGGGCUCC 3'
Therefore, option b) 5' UCCCUAGCUACGGGAUUUUCUCAAUAUGUAAUUGACCUCCGCAAUGGGGCUCC 3' represents the correct mRNA sequence transcribed from the given DNA sequence.
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Complete question:
Which of the following represents the correct mRNA sequence transcribed from the given DNA sequence?
a) 5' GGGATCGATGCCCCTTAAAGAGTTTACATATTGCTGGAGGCGTTAACCCCGGA 3'
b) 5' UCCCUAGCUACGGGAUUUUCUCAAUAUGUAAUUGACCUCCGCAAUGGGGCUCC 3'
c) 5' CCCUAGCUACGGGAUUUUCUCAAUAUGUAAUUGACCUCCGCAAUGGGGCUCC 3'
d) 5' GGGATCGATGCCCCTTAAAGAGUUUACAUUAUUGCUGGAGGCGUUAACCCCGGA 3'
 HURRY I HAVE A TIME LIMIT!
Humans, cats, whales, and bats all have similar arm bones. What piece of evidence for common ancestry does this describe?
-homology
-embryology
-fossil record
-amino acids sequences
Answer: that they all have the bones used to make their movements so they can live and survive on there own.
Explanation:
Why do some organisms produce many more offspring than other organisms?
What are all of the secondary consumers included in this web?Herring
Sprat
Gray seal
Saduria entomon
Monoporeia affinis
What are the factors that increase a species success over time.
Answer:
Explanation:
(1) the potential for a species to increase in number,
(2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction,
(3) competition for limited resources
(4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment
Hope this helped!!!
A scientist observes the cells of a newly discovered organism under a microscope. The organism has mitochondria, a cell wall, lysosomes, and ribosomes. Is this organism a plant or an animal, and how do you know? A. The organism is a plant, because it has lysosomes. B. The organism is an animal, because it has mitochondria. C. The organism is a plant, because it has a cell wall. D. The organism is an animal, because it has ribosomes.
Answer:
think the answer is:
C. The organism is a plant because it has a cell wall.
Explanation:
only plant cells have Cell Walls
3) identify and describe three abiotic characteristics of ecosystems. Give an example of how each
characteristic could be affected by a human activity
Answer:
The abiotic characteristics of an ecosystem that affects man includes: Land surface, rainfall and relative humidity.
Explanation:
In the ecosystem, man occupies the terrestrial habitat which is affected by the abiotic factors listed above.
Abiotic (non- living) factors determine the type of biotic (living) community that is found in an ecosystem. These factors include Land surface, rainfall and relative humidity, just to mention a few.
--> LAND SURFACE: This is responsible for the marked variation in the vegetation of a place. For example, a mountain in the tropics may have a rain forest vegetation at it's base and an afroalpine vegetation near its peak. The gradient of the slope affects the growth of organisms. A steep slope encourage fast run - off of water and therefore encourages erosion, which results in shallow and infertile soil. This in turn AFFECT man's farming activities as there would be little to no crop yield.
--> RAINFALL: Water is a very important abiotic factor that affects life. The main source of water to terrestrial habitat is rainfall. When rain falls, a greater percentage of it sinks into the soil while the rest run- off into water bodies. Water is absorbed by root hairs into the plant and used for photosynthesis to produce food. The absence of rainfall in the environment of man could lead to drought which AFFECTS man negatively.
--> RELATIVE HUMIDITY: This is a measure of the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. It's usually high in hot wet regions. It affects the rate at which water evaporates from the body surfaces of organisms. Low relative humidity cause more water (sweat) to evaporate from body surfaces giving the human body a cooling effect. But in high relative humidity, the sweat cannot evaporate leaving the body feeling hot and sticky. This AFFECTS man as the body tries to cool off in a harder way by increasing rate of respiration and depth of blood circulation.
Match each statement in the left column with the most likely characteristic in the light column. On June 21st. ✓[Choose] 34 degrees the declination of the Sun is 3 degrees north On March 20/2020 is the longest day of the year in the Southern Hemisphere it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere On On January 10th, on the Equator, the Solar Altitude is northernmost latitude where the sun rays strike the Earth's surface perpendicularly... 54 degrees the day and night were 12 hours long anywhere between 0 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres 67 degrees N On March 29th 68 degrees farthest distance from the Pole where the sun rays are tangent to Earth's surface. On July 3rd, the latitude of the tangent rays of the Sun is [Choose] On December 20th [Choose] The Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N) is the [Choose] The Antarctic Polar Circle (66.5 degrees 5) is the [Choose ] On January 30th, the solar altitude in Central [Choose] California (about 38 degrees N), is: On April 22nd, the solar altitude in Seattle (about 48 degrees north) is: [Choose]
On June 21st: The declination of the Sun is 23.5 degrees north.
On March 20/2020: It is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
On January 10th, on the Equator: The Solar Altitude is 90 degrees.
On March 29th: The day and night are 12 hours long anywhere between 0 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres.
On July 3rd: The latitude of the tangent rays of the Sun is 23.5 degrees north.
On December 20th: The Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south) is the farthest distance from the Pole where the sun rays are tangent to Earth's surface.
On January 30th, the solar altitude in Central California (about 38 degrees N): [Choose]
On April 22nd, the solar altitude in Seattle (about 48 degrees north): [Choose]
Explanation to the above short given answers are written below,
On June 21st, the declination of the Sun is 23.5 degrees north. This means that the Sun is at its highest point in the sky in the Northern Hemisphere, marking the summer solstice.On March 20th (or around that date), it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. This is the vernal equinox, when the Sun is directly over the Equator and day and night are approximately equal in length.On January 10th, on the Equator, the Solar Altitude is 90 degrees. This means that the Sun is directly overhead at noon, resulting in a vertical angle of 90 degrees between the Sun and the observer on the Equator.On March 29th, the day and night are approximately 12 hours long anywhere between 0 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. This is around the time of the equinoxes when the length of day and night is equal.On July 3rd, the latitude of the tangent rays of the Sun is 23.5 degrees north. This corresponds to the Tropic of Cancer, the northernmost latitude where the Sun's rays strike the Earth's surface perpendicularly.On December 20th, the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south) is the farthest distance from the Pole where the sun rays are tangent to Earth's surface. This marks the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere.The solar altitude in Central California on January 30th and the solar altitude in Seattle on April 22nd are not provided, so the answers for these statements are missing.To know more about "Summer solstice" refer here:
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which of the following would not be a teratogen? question 18 options: cigarettes lead rubella (german measles) steak
The following would not be a teratogen among cigarettes, lead, rubella (german measles), and steak is steak. Teratogens are substances that interfere with prenatal development and can lead to birth defects. Cigarettes, lead, and rubella are known teratogens that can cause significant harm to a developing fetus. However, steak is not a teratogen.
Cigarettes are a teratogen because they contain harmful chemicals that can cross the placenta and interfere with fetal development. These chemicals can increase the risk of low birth weight, premature birth, and birth defects such as cleft palate and heart defects.
Lead is also a teratogen because exposure to high levels of lead during pregnancy can lead to developmental delays, learning disabilities, and other cognitive impairments in children. Lead can be found in contaminated water, soil, and household items such as paint and dust.
Rubella, or German measles, is another teratogen that can cause severe birth defects if a woman becomes infected during pregnancy. Rubella can cause deafness, blindness, heart defects, and intellectual disability in a developing fetus.
Steak, on the other hand, is not a teratogen. While some types of food, such as undercooked meat and raw eggs, can be harmful during pregnancy due to the risk of foodborne illness, properly cooked steak is not a teratogen and does not pose a risk to fetal development.
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write the two functions of blood?
Explanation:
regulating body temperature
forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss
4. The diagram below represents one possible immune response that can occur in the human body.
**The structures that are part of the immune system are represented by
A, only
A and C, only
B and C, only
A, B, and C
5. Explain your answer to the previous question
Answer:
A and C only
Explanation:
I'm sorry I don't know how to explain it but trust me its A and C only.
Describe how Mendel performed his pea plant experiments.
Answer:
Every offspring does not look alike they change with the generations
Explanation:
What do tornadoes and hurricanes have in common
☁️ Answer ☁️
"Tornadoes and hurricanes appear to be similar in their general structure. Both are characterized by extremely strong horizontal winds swirling around the center, strong upward motion dominating the circulation with some downward motion in the center. "
1. Death
2. strong horizontal winds swirling around the center
3strong upward motion dominating the circulation with some downward motion in the center.
Hope it helps.
Have a nice day noona/hyung.
cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that leads to the production of excessive thick mucus in the respiratory tract, leading to frequent and serious respiratory infections. the defect is due to the production of a faulty membrane protein for the transport of the chloride ion. the protein is still in the membrane; it just doesn't function normally. what type of membrane protein is being affected in this case?
The type of membrane protein that is affected in cystic fibrosis is a chloride ion channel.
What is Cystic fibrosis?Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition in which the mucus in the body becomes thick and sticky. It can cause breathing difficulties and frequent infections, among other symptoms. Because the mucus is thicker than normal, it can obstruct the ducts of the pancreas, preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the small intestine.Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder.
This means that in order to inherit the disease, a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent.
What is the cause of cystic fibrosis?Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The CFTR gene provides instructions for making a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This protein functions as a chloride ion channel, which helps regulate the flow of salt and fluids in and out of cells.
However, in people with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR protein is either missing or not functioning properly due to a genetic mutation. As a result, the salt and water balance is disrupted, leading to the production of thick, sticky mucus that clogs the airways, digestive tract, and other ducts in the body.
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