When a coin is flipped 20 times and lands heads up 11 times, what is the
experimental probability? Write your answer as a decimal.

The power series of the given function is [tex](-13/1600) * ((-x-8)/12)^n + (13/2400) * ((x-8)/24)^n.[/tex]

To find the power series of the given function, we first need to factorize the denominator using partial fractions.

We can write:

(x² + 9) (x² + 64) = (x² + 16x - 144) + (x² - 16x - 576)

Using partial fractions, we can write:

13x² + 337 / [(x² + 9) (x² + 64)] = A/(x² + 16x - 144) + B/(x² - 16x - 576)

where A and B are constants to be determined.

Multiplying both sides by the denominator, we get:

13x² + 337 = A(x² - 16x - 576) + B(x² + 16x - 144)

Substituting x = -8, we get:

13(-8)² + 337 = A((-8)² - 16(-8) - 576)

Solving for A, we get:

A = (-13/800)

Substituting x = 8, we get:

13(8)² + 337 = B(8² + 16(8) - 144)

Solving for B, we get:

B = (13/800)

Therefore, we can write:

13x² + 337 / [(x² + 9) (x² + 64)] = (-13/800)/(x² + 16x - 144) + (13/800)/(x² - 16x - 576)

Now, we can use the formula for the geometric series to find the power series of each term.

For (-13/800)/(x² + 16x - 144), we have:

(-13/800)/(x² + 16x - 144) = (-13/800) * (1/(1 - (-16/12))) * (1/12) * ((-x-8)/12)^n

Simplifying, we get:

(-13/800)/(x² + 16x - 144) = (-13/1600) * [tex]((-x-8)/12)^n[/tex]

For (13/800)/(x² - 16x - 576), we have:

(13/800)/(x² - 16x - 576) = (13/800) * (1/(1 - (16/24))) * (1/24) * [tex]((x-8)/24)^n[/tex]

Simplifying, we get:

(13/800)/(x² - 16x - 576) = (13/2400) * [tex]((x-8)/24)^n[/tex]

Therefore, the power series of the given function is:

(-13/1600) * [tex]((-x-8)/12)^n[/tex] + (13/2400) * [tex]((x-8)/24)^n[/tex]

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The product of the given functions is a parabola that opens upwards and has its vertex at (1,0). Its minimum value is 0, which is attained at x = 1.

The given functions are: f(x)=x² and g(x)=3(x-1)²

First, we can work with the function f(x)=x².

We know that the graph of this function is a parabola with vertex at the origin (0,0), and it opens upwards. This means that the function is always positive or zero, and it has no maximum value (the minimum value is 0, which is attained at x = 0).

Next, we can work with the function g(x)=3(x-1)².

We know that the graph of this function is a parabola with vertex at (1,0), and it opens upwards. This means that the function is always positive or zero, and it has no maximum value (the minimum value is 0, which is attained at x = 1).

Now, we can consider the product of these two functions, h(x) = f(x)g(x) = x²⋅3(x-1)² = 3x²(x-1)².

We know that the graph of this function is a parabola that opens upwards, and its vertex is at (1,0). This means that the function is always positive or zero, and it has no maximum value (the minimum value is 0, which is attained at x = 1).

Therefore, the product of the given functions is a parabola that opens upwards and has its vertex at (1,0). Its minimum value is 0, which is attained at x = 1.

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This shows that if e² is real, then Im z = n, where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., which means that the imaginary part of z can only take the values n

To show that if e² is real, then Im z = n, where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., start by assuming that e² is a real number. We can express z in terms of its real and imaginary parts as z = x + iy, where x and y are real numbers.

Using Euler's formula, [tex]e^{(ix)} = cos(x) + i sin(x)[/tex], write e² as:

[tex]e^{2} = (e^{(ix)})^{2}[/tex]

= (cos(x) + i sin(x))²

= cos²(x) + 2i cos(x) sin(x) - sin²(x)

Since e² is real, the imaginary part of e² must be zero. Therefore, the coefficient of the imaginary term, 2i cos(x) sin(x), must be zero:

2i cos(x) sin(x) = 0

For this equation to hold true, either cos(x) = 0 or sin(x) = 0.

If cos(x) = 0, it implies that x is an odd multiple of π/2, i.e., x = (2n + 1)π/2, where n is an integer.

If sin(x) = 0, it implies that x is a multiple of π, i.e., x = nπ, where n is an integer.

Therefore, combining both cases:

x = (2n + 1)π/2 or x = nπ, where n is an integer.

Now let's consider Im z, which is the imaginary part of z:

Im z = y

Since y is the imaginary part of z and z = x + iy, y is directly related to x. From the earlier cases, x can take the values (2n + 1)π/2 or nπ, where n = integer.

For the case x = (2n + 1)π/2, the imaginary part y can be any real number, and therefore Im z can take any value.

For the case x = nπ, the imaginary part y must be zero, otherwise, the imaginary part of e² will not be zero. Therefore, in this case, Im z = 0.

Combining both cases:

Im z = n, where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ...

This shows that if e² is real, then Im z = n, where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., which means that the imaginary part of z can only take the values n, where n is an integer.

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The simplified expression is 660,043.

[tex](-5a^(-563)) + (4a^4b^2):[/tex]

The given expression consists of two terms: [tex](-5a^(-563)) and (4a^4b^2)[/tex]. Let's simplify each term separately.

[tex](-5a^(-563)):[/tex]

The term (-5a^(-563)) can be written as [tex]-5/a^563[/tex], using the rule for negative exponents[tex](a^(-n) = 1/a^n).[/tex]

[tex](4a^4b^2)[/tex]:

The term[tex](4a^4b^2)[/tex] is already simplified.

Now, we can combine the two simplified terms:

[tex](-5a^(-563)) + (4a^4b^2) = -5/a^563 + 4a^4b^2b) (n)^(-3) * (n^(j^(j-3))) * (T):[/tex]

The given expression consists of three terms: [tex](n)^(-3), (n^(j^(j-3))),[/tex]and (T).

[tex](n)^(-3)[/tex]:

The term[tex](n)^(-3)[/tex]can be written as[tex]1/n^3,[/tex]using the rule for negative exponents.

[tex](n^(j^(j-3))):[/tex]

The term [tex](n^(j^(j-3)))[/tex] cannot be simplified further without knowing the specific values of j.

(T):

The term (T) is already simplified.

Now, we can combine the three simplified terms:

[tex](n)^(-3) * (n^(j^(j-3))) * (T) = 1/n^3 * n^(j^(j-3)) * T[/tex]

(811) * (813):

The given expression consists of two terms: (811) and (813). We can directly evaluate this multiplication:

(811) * (813) = 660,043.

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i)The distribution is a valid probability distribution.

iii) The probability that a construction worker is unable to work from 8 to 13 days is 0.87.

iv) The probability that a construction worker is unable to work for not more than 10 days during the monsoon season is 0.65.

v) Yes, it is possible for a construction worker to be unable to work for more than 14 days during the monsoon season because the probability of X being 14 is 0.02.

vi) Expected value of X = E(X) = Σ[xP(x)]E(X) = 6(0.03) + 7(0.08) + 8(0.15) + 9(0.20) + 10(0.19) + 11(0.16) + 12(0.10) + 13(0.07) + 14(0.02)E(X) = 9.77.

vii)The standard deviation of the days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season is 2.69 days.

Explanation:

i.) Proof that the above distribution is a valid probability distribution of the random variable X.The given table is a valid probability distribution of the random variable X if the sum of all the probabilities of X is equal to 1. P (X = x) represents the probability of construction workers being unable to work for x days during the monsoon season.

X P(X) 6 0.03 7 0.08 8 0.15 9 0.20 10 0.19 11 0.16 12 0.10 13 0.07 14 0.02

Calculating the sum of all probabilities,

P(X) = 0.03 + 0.08 + 0.15 + 0.20 + 0.19 + 0.16 + 0.10 + 0.07 + 0.02

P(X) = 1. Thus, the distribution is a valid probability distribution.

iii.) Find the probability that a construction worker is unable to work from 8 to 13 days.

P(8 ≤ X ≤ 13) can be calculated by adding P(X = 8), P(X = 9), P(X = 10), P(X = 11), P(X = 12) and P(X = 13).

P(8 ≤ X ≤ 13) = P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X = 10) + P(X = 11) + P(X = 12) + P(X = 13)P(8 ≤ X ≤ 13) = 0.15 + 0.20 + 0.19 + 0.16 + 0.10 + 0.07P(8 ≤ X ≤ 13) = 0.87

Therefore, the probability that a construction worker is unable to work from 8 to 13 days is 0.87.

iv.) Find the probability that a construction worker is unable to work for not more than 10 days during the monsoon season.

P(X ≤ 10) can be calculated by adding P(X = 6), P(X = 7), P(X = 8), P(X = 9) and P(X = 10).

P(X ≤ 10) = P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X = 10)P(X ≤ 10) = 0.03 + 0.08 + 0.15 + 0.20 + 0.19P(X ≤ 10) = 0.65

Therefore, the probability that a construction worker is unable to work for not more than 10 days during the monsoon season is 0.65.

v.) Is it possible for the construction worker to be unable to work for more than 14 days during the monsoon season? Justify your answer.

Yes, it is possible for a construction worker to be unable to work for more than 14 days during the monsoon season because the probability of X being 14 is 0.02.

vi.) Calculate the expected number of days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season. Interpret your answer. The expected value of X can be calculated as follows:

Expected value of X = E(X) = Σ[xP(x)]E(X) = 6(0.03) + 7(0.08) + 8(0.15) + 9(0.20) + 10(0.19) + 11(0.16) + 12(0.10) + 13(0.07) + 14(0.02)E(X) = 9.77.

Therefore, the expected number of days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season is 9.77 days.

vii.) Compute the standard deviation of the days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season. The variance of X can be calculated as follows:

Variance of X = σ²X

= Σ[(x - E(X))²P(x)]σ²X = [(6 - 9.77)²(0.03)] + [(7 - 9.77)²(0.08)] + [(8 - 9.77)²(0.15)] + [(9 - 9.77)²(0.20)] + [(10 - 9.77)²(0.19)] + [(11 - 9.77)²(0.16)] + [(12 - 9.77)²(0.10)] + [(13 - 9.77)²(0.07)] + [(14 - 9.77)²(0.02)]σ²X

= 7.265

The standard deviation of X can be calculated as follows:σX = √σ²XσX = √7.265σX = 2.69. Therefore, the standard deviation of the days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season is 2.69 days.

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i). Since the sum of all probabilities is equal to 1, it is a valid probability distribution of the random variable X.

iii). The probability that a construction worker is unable to work from 8 to 13 days is=0.87.

iv). The probability that a construction worker is unable to work for not more than 10 days during the monsoon season is=0.65.

v). No, it is not possible for the construction worker to be unable to work for more than 14 days.

vi). The expected number of days= 9.27.

vii). The standard deviation = 2.32

2)i) The probability distribution table for X can be constructed as follows:

            X           1     2   3

          P(X = x) 1/2 1/4 1/4

2)ii).

The probability that she has at most TWO (2) children is:

        P(X ≤ 2) = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) = 1/2 + 1/4 = 3/4

3) The importer can expect to get RM 7755 income from this jewelry shipment offer.

Explanation:

i).

To prove that the above distribution is a valid probability distribution of the random variable X, we need to check if the sum of all probabilities is equal to 1.

∑P(X=x)=0.03+0.08+0.15+0.20+0.19+0.16+0.10+0.07+0.02

             = 1

Thus, the sum of all probabilities is equal to 1.

Therefore, it is a valid probability distribution of the random variable X.

ii).

To construct the probability graph for the random variable X, we plot X along the horizontal axis and P(X = x) along the vertical axis as shown below.

iii).

The probability that a construction worker is unable to work from 8 to 13 days is:

P(8 ≤ X ≤ 13) = P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X = 10) + P(X = 11) + P(X = 12) + P(X = 13)

                    =0.15 + 0.20 + 0.19 + 0.16 + 0.10 + 0.07

                    =0.87

iv).

The probability that a construction worker is unable to work for not more than 10 days during the monsoon season is:

P(X ≤ 10) = P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X = 10)

              =0.03 + 0.08 + 0.15 + 0.20 + 0.19

              =0.65

v).

No, it is not possible for the construction worker to be unable to work for more than 14 days during the monsoon season because:

P(X > 14) = 0 (as the highest value of X is 14)

vi).

The expected number of days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season can be calculated using the formula:

μ = ∑[xP(X=x)]

μ = (6 × 0.03) + (7 × 0.08) + (8 × 0.15) + (9 × 0.20) + (10 × 0.19) + (11 × 0.16) + (12 × 0.10) + (13 × 0.07) + (14 × 0.02)

= 9.27

The expected number of days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season is 9.27 days.

vii).

The standard deviation of the days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season can be calculated using the formula:

σ = √[∑(x - μ)²P(X = x)]

σ = √[(6 - 9.27)² × 0.03 + (7 - 9.27)² × 0.08 + (8 - 9.27)² × 0.15 + (9 - 9.27)² × 0.20 + (10 - 9.27)² × 0.19 + (11 - 9.27)² × 0.16 + (12 - 9.27)² × 0.10 + (13 - 9.27)² × 0.07 + (14 - 9.27)² × 0.02]

= 2.32

The standard deviation of the days that a construction worker is unable to work during the monsoon season is 2.32 days.

2)i).

The probability distribution table for X can be constructed as follows:

                            X           1     2   3

                          P(X = x) 1/2 1/4 1/4

2)ii).

The probability that she has at most TWO (2) children is:

P(X ≤ 2) = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)

= 1/2 + 1/4

= 3/4

3)

Expected income can be calculated using the formula:

Expected income = ∑(income × probability)

Expected income  = (8000 × 0.25) + (7500 × 0.46) + (7000 × 0.19) + (5000 × 0.10)

                               = 2375 + 3450 + 1330 + 500

                               = RM 7755

The importer can expect to get RM 7755 income from this jewelry shipment offer.

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If the assumptions are met, we are 95% confident that the difference in population proportions of all Texans who favor a new Green initiative and all New Yorkers who favor the initiative is between -0.058 and 0.134.

To construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions, we use data from randomly selected Texans and New Yorkers regarding their support for the new Green initiative.

Among the 530 Texans surveyed, 375 were in favor of the initiative, while among the 568 New Yorkers surveyed, 474 were in favor.

We calculate the sample proportions for each group: [tex]p_1[/tex] = 375/530 ≈ 0.7075 for Texans and [tex]p_2[/tex] = 474/568 ≈ 0.8345 for New Yorkers.

Assuming that the conditions for constructing a confidence interval are met (independence, random sampling, and sufficiently large sample sizes), we can use the formula for the confidence interval:

[tex](p_1 - p_2)\ ^+_-\ z * \sqrt{[(p_1 * (1 - p_1)/n_1) + (p_2 * (1 - p_2)/n_2)][/tex]

where z is the critical value for a 95% confidence interval, n₁ and n₂ are the sample sizes for the Texans and New Yorkers, respectively.

By substituting the given values and calculating, we find that the 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions is approximately (-0.058, 0.134).

This means we can be 95% confident that the true population difference in proportions falls within this interval.

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We must  conclude that the political strategist's claim is not warranted/valid, and the evidence suggests that the proportion of voters supporting his candidate is different from 58%. Hence, the correct option is "No, because the test value-16 is in the critical region."

The null hypothesis (H0) assumes that the claimed proportion is true, so H0: p = 0.58.

The alternative hypothesis (H1) assumes that the claimed proportion is not true, so H1: p ≠ 0.58.

We can use a two-tailed z-test to test the hypothesis, comparing the sample proportion to the claimed proportion.

The test statistic formula for a proportion is

z = (pa - p) / √(p * (1-p) / n)

z = (0.52 - 0.58) / √(0.58 * (1-0.58) / 400)

z = -0.06 / √(0.58 * 0.42 / 400)

z ≈-2.43

To determine if the test value is in the critical region or noncritical region, we compare the test statistic to the critical value at a significance level of α = 0.05.

The critical value for a two-tailed test at α = 0.05 is approximately ±1.96.

Since the test statistic (-2.36) is in the critical region (-∞, -1.96) U (1.96, +∞), we reject the null hypothesis.

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The average value of f over the interval [-2, 5] is 10/7. The correct answer is C. 10/7.

To find the average value of a function f over an interval, we can use the formula:

Average value = (1 / (b - a)) * ∫[a to b] f(x) dx

Given that the average value of f over the interval [-2, 3] is -6 and the average value over the interval [3, 5] is 20, we can set up the following equations:

-6 = (1 / (3 - (-2))) * ∫[-2 to 3] f(x) dx

20 = (1 / (5 - 3)) * ∫[3 to 5] f(x) dx

To find the average value over the interval [-2, 5], we need to calculate the integral ∫[-2 to 5] f(x) dx. We can break this interval into two parts:

∫[-2 to 5] f(x) dx = ∫[-2 to 3] f(x) dx + ∫[3 to 5] f(x) dx

Substituting the given average values, we have:

-6 = (1 / 5) * ∫[-2 to 3] f(x) dx

20 = (1 / 2) * ∫[3 to 5] f(x) dx

To find the average value over the interval [-2, 5], we need to combine the two integrals and divide by the total interval length:

Average value = (1 / (5 - (-2))) * (∫[-2 to 3] f(x) dx + ∫[3 to 5] f(x) dx)

Using the given average values and simplifying, we get:

Average value = (1 / 7) * (-6 * 5 + 20 * 2)

Average value = (1 / 7) * (-30 + 40)

Average value = (1 / 7) * 10

Average value = 10 / 7

Therefore, the average value of f over the interval [-2, 5] is 10/7. The correct answer is C. 10/7.

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a. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion is 0.85.

b. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion is 0.0243.

c. The correct choice that justifies the statement is C. np ≥ 10 and n(1 − p) ≥ 10.

d. The probability of obtaining a sample result of 156 or less if the company's claim is true is approximately 0.9998.

Probability is a measure of the likelihood or chance of an event occurring. It quantifies the uncertainty associated with the outcome of a particular event or experiment.

a. To calculate the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion, we use the formula:

mean = p,

where p is the proportion of success in the population. In this case, the company claims that 85% of the software is bug-free, so p = 0.85.

Therefore, the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion is 0.85.

b. To calculate the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion, we use the formula:

standard deviation = sqrt((p * (1 - p)) / n),

where p is the proportion of success in the population and n is the sample size.

In this case, p = 0.85 and n = 200.

standard deviation = [tex]\sqrt{(0.85 * (1 - 0.85)) / 200}[/tex] = 0.0243 (rounded to four decimal places).

c. The shape of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion is approximately normal if the sample size is large enough and certain conditions are met. One of the conditions is that np ≥ 10 and n(1 - p) ≥ 10.

In this case, p = 0.85 and n = 200. So, np = 0.85 * 200 = 170 and n(1 - p) = 200 * (1 - 0.85) = 30.

Since both np ≥ 10 and n(1 - p) ≥ 10 are satisfied (170 ≥ 10 and 30 ≥ 10), we can conclude that the shape of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion is approximately normal.

The correct choice that justifies this statement is C. np ≥ 10 and n(1 − p) ≥ 10.

d. To calculate the probability of obtaining a sample result of 156 out of 200 or less if the company's claim is true, we need to calculate the probability of getting 156 or fewer bug-free programs out of a sample of 200, assuming the true proportion is 0.85.

Using a table or technology, we can calculate this probability. Let's assume the population follows a binomial distribution.

P(X ≤ 156) = Σ P(X = x), where x ranges from 0 to 156.

Using the binomial probability formula, we can calculate the probability for each value of x and sum them up. Alternatively, using technology such as a binomial calculator or software, we can directly calculate the cumulative probability.

The probability P(X ≤ 156) is approximately 0.9998 (rounded to four decimal places).

Therefore, the probability of obtaining a sample result of 156 or less if the company's claim is true is approximately 0.9998.

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The average study hours are the same for both groups, but the mode, median, and range differ between the two age groups.

Based on the provided responses, here is the comparison of the data for the two groups of teens:

1. The 13- to 15-year-olds spent an average of 14 hours studying last week, which is the same as the average for the 16- to 18-year-olds.

2. The mode for the hours spent studying last week for the 13- to 15-year-olds is less than the mode for the 16- to 18-year-olds, indicating that there was a higher concentration of hours for a specific value in the 16- to 18-year-old group.

3. The median value for the hours spent studying last week for the 13- to 15-year-olds is greater than the median value for the 16- to 18-year-olds, suggesting that the middle value of study hours is higher for the younger group.

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Fenway Park's unique dimensions and the presence of the Green Monster make it a ballpark where hitting a ball that satisfies the given conditions would require a significant elevation angle

One major league ballpark that fits the given criteria is Fenway Park, located in Boston, Massachusetts, home to the Boston Red Sox.

Fenway Park has a unique configuration, especially in its center field area known as "The Triangle." The distance from home plate to the center field fence in Fenway Park is approximately 390 feet (119 meters). The center field fence, also known as the "Green Monster," has a height of 37 feet (11 meters).

To determine if a ball can clear the center field fence, we need to consider the angle of elevation and the height at which the ball is hit. The given conditions state that the ball must hit 2 feet above the ground and require an angle of elevation greater than 0.86 degrees to just clear the center field fence.

In Fenway Park, due to the shorter distance from home plate to the center field fence and the relatively high height of the Green Monster, hitting a ball at a low angle would not be sufficient to clear the fence. Therefore, to hit a ball 2 feet above the ground and clear the center field fence, a player would need to generate a higher angle of elevation, which would result in a steeper trajectory.

Fenway Park's unique dimensions and the presence of the Green Monster make it a ballpark where hitting a ball that satisfies the given conditions would require a significant elevation angle. It provides an exciting challenge for players and has become an iconic feature of the stadium.

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The most appropriate method of data collection for a study to determine the chance of getting three girls in a family of three children is Simulation.

What is Simulation?

Simulation is the act of imitating the behavior of a real-world system or process over time. It allows the study of systems that are complex or difficult to understand or predict, such as a nuclear reactor or an economy, without endangering the system or wasting resources.

While conducting the simulation, it is essential to consider how variables change over time and what factors influence those changes. The data obtained through simulations can be used to make predictions and improve performance in a variety of fields, including engineering, finance, and healthcare.

Therefore, the most appropriate method of data collection for a study to determine the chance of getting three girls in a family of three children is Simulation.

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Simulation would be the most appropriate method of data collection in this case since it allows for the investigation of a wide range of possible outcomes and does not require the manipulation of variables or the use of a biased sample.

To determine the chance of getting three girls in a family of three children, the most appropriate method of data collection is simulation. This is because simulation is a technique that involves creating a model that mimics the real-world situation or process under investigation. The simulation model is used to run multiple trials, each with slightly different inputs, to generate a range of possible outcomes.A simulation study would be conducted using a computer program that would simulate many families and their possible outcomes. In each simulated family, the gender of each child would be randomly assigned as male or female. By running the simulation many times, it would be possible to estimate the probability of getting three girls in a family of three children.In an observational study, researchers would simply observe families and record whether or not they have three girls. This method would not be appropriate in this case since it would be difficult to find enough families with three children, let alone three girls.The experiment would involve randomly assigning families to either a treatment group or a control group and observing the outcomes. This method would also not be appropriate since it would be unethical to manipulate the gender of children in families.A survey would involve collecting data from families with three children about the gender of their children. This method would also not be appropriate since the sample would be biased towards families with three children and may not accurately represent the population as a whole.

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The given statement, "One disadvantage of Gaussian quadrature rules is that they cannot be refined as easily as Newton-Cotes rules, because the nodes move if the number of subintervals is increased" is TRUE.

Gaussian Quadrature Rules is a numerical method used for the approximation of definite integrals of functions. A quadrature rule comprises of a weighted sum of function values at specified points.

The weights and nodes that define a Gaussian Quadrature formula are computed to ensure that the formula is precise for polynomials up to a specified degree. Gaussian Quadrature rules give the user the capability to compute integrals to a high degree of precision with very few function evaluations.

The problem with Gaussian Quadrature rules is that the points used for integration are specified in advance and cannot be adjusted or modified.

This implies that as the number of subintervals increases, the points, referred to as nodes, must shift to be precise for each interval.

This requirement makes it more difficult to modify Gaussian Quadrature rules compared to Newton-Cotes rules, which can be modified by simple interpolation techniques.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

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The solution to the given recurrence relation is:

an = ((3 + √2) / (4√2))(2 + 2√2)^n + ((3 - √2) / (4√2))(2 - 2√2)^n.

The given recurrence relation is an = 4an−1 + 4an−2, with initial terms a0 = 1 and a1 = 2. We will solve this recurrence relation using the characteristic equation and initial conditions.

The characteristic equation for the recurrence relation is found by assuming the solution to be of the form an = r^n. Substituting this into the recurrence relation, we get r^n = 4r^(n-1) + 4r^(n-2).

Dividing both sides by r^(n-2), we have r^2 = 4r + 4. Rearranging the equation, we get r^2 - 4r - 4 = 0.

To solve this quadratic equation, we can use the quadratic formula: r = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a). Plugging in a = 1, b = -4, and c = -4, we get r = (4 ± √(16 + 16)) / 2 = (4 ± √(32)) / 2 = 2 ± 2√2.

Thus, the general solution for the recurrence relation is of the form an = Ar1^n + Br2^n, where r1 = 2 + 2√2 and r2 = 2 - 2√2.

Using the initial conditions a0 = 1 and a1 = 2, we can plug in these values to solve for A and B. Substituting n = 0 and n = 1 into the general solution and equating them to the given initial conditions, we get:

a0 = A(2 + 2√2)^0 + B(2 - 2√2)^0 = A + B = 1,

a1 = A(2 + 2√2)^1 + B(2 - 2√2)^1 = (2 + 2√2)A + (2 - 2√2)B = 2.

Solving these equations simultaneously, we find A = (3 + √2) / (4√2) and B = (3 - √2) / (4√2).

an = ((3 + √2) / (4√2))(2 + 2√2)^n + ((3 - √2) / (4√2))(2 - 2√2)^n is the  solution to the given recurrence relation.

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To find the root of the equation r^4 + 53 - 2 in the interval (0.1, 0.11) to 5 decimal places, we can use the fixed point iteration method and start with an initial approximation of X0 = 0.4.

After several iterations, we find that the root is approximately 0.10338 to 5 decimal places.

For Newton's method, we will use the derivative of the function and start with an initial approximation of X0 = 0.4. After a few iterations, we find that the root is approximately 0.103378 to 6 decimal places.

Using the fixed point iteration method, we define the iterative function as:

g(x) = ∛(2 - 53/x^4)

Starting with X0 = 0.4, we can iterate using the fixed point iteration formula:

X1 = g(X0)

X2 = g(X1)

X3 = g(X2)

Iterating several times, we find that X5 is approximately 0.10338 to 5 decimal places.

For Newton's method, we use the derivative of the function:

f'(x) = -4x^-5

The iterative formula for Newton's method is:

Xn+1 = X n - f(X n) / f'(X n)

Starting with X0 = 0.4, we can iterate using the Newton's method formula:

X1 = X0 - (X0 ^4 + 53 - 2) / (-4X0 ^-5)

X2 = X1 - (X1 ^4 + 53 - 2) / (-4X1 ^-5)

X3 = X2 - (X2 ^4 + 53 - 2) / (-4X2 ^-5)

...

Iterating a few times, we find that X5 is approximately 0.103378 to 6 decimal places.

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The predicted value of Y for X = 8 is Y8 = 19.Option (b) is the correct answer.

A linear regression equation has b = 2 and a = 3.

The predicted value of Y for X = 8 is given by the equation below:Y = a + bX, where a = 3 and b = 2.

To find Y8, we substitute X = 8 into the equation as follows:

Y8 = a + bX8Y8 = 3 + 2(8)Y8 = 3 + 16Y8 = 19.

Therefore, the predicted value of Y for X = 8 is Y8 = 19.Option (b) is the correct answer.

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1. The inference rule illustrated by the argument is the transitive property.

2. Based on the given information, the conclusion that can be reached is: If the weather turns bad, then the flight will be canceled.

1. The inference rule illustrated by the argument is the transitive property. It states that if a condition is true for one element, and that element implies another element, then the condition is also true for the second element.

In this case, the argument is using the transitive property to conclude that if Paul is a good swimmer (first element), and being a good swimmer implies being a good runner (second element), then Paul is also a good biker (third element).

2. Based on the given information, the conclusion that can be reached is: If the weather turns bad, then the flight will be canceled. This conclusion is derived from the statement "either the weather will turn bad or we will leave on time" and the fact that the flight will be canceled if the weather turns bad.

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12 2/3% can be expressed as the common fraction 19/150.

To convert a percent to a common fraction, we divide the percent value by 100. In this case, 12 2/3% can be written as 12 2/3 ÷ 100.

First, we convert the mixed number to an improper fraction. 12 2/3 can be written as (3 * 12 + 2)/3 = 38/3.

Next, we divide 38/3 by 100. To divide a fraction by 100, we multiply the numerator by 1 and the denominator by 100. This gives us (38/3) * (1/100) = 38/300.

To simplify the fraction, we can divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor, which is 2. Dividing both by 2 gives us 19/150.

Therefore, 12 2/3% can be expressed as the common fraction 19/150.

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It is True that to determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis, we compared the p-value to the test statistic.

The statement "To determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis, we compared the p-value to the test statistic" is True.

In hypothesis testing, we determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis by comparing the p-value with the significance level or alpha level. The p-value is a probability value that is used to measure the level of evidence against the null hypothesis.

The null hypothesis is the statement or claim that we are testing.In hypothesis testing, we compare the test statistic to the critical value. If the test statistic is greater than the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis.

If the test statistic is less than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

To determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis, we compare the p-value to the significance level or alpha level. If the p-value is less than the significance level, we reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is greater than the significance level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Therefore, we use the p-value to determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis.

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The solution is (a) Expanding f(x, y) by Taylor's formula we have, f(x, y) = x + 1/2 cos y - 1 + 1R2(x, y) and

(b) Ry(x, y) = 0 as q + for (x, y) in some open set containing Xo.

Given function is `f(x, y) = x - cos y, x > 0` and `Xo = (1, 0)`.

(a) We need to expand f(x, y) by Taylor's formula about Xo, with q = 2, and find an estimate for `1R2(x, y)`.

Taylor's formula with q = 2 for function f(x, y) will be:`

f(x, y) = f(Xo) + f_x(Xo)(x - 1) + f_y(Xo)(y - 0) + 1/2[f_xx(Xo)(x - 1)^2 + 2f_xy(Xo)(x - 1)(y - 0) + f_yy(Xo)(y - 0)^2] + 1R2(x, y)`

Now, let's find the partial derivatives of f(x, y):

`f_x(x, y) = 1``f_y(x, y) = sin y`

Since, `Xo = (1, 0)`.So,`f(Xo) = f(1, 0) = 1 - cos 0 = 1``f_x(Xo) = 1``f_y(Xo) = sin 0 = 0`And `f_xx(x, y) = 0` and `f_yy(x, y) = cos y`.

Differentiate `f_x(x, y)` with respect to x:`

f_xx(x, y) = 0`

Differentiate `f_y(x, y)` with respect to x:

`f_xy(x, y) = 0`

Differentiate `f_x(x, y)` with respect to y:

`f_xy(x, y) = 0

`Differentiate `f_y(x, y)` with respect to y:

`f_yy(x, y) = cos y`

Put all the values in Taylor's formula with q = 2:

`f(x, y) = 1 + (x - 1) + 0(y - 0) + 1/2[0(x - 1)^2 + 0(x - 1)(y - 0) + cos 0(y - 0)^2] + 1R2(x, y)`

Simplify this:`f(x, y) = x + 1/2 cos y - 1 + 1R2(x, y)`

So, the estimate for `1R2(x, y)` is `1/2 cos y - 1`.

(b) We need to show that `Ry(x, y) = 0` as q + for `(x, y)` in some open set containing `Xo`.

Now, let's find `Ry(x, y)`:`Ry(x, y) = f(x, y) - f(Xo) - f_x(Xo)(x - 1) - f_y(Xo)(y - 0)`Put `Xo = (1, 0)`, `f(Xo) = 1`, `f_x(Xo) = 1`, and `f_y(Xo) = 0`.

So,`Ry(x, y) = f(x, y) - 1 - (x - 1) - 0(y - 0)`

Simplify this:` Ry(x, y) = f(x, y) - x`

Put the value of `f(x, y)`:`Ry(x, y) = x + 1/2 cos y - 1 - x

`Simplify this: `Ry(x, y) = 1/2 cos y - 1

`We have already found that the estimate for `1R2(x, y)` is `1/2 cos y - 1`.

So, we can say that `Ry(x, y) = 1R2(x, y)` as q + for `(x, y)` in some open set containing `Xo`.

Hence, the solution is `(a) f(x, y) = x + 1/2 cos y - 1 + 1R2(x, y)` and `(b) Ry(x, y) = 0` as q + for `(x, y)` in some open set containing `Xo`.

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China Tea Company Income Statement for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Service revenue $400,000

Salaries expense $180,000

Advertising expense $70,000

Rent expense $15,000

Depreciation expense $30,000

Interest expense $2,000

Utilities expense $32,000

Total Expenses $329,000

Net Income $71,000

China Tea Company generated $400,000 in service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. The company incurred various expenses including salaries ($180,000), advertising ($70,000), rent ($15,000), depreciation ($30,000), interest ($2,000), and utilities ($32,000), resulting in total expenses of $329,000.

By subtracting the total expenses from the revenue, the net income for China Tea Company in 2021 is $71,000.

In the income statement, revenue represents the total income generated from business operations, while expenses reflect the costs incurred to generate that revenue. Net income is the difference between revenue and expenses and serves as a measure of profitability for the company. It indicates how much profit the company made during the specified period.

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We need to find the first partial derivative of the function f(x, y) = x^9y with respect to x and y.

To find the first partial derivatives of the function, we differentiate the function with respect to each variable while treating the other variable as a constant.

Taking the partial derivative with respect to x, we treat y as a constant:

∂f/∂x = [tex]9x^8y[/tex].

Next, taking the partial derivative with respect to y, we treat x as a constant:

∂f/∂y = [tex]x^9[/tex].

Therefore, the first partial derivatives of the function f(x, y) = [tex]x^9y[/tex] are:

∂f/∂x = [tex]9x^8y,[/tex]

∂f/∂y = [tex]x^9[/tex].

These partial derivatives give us the rate of change of the function with respect to each variable. The first partial derivative with respect to x represents how the function changes as x varies while keeping y constant, and the first partial derivative with respect to y represents how the function changes as y varies while keeping x constant.

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The Census 2020 in Singapore is a national survey conducted once every ten years to gather data on the population and households. It plays a crucial role in providing a statistical profile of the country's inhabitants and serves as a fundamental resource for policy review and formulation. The Census 2020 involves a sample enumeration of approximately 150,000 households, conducted over a period of six to nine months.

(a) In the context of the Census, a census refers to a complete count or enumeration of the entire population of a country. It aims to collect detailed information on various demographic, social, and economic characteristics of individuals and households.

For the Census 2020, the sampling frame used is a list of all households in Singapore, which serves as the basis for selecting the sample. This sampling frame is constructed through a combination of administrative records, such as housing databases, and updated through field visits and engagement with residents.

The selection of samples for Census 2020 involves a two-stage stratified sampling approach. In the first stage, the country is divided into smaller geographic areas called strata, based on factors such as housing type and region. Then, within each stratum, a systematic random sampling method is used to select a representative sample of households. The selected households are then contacted and enumerated to collect the required data.

Overall, the sampling frame for Census 2020 is constructed using administrative records and updated through field visits, while samples are selected through a two-stage stratified sampling approach to ensure a representative and accurate representation of the population.

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The property which is represented by equation "√12 + (-√12) = 0" is the (d) inverse property of addition.

In this equation, the square-root of 12 and its negative, -√12, are additive inverses of each other.

The inverse property states that for every element x, there exists an additive inverse -x, such that x + (-x) = 0.

In this case, √12 and -√12 are additive inverses since their sum is equal to zero. This property is a fundamental property of addition, that for any element, its additive inverse can be found, resulting in the identity element (zero) when added together.

Therefore, the correct option is (d).

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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

Which property is illustrated by the equation √12 + (-√12) = 0?

(a) associative property of addition,

(b) commutative property of addition

(c) identity property of addition

(d) inverse property of addition

Of the options listed, the best forecasting technique to use in this scenario would be Holt-Winter's forecasting method.

Holt-Winter's forecasting method is suitable when there are trends and seasonality in the data, which is likely the case for ice cream demand that peaks during specific seasons. This method takes into account both trend and seasonality components and can provide more accurate forecasts compared to simpler techniques like simple average, simple exponential smoothing, four-period moving average, or last period demand (naive).

By using Holt-Winter's method, the replenishment manager can capture and model the seasonal patterns and trends in the ice cream demand, allowing for more accurate predictions. This is particularly important in the context of the business where demand peaks during specific seasons and holidays.

It is worth noting that the choice of the forecasting technique depends on the specific characteristics of the data and the underlying patterns. It is recommended to analyze the historical data and evaluate different forecasting methods to determine the most appropriate technique for a particular business context.

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This cosine function has a midline of y = 5, an amplitude of 3, a period of 1, and a horizontal shift of 1/4 to the right.

To create a cosine function with the given characteristics, we can start with the general form of a cosine function:

f(x) = A * cos(B(x - h)) + k Where:

A represents the amplitude,

B represents the frequency (inverse of the period),

h represents the horizontal shift, and

k represents the vertical shift (midline).

In this case, the given characteristics are:

Amplitude (A) = 3,

Period (T) = 1,

Horizontal shift (h) = 1/4 to the right,

Vertical shift (midline) (k) = 5.

Since the period (T) is 1, we can determine the frequency (B) using the formula B = 2π/T = 2π/1 = 2π.

Plugging in the given values into the general form, we get:

f(x) = 3 * cos(2π(x - 1/4)) + 5.

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The equation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point (1, -1, 3) is -x + 2y + 12z = 33.

To find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface given by 2z² - y² - x = -12 at the point (1, -1, 3), we can follow these steps:

Start with the equation of the surface: 2z² - y² - x = -12.

Calculate the partial derivatives of the equation with respect to x, y, and z:

∂/∂x (2z² - y² - x) = -1

∂/∂y (2z² - y² - x) = -2y

∂/∂z (2z² - y² - x) = 4z

Evaluate the partial derivatives at the given point (1, -1, 3):

∂/∂x (2(3)² - (-1)² - 1) = -1

∂/∂y (2(3)² - (-1)² - 1) = -2(-1) = 2

∂/∂z (2(3)² - (-1)² - 1) = 4(3) = 12

Use the partial derivatives and the point (1, -1, 3) to construct the equation of the tangent plane:

-1(x - 1) + 2(y + 1) + 12(z - 3) = 0

-x + 1 + 2y + 2 + 12z - 36 = 0

-x + 2y + 12z - 33 = 0

Simplify the equation to obtain the final equation of the tangent plane:

-x + 2y + 12z = 33.

Therefore, the equation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point (1, -1, 3) is -x + 2y + 12z = 33.

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The positive integers c, with c<100, that make the quadratic [tex]3x^{2} +20x+C[/tex]have rational roots are 12 and 25.

A quadratic has rational roots if and only if its discriminant is a perfect square. The discriminant of [tex]3x^{2} +20x+C[/tex] is 400−36c. For c<100, the discriminant is a perfect square if and only if [tex]400=36c-m^{2}[/tex] for some integer m. This equation simplifies to [tex]36c=400-m^{2}[/tex]

For c<100, the only possible values of c that satisfy this equation are c=12 and c=25.

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The solution to the given second-order initial value problem is

y = [tex]8e^{-x-1}[/tex].

To find a solution to the second-order initial value problem (IVP) y" - y = 0 with the given initial conditions y(-1) = 8 and y'(-1) = -8, we can use the two-parameter family of solutions y = c₁[tex]e^x[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{-x}[/tex].

By substituting the initial conditions into the equation, we can determine the values of the parameters c₁ and c₂ and obtain the specific solution for the IVP.

The given differential equation is y" - y = 0, which is a second-order linear homogeneous differential equation.

The two-parameter family of solutions for this equation is y = cc₁[tex]e^x[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{-x}[/tex], where c₁ and c₂ are arbitrary constants.

To find the specific solution that satisfies the initial conditions, we substitute the values of y(-1) = 8 and y'(-1) = -8 into the equation.

Substituting x = -1 into the equation y = c₁[tex]e^x[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{-x}[/tex], we have:

8 = c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] + c₂e

Substituting x = -1 into the equation y' = c₁[tex]e^x[/tex] - c₂[tex]e^{-x}[/tex], we have:

-8 = c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] - c₂e

We now have a system of two equations:

8 = c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] + c₂e

-8 = c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] - c₂e

To solve this system of equations, we can add the two equations together to eliminate the exponential terms:

8 - 8 = c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] + c₂e + c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] - c₂e

0 = 2c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex]

From this equation, we can see that 2c₁[tex]e^{-1}[/tex] = 0, which implies that c₁ = 0.

Substituting c₁ = 0 into one of the original equations, we have:

8 = 0 + c₂e

8 = c₂e

Now, we can solve for c₂ by dividing both sides by e:

c₂ = 8/e

Therefore, the specific solution for the second-order initial value problem is:

y = c₁[tex]e^x[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{-x}[/tex]

y = 0 + (8/e)[tex]e^{-x}[/tex]

y = [tex]8e^{-x-1}[/tex]

So, the solution to the given second-order initial value problem is y = [tex]8e^{-x-1}[/tex].

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a) For every integer n, if n^3 is even, then n is even.

b) For every integer n, if n^2−2n+7 is even, then n is odd.

c) For every integer n, if n^2 is not divisible by 4, then n is odd.

d) For every pair of integers x and y, if xy is even, then x is even or y is even.

To prove each statement by contrapositive, we will negate the original statement and prove the negation. If the negation of the statement is true, then the original statement is also true.

a) Original statement: For every integer n, if n^3 is even, then n is even.

Contrapositive statement: For every integer n, if n is not even, then n^3 is not even.

To prove the contrapositive, we need to show that if n is not even, then n^3 is not even.

If n is not even, then it must be odd. Let's assume n = 2k + 1, where k is an integer.

Substituting this value of n into n^3, we get:

n^3 = (2k + 1)^3 = 8k^3 + 12k^2 + 6k + 1

We can see that n^3 is of the form 8k^3 + 12k^2 + 6k + 1, which is an odd number. Therefore, the contrapositive statement is true, and by contrapositive, the original statement is also true.

b) Original statement: For every integer n, if n^2−2n+7 is even, then n is odd.

Contrapositive statement: For every integer n, if n is even, then n^2−2n+7 is not even.

To prove the contrapositive, we need to show that if n is even, then n^2−2n+7 is not even.

If n is even, then it can be written as n = 2k, where k is an integer.

Substituting this value of n into n^2−2n+7, we get:

n^2−2n+7 = (2k)^2−2(2k)+7 = 4k^2−4k+7

We can see that n^2−2n+7 is of the form 4k^2−4k+7, which is an odd number. Therefore, the contrapositive statement is true, and by contrapositive, the original statement is also true.

c) Original statement: For every integer n, if n^2 is not divisible by 4, then n is odd.

Contrapositive statement: For every integer n, if n is even, then n^2 is divisible by 4.

To prove the contrapositive, we need to show that if n is even, then n^2 is divisible by 4.

If n is even, then it can be written as n = 2k, where k is an integer.

Substituting this value of n into n^2, we get:

n^2 = (2k)^2 = 4k^2

We can see that n^2 is of the form 4k^2, which is divisible by 4. Therefore, the contrapositive statement is true, and by contrapositive, the original statement is also true.

d) Original statement: For every pair of integers x and y, if xy is even, then x is even or y is even.

Contrapositive statement: For every pair of integers x and y, if x is odd and y is odd, then xy is not even.

To prove the contrapositive, we need to show that if x is odd and y is odd, then xy is not even.

If x is odd, then it can be written as x = 2k + 1, where k is an integer.

If y is odd, then it can be written as y = 2m + 1, where m is an integer.

Substituting these values of x and y into xy, we get:

xy = (2k + 1)(2m + 1) = 4km + 2k + 2m + 1

We can see that xy is of the form 4km + 2k + 2m + 1, which is an odd number. Therefore, the contrapositive statement is true, and by contrapositive, the original statement is also true.

In summary, we have proven each statement by its contrapositive. The original statements are as follows:

a) For every integer n, if n^3 is even, then n is even.

b) For every integer n, if n^2−2n+7 is even, then n is odd.

c) For every integer n, if n^2 is not divisible by 4, then n is odd.

d) For every pair of integers x and y, if xy is even, then x is even or y is even.

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