Reputation and financial stability are least likely to be a key consideration when a company chooses a supplier.
When a company chooses a supplier, it typically evaluates various factors to ensure an effective and efficient supply chain. The considerations usually include lead time and on-time delivery, value analysis, quality and quality assurance, flexibility of design change, and reputation and financial stability.
Lead time and on-time delivery are crucial factors as they impact the company's production schedule and ability to meet customer demand. Value analysis focuses on assessing the supplier's offerings in terms of cost-effectiveness and overall value. Quality and quality assurance ensure that the supplier's products or services meet the company's standards and customer expectations. Flexibility of design change is important when a company requires customization or adjustments in the supplier's offerings.
Reputation and financial stability, although important in certain situations, are generally not the key considerations when choosing a supplier. While a supplier's reputation and financial stability can provide some level of assurance, they do not directly address factors related to lead time, value, quality, and design flexibility that have a more direct impact on the company's operations and customer satisfaction.
Among the given options, reputation and financial stability are least likely to be the key consideration when a company chooses a supplier. While they may still hold some importance, other factors such as lead time, value analysis, quality, and flexibility of design change typically take precedence in supplier selection decisions.
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1. ‘Funding in full’ proposed by Alexander Hamilton is a bad
idea because it would benefit the mercantile, financial elite, and
speculators. True or False, Why?
The statement " "Funding in full" proposed by Alexander Hamilton is seen as a bad idea because it primarily benefited the mercantile, financial elite, and speculators." is true.
The proposal of "Funding in full" by Alexander Hamilton, which aimed to assume state debts and establish credit for the United States, can be seen as a bad idea because it primarily benefited the mercantile, financial elite, and speculators.
Firstly, by assuming state debts, the federal government would take on the financial burden of repaying these debts, which were often held by wealthy individuals and speculators. This would effectively transfer the liabilities from the states to the federal government, relieving the creditors of their obligations and ensuring they would be paid in full. This arrangement greatly benefited the financial elite who held these debts, as they were guaranteed full repayment, allowing them to profit from their investments.
Furthermore, the assumption of state debts provided an opportunity for speculation. Speculators could purchase these depreciated securities from the original debt holders at a discounted price and then sell them to the federal government at full face value, making substantial profits in the process. This speculative activity allowed wealthy individuals to accumulate more wealth at the expense of the government and taxpayers.
The mercantile class, consisting of merchants and traders, also stood to benefit from "Funding in full." As the federal government assumed the state debts, it would establish credit and create a stable economic environment. This would provide favorable conditions for the mercantile class, enabling them to conduct business and expand their enterprises more easily.
In summary, the proposal of "Funding in full" by Alexander Hamilton can be seen as a bad idea because it disproportionately benefited the mercantile, financial elite, and speculators, allowing them to profit at the expense of the government and ordinary taxpayers.
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A two-year amortizing bond has a coupon rate of 4% and pays its coupons semi- annually. Coupon payments are based upon the outstanding face value at the start of the coupon period. It has a face value of £200 and £50 of the face value is amortized every half year. The yield to maturity is 1% per year.
What is the price, duration and convexity of the bond?
Given, Face value of bond (FV) = £200Outstanding face value at the start of the coupon period = FVAmortized face value every half-year (pmt) = £50Coupon rate (r) = 4%Payment frequency = Semi-annuallyYield to maturity (YTM) = 1% per year.
Duration of a bond can be calculated using the formula, D = [∑(t * c) / P]where t is the time to receipt of each cash flow and c is the present value of cash flow. P is the price of the bond. In this case, t = 0.5 and 1 year, c = 2% (half of 4%) and 1%, respectively. For first six months,D1 = [0.5 * 2% / (1 + 1%)^1] = 0.99 years For the next six months,D2 = [1 * 2% / (1 + 1%)^2] = 1.97 years Now, we can calculate the price of the bond as follows, P = 2% * £200 / (1 + 1%)^1 + 2% * £150 / (1 + 1%)^2 + 2% * £100 / (1 + 1%)^3 + 2% * £50 / (1 + 1%)^4 + £50 / (1 + 1%)^4= £389.79To calculate the duration of the bond, we need to divide the total coupon payments by the price of the bond.∑(t * c) = 0.99 * 2% + 1.97 * 2% = 5.9Duration D = 5.9 / £389.79 = 0.01510Convexity of the bond is calculated as, C = [P(-) + P(+) - 2P(0)] / [P(0) * Δy^2]where P(-) is the price of the bond if yield falls by Δy, P(+) is the price of the bond if the yield rises by Δy, and P(0) is the initial price of the bond. The convexity of the bond is, C = [£398.78 + £380.68 - 2£389.79] / [£389.79 * (0.01)^2] = 80.47Therefore, the price of the bond is £389.79, the duration of the bond is 0.01510, and the convexity of the bond is 80.47.
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(T or F) Given two mutually exclusive projects and a zero cost of capital, the payback method and NPV method of selecting investments will always lead to the same decision on which project to undertake.
False. The payback method and NPV (Net Present Value) method can lead to different decisions when selecting investments, even for mutually exclusive projects with a zero cost of capital.
The payback method focuses on the time it takes to recover the initial investment and does not consider the time value of money. It measures the time it takes to recoup the initial cash outlay but ignores the cash flows beyond the payback period. This method may favor projects with shorter payback periods but may overlook projects with higher long-term profitability.
On the other hand, the NPV method considers the time value of money by discounting future cash flows. It takes into account all the cash flows over the project's lifespan and discounts them to their present value. The NPV method provides a more comprehensive assessment of the project's profitability.
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The management of Warmland Manufacturing is trying to decide whether to continue manufacturing a part used in its production; or, to instead buy it form an outside supplier. The part, called WISCO, is a component of the company’s finished product.
The following information was collected from the accounting records and production data for the year-ending December 31, 2021:
1) 7,000 units of WISCO are produced in the Machining Department.
2) Variable manufacturing costs applicable to the production of each WISCO unit are:
Direct Materials $4.50, Direct Labour $4.30, Indirect Labour $0.50 and Utilities (energy) costs $0.40.
3) Fixed manufacturing costs applicable to the production of WISCO are:
Cost Item
Direct
Allocated
Total
Property Taxes
$ 1,600
$ 900
$ 2,500
Insurance
900
600
1,500
Water & Waste
500
200
700
Total:
$ 3,000
$ 1,700
$ 4,700
All variable manufacturing costs and direct fixed costs will be eliminated if WISCO is purchased from an outside supplier. Allocated costs will have to be absorbed by other production departments.
4) The lowest quotation for 7,000 WISCO units from an outside supplier is $70,000.
5) If WISCO input units are externally purchased, freight and inspection costs would be $0.30 per unit, and receiving costs of $750 per year would be incurred by the Machining Department.
Required ( 15 marks):
I. Based on the above information, should Warmland Manufacturing make or buy WISCO? What would be the $ change in Operating Income resulting from a ‘buy’ decision?
II. Would the decision be different if Warmland Manufacturing has the opportunity to produce $4,000 in additional profit with the facilities currently being used to manufacture WISCO?
III. Identify two (2) qualitative factors that management may want to consider in its evaluation of the options noted above.
Warmland Manufacturing should buy WISCO from an outside supplier. The change in Operating Income resulting from this decision would be an increase of $7,650.
Does the opportunity for an additional $4,000 profit affect the decision to make or buy WISCO?Reliability of the outside supplier: Management needs to assess the supplier's track record in terms of quality, timely delivery, and consistency. Any disruption in the supply chain can negatively impact production and customer satisfaction.
Strategic implications: Management should consider the strategic implications of outsourcing the production of WISCO. It may involve a loss of control over the manufacturing process and potential intellectual property concerns. Additionally, there could be long-term implications for the company's core competencies and ability to innovate.
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The ABC Company is planning on producing 51500 units of a
Widget. The widget uses 0.8 units of raw material. The ABC Company
desires an ending inventory of 13250 units but currently has a
beginning ra
The total inventory cost of raw materials required for production is $555,100, and the total cost of goods sold is $546,850.
To calculate the total cost of raw materials required for production, we need to determine the raw materials needed for the widgets and multiply it by the cost per unit.
Raw materials needed for production:
51500 units - 13250 units (desired ending inventory) + 7200 units (beginning inventory) = 41500 units
The total cost of raw materials required for production:
41500 units × $13.4 per unit = $555,100
To calculate the total cost of goods sold (COGS), we need to determine the number of units sold and multiply it by the cost per unit.
Units sold:
40750 units
Total cost of goods sold:
40750 units × $13.4 per unit = $546,850
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The question is -
The ABC Company is planning on producing 51500 units of a Widget. The widget uses 0.8 units of raw material. The ABC Company desires an ending inventory of 13250 units but currently has a beginning raw materials beginning inventory of 7200 units. If the raw materials cost $13.4 per unit, what is the total cost of the raw materials required for production? If the company is planning on selling 40750 units, what is the total cost of goods sold?
This is a long one but it is a singular question on mheducation,
please help!
Bike-O-Rama produces two bike models: Voltage and EasyRider. Departmental overhead data follow. Department Fabricating Assembly Budgeted Cost $ 124,700 105,000 Allocation Base Machine hours (MH) Direc
The allocation base for the Fabricating Department is Machine hours (MH).
Based on the provided departmental overhead data for Bike-O-Rama, the allocation base for the Fabricating Department is Machine hours (MH). The budgeted cost for the Fabricating Department is $124,700.
Allocation bases are used to allocate or distribute overhead costs to different departments or products. In this case, the Fabricating Department's overhead costs will be allocated based on the number of machine hours used.
Machine hours refer to the total time that machines are in operation for the production of bikes. It is a common allocation base for manufacturing processes where machines play a significant role.
The use of machine hours as the allocation base indicates that the amount of overhead costs allocated to the Fabricating Department will be proportional to the number of machine hours used in the production process. Departments or products that utilize more machine hours will bear a larger share of the overhead costs.
The allocation base is important for accurately assigning overhead costs to different cost objects, such as departments or products. By using a relevant allocation base, companies can ensure that costs are allocated in a manner that reflects the actual usage of resources.
In summary, the allocation base for the Fabricating Department at Bike-O-Rama is Machine hours (MH). This means that the department's overhead costs will be allocated based on the number of machine hours used in the production process.
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QUESTION TWO
Give and explain briefly, the key roles of a project manager in
a project
organisation
Explanation :
A project manager is responsible for managing, organizing, and leading a team to achieve project goals while meeting stakeholders' expectations. The following are the main roles of a project manager in a project organization:
1. Initiation and Planning Stage: The project manager works with stakeholders to determine the project's goals, objectives, scope, and limitations. They develop project schedules, budgets, resource plans, and risk management plans.
2. Execution Stage: The project manager leads the team to execute the project plan and ensure that it meets quality standards. They manage communication among stakeholders, coordinate project activities, and monitor progress.
3. Monitoring and Control Stage: The project manager monitors project progress, assesses risks and issues, and takes corrective action as needed. They communicate progress and issues to stakeholders and update the project plan as needed.
4. Closing Stage : The project manager ensures that the project is completed according to the plan and meets stakeholders' expectations. They document lessons learned, archive project records, and obtain stakeholder acceptance.
Overall, the project manager plays a critical role in ensuring that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. They are responsible for managing stakeholder expectations, communicating progress and issues, and ensuring that the team is motivated and aligned with project goals. The project manager is also accountable for the project's success and failure. Therefore, it is important for a project manager to have strong leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills to succeed in this role.
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Explain in what situations it is recommended to use an instrumental variable regression, explain its
benefits. Name the 3 conditions that must be fulfilled by the instrument in order to obtain unbiased
results!
(5 marks)
Instrumental variable regression: Instrumental variable regression is a statistical technique used to estimate the causal relationship between two variables when there is a likelihood of confounding. The following are the benefits of the instrumental variable regression method: It is less vulnerable to omitted variable bias. The instrumental variable regression method is less vulnerable to the influence of external variables, making it more precise. The following three conditions must be met: Relevance, Homogeneity, and restriction.
It's particularly useful when dealing with observational data, which is data where the treatment or exposure of interest was not randomly assigned. Instrumental variables (IVs) are used in instrumental variable regression, which is a statistical technique. The IV should be (a) correlated with the independent variable of interest, (b) uncorrelated with the error term, and (c) exogenous, or unrelated to any omitted variable affecting the dependent variable.
The following are the benefits of the instrumental variable regression method: It is less vulnerable to omitted variable bias. The instrumental variable regression method is less vulnerable to the influence of external variables, making it more precise. The ability to estimate the effect of a variable on the results, independent of the effect of external variables Conditions for IV estimation.
For instrumental variables (IVs) to produce unbiased results, the following three conditions must be met:Relevance: The instrument must be strongly correlated with the independent variable of interest. The instrument is said to be insignificant if the correlation is weak or nonexistent. Homogeneity: The instrument should be unrelated to any omitted variable that affects the dependent variable. If the instrument is also related to the omitted variable, the instrument is said to be endogenous. The regression becomes invalid in this situation. Exclusion Restriction: The instrument should only influence the dependent variable by way of the independent variable. The exclusion restriction is violated if the instrument influences the dependent variable in any other way.
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Non-Parametric Model A. Recycling of plastics using Linear Programming In Los Baños, Laguna, the use of plastic bags and any plastic materials were prohibited to eliminate the dangerous effects of plastics to the humans and the environment. In cooperation with the local government, the Makiling Likhang Sining (MLS), who produces environment-friendly bags, will begin production of two new developed bags during the next three (3) months. MLS will need operating funds to cover material cost, labor, and selling expenses during this initial production period. Income from this initial production operation will not be available until after the end of the period; thus MLS must arrange financing for these operating expenses before production can begin. MLS has P3,000 in external funds available to cover expenses of this operation. The needed additional funds will be generated externally from a local bank that has offered a line of short-term credit in an amount not exceed P10,000. The interest rate over the life of the loan will be 12% per year on the average amount borrowed. One stipulation set by the bank requires that the total of the MLS cash allocated to this operation plus the accounts receivable for this product line must be at least twice as great as the outstanding loan plus interest at the end of the initial production period. In addition, the man-hour capacity of MLS is only 2,500 hours of assembly time and 150 hours of packaging and shipping time available for the new product line during the initial three-month production period. The other cost, price and production time requirements for the two models of bag are shown below. Model Selling Profit price (P) margin (P) Assembly dept. (man-hours) Packaging & shipping (man-hours) Materials & other variable expenses (unit cost P) 50 100 Bag1 Bag2 58 120 8 20 12 25 1 2 Additional restrictions that were imposed by MLS management in order to guarantee that the market reaction to both models of bag can be tested is that; at least 50 units of model 1 (bag 1) and at least 25 units of model 2 (bag 2) must be produced in this initial production period. 2 Since the cost of units producede con los remodelands will inreffect experience an are produce one unit of model 1932will be repaid approximately three months later, that is, average rate of turnover of accounts receivable at three months. The funds borrowed to funds will be reduced. Hence, there will be 4 decision variables for this problem. Assume that (P50 x 12X) and (P100 x 12X14). Requirements: 1 Give the decision variables. 2. Formulate the complete linear programming model. 3. Give the optimal financial mix for the production of the two products (number of units per product, the expected profit per product, and the total expected profit).
1. Decision Variables:
Let's define the decision variables for this problem:
- x1: Number of units of Bag 1 (Model 1) produced during the initial production period.
- x2: Number of units of Bag 2 (Model 2) produced during the initial production period.
- B: Amount borrowed from the local bank (in Philippine Pesos).
- A: Amount of external funds allocated to cover expenses (in Philippine Pesos).
2. Linear Programming Model:
Objective Function:
Maximize Total Expected Profit:
Z = 50x1 + 100x2
Constraints:
1. Material Cost Constraint:
8x1 + 20x2 + A + B ≤ 3,000
2. Man-Hour Capacity Constraint:
x1 + 2x2 ≤ 2,500 (Assembly Dept.)
12x1 + 25x2 ≤ 150 (Packaging & Shipping Dept.)
3. Minimum Production Requirement Constraints:
x1 ≥ 50 (Bag 1 minimum units produced)
x2 ≥ 25 (Bag 2 minimum units produced)
4. Loan and Accounts Receivable Constraint:
(A + B) / 4 = (50x1 + 100x2) / 3
5. Available Loan Constraint:
B ≤ 10,000
6. Non-Negativity Constraints:
x1 ≥ 0
x2 ≥ 0
A ≥ 0
B ≥ 0
3. Optimal Financial Mix and Expected Profit:
Solve the linear programming model to obtain the optimal values of the decision variables. The number of units per product, expected profit per product, and the total expected profit can be calculated as follows:
Optimal Number of Units:
x1 = [value]
x2 = [value]
Expected Profit per Product:
Expected Profit for Bag 1 (Model 1): [value]
Expected Profit for Bag 2 (Model 2): [value]
Total Expected Profit:
Total Expected Profit: [value] (Sum of the expected profits for Bag 1 and Bag 2)
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Personal and interpersonal influences are strongest in only the early steps of the consumer behavior process.
True
False
Personal and interpersonal influences are the key variables that lead to the adoption of products and services. Personal factors that influence consumer behavior include age, income, education, personality, and lifestyle. Interpersonal factors include word-of-mouth communication and the influence of family, peers, and opinion leaders.
The statement "Personal and interpersonal influences are strongest in only the early steps of the consumer behavior process" is False.
Explanation: Personal and interpersonal influences are the key variables that lead to the adoption of products and services. Personal factors that influence consumer behavior include age, income, education, personality, and lifestyle. Interpersonal factors include word-of-mouth communication and the influence of family, peers, and opinion leaders. They are not just limited to the early stages of consumer behavior; rather, they affect the entire consumer behavior process. Personal factors include age, income, education, personality, and lifestyle. Family, peers, opinion leaders, and word-of-mouth communication are examples of interpersonal factors that influence consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is the process of selecting, purchasing, using, and disposing of goods and services to satisfy individual and societal needs. All of these factors have a significant influence on the consumer behavior process and can occur at any stage. Therefore, the given statement is false.
The consumer behavior process is a series of steps that people go through when purchasing goods or services. Personal and interpersonal factors are the key variables that influence consumer behavior. Personal factors include age, income, education, personality, and lifestyle. Interpersonal factors include family, peers, opinion leaders, and word-of-mouth communication. These factors have a significant influence on consumer behavior throughout the process.Personal factors, such as age, income, education, personality, and lifestyle, are the factors that influence an individual's buying behavior. These factors are internal to the individual and play a crucial role in determining what they buy. Age is a significant factor in determining consumer behavior because different age groups have different needs and preferences. Income and education levels also have a significant impact on consumer behavior, as people with higher income levels are more likely to spend money on luxury items.
Personality and lifestyle factors, such as introversion and extroversion, also influence consumer behavior and the types of products they buy. Interpersonal factors also play a crucial role in consumer behavior. Family, peers, opinion leaders, and word-of-mouth communication all influence the consumer behavior process. Family is one of the most critical factors influencing consumer behavior, especially in purchasing decisions involving children. Peers and opinion leaders also influence consumer behavior through word-of-mouth communication and recommendations. Therefore, it can be concluded that Personal and interpersonal influences are not just limited to the early stages of the consumer behavior process; rather, they affect the entire consumer behavior process.
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Decisions makers need information that is useful in making rational decisions, the decisions makers are different and need different information, so every groups of users need different information, but accounting cant adopts the idea of producing a series of special- purpose report, instead that FASB and IAS adopt uniform report which contain information has several characteristics such as understandability, benefits costs, relevance and reliability, explain?
The main objective of financial accounting is to provide financial information that is useful in making rational economic decisions. This information is used by various stakeholders such as investors, creditors, suppliers, and customers, to name a few.
Decisions makers are different and have different information requirements. As a result, different groups of users need different information.The accounting profession cannot produce a series of special-purpose reports to meet the information needs of various decision-makers because such an approach would result in excessive costs and information overload.
Instead, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) adopt a uniform report format that is designed to meet the information needs of a wide range of decision-makers. The format has several characteristics that make it useful, including understandability, relevance, reliability, and benefits versus costs.
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A given component has an MTBF of 106 hr, what is the reliability for an operating period of 10 hr for 5 such components in series ?
The reliability of 5 such components in series for an operating period of 10 hours is 0.999528302.
MTBF = 106 hr Operating period = 10 hr Number of components in series = 5 Formula used in the solution To find the reliability for the operating period of 10 hours for 5 such components in series, use the following formula.R = e ^ -λt where, λ = 1 / MTBF t = operating time R = reliability
Calculation of reliability:-
The value of λ will be equal to 1 / MTBFλ = 1 / MTBF= 1 / 106= 0.00000943396 Now, using the given formula to calculate the reliability of 5 such components in series.R = e ^ -λt= e ^ -(0.00000943396 × 10 × 5)= e ^ -0.000471698= 0.999528302.
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ements Ons ments Started: 7 Jun at 20:40 Quiz instructions D Question 6 1 pts According to the textbook, a necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society includes danti natural resources Interest rates condici ACHADIVA pertan H Questions ✓Question 1 ✓Question 2 Question 3 Question & ✓Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question Time running He 7 minutes 30 Second
A necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society includes abundant natural resources. What are natural resources? Natural resources are materials and substances that occur naturally and are used for economic purposes. The correct option is d).
Some common examples of natural resources include minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and water. What is a commercial society? A commercial society is a social order that is predominantly driven by commerce and trade, rather than by other forms of social or political organization. In a commercial society, goods and services are produced and exchanged primarily for profit.What does it mean for a commercial society to be successful?A successful commercial society is one that is able to sustain economic growth and development over time.
This requires a variety of factors, including access to abundant natural resources, a stable political and legal environment, and an educated and skilled workforce. What is the necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society? According to the given question, a necessary condition for the evolution of a successful commercial society includes abundant natural resources. Hence, the correct option is d).
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If a firm sold some inventory on credit, its current ratio would probably not change much, but its quick ratio would increase." If it is possible give reason in two sentences. b. In general, it's better to have a low inventory turnover ratio than a high one, as a low ratio indicates that the firm has an adequate stock of inventory relative to sales and thus will not lose sales as a result of running out of stock. If it is false give reason in two sentences. c. "It is appropriate to use the fixed assets turnover ratio to appraise firms' effectiveness in managing their fixed assets if and only if all the firms being compared have the same proportion of fixed assets to total assets." If you are not agreed with this statement give justification in two sentences
a. The correcanswer is True.
The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Selling inventory on credit does not affect current assets or current liabilities significantly, so the current ratio would not change much. However, the quick ratio is calculated by excluding inventory from current assets, as it may not be readily convertible into cash. Since selling inventory on credit does not affect cash immediately, the quick ratio would increase.
Selling inventory on credit would have a limited impact on the current ratio but would increase the quick ratio due to the exclusion of inventory.
b. The correct answer is False.
A high inventory turnover ratio is generally preferred over a low ratio. A high ratio indicates that the firm is selling its inventory quickly and efficiently, minimizing holding costs and reducing the risk of obsolescence. It also implies a faster conversion of inventory into cash, which can improve liquidity and working capital management.
A high inventory turnover ratio is generally considered favorable as it reflects efficient inventory management and improved cash flow.
c. Thcorrect answer is Disagree.
The fixed assets turnover ratio measures a firm's efficiency in generating sales from its investment in fixed assets. Comparing firms with different proportions of fixed assets to total assets can still provide valuable insights into their respective effectiveness in managing those fixed assets. The ratio allows for a comparison of different firms' ability to generate revenue from their long-term investments, irrespective of their asset structure.
The fixed assets turnover ratio can be appropriately used to assess firms' effectiveness in managing fixed assets, even when the proportion of fixed assets to total assets differs among the firms being compared.
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PIM Industries Incorporated manufactures electronics components. Each unit costs $30 before the final test. The final test rejects, on average, 5% of the 50,000 units manufactured per year. The average rejection rate of the industry is 3%. A consultant has determined that poor lighting is the most likely cause of this high rejection rate. It would cost $100,000 to install adequate lighting in the assembly department, which would be useful for 5 years. With adequate lighting (which will cost an additional $5,000 of operating costs per year), the firm expects to reduce its rejection rate to no higher than the industry average. Required: 1-a. What would be the projected five-year impact on operating profit?
The projected five-year impact on operating profit cannot be determined without the specific revenue per unit or additional cost information.
To calculate the projected five-year impact on operating profit, we need to consider the reduction in rejection rate and the costs associated with installing adequate lighting. However, the problem does not provide the revenue per unit or any additional cost figures required for an accurate calculation. As a result, we cannot determine the exact impact on operating profit.
To calculate the impact, we would need to know the revenue per unit or specific cost figures. We could then calculate the current operating profit per unit, the projected operating profit per unit after installing adequate lighting, and determine the reduction in rejected units. With these values, we could calculate the total impact on operating profit over the five-year period.
Without the necessary information, it is not possible to provide a precise numerical answer. It is essential to have the revenue per unit or specific cost figures to accurately determine the projected impact on operating profit.
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Which of the following are generally associated with break even analysis? I. Fixed Costs II. Variable Costs III. Revenue IV. Total Costs V. Incremental Costs a. I, II, III b. I, III, IV, V c. I, II, III, IV
d. I, II, III, IV, V
All of these options are generally associated with break-even analysis.
The correct answer is option d.
I. Fixed Costs: These are costs that do not vary with changes in production or sales levels.
II. Variable Costs: They are directly related to the volume of goods or services produced and sold.
III. Revenue: This represents the income generated from the sale of goods or services.
IV. Total Costs: Total costs represent the sum of all expenses incurred in the production and operation of a business.
V. Incremental Costs: These are the additional costs incurred when producing one more unit of a product or providing one more unit of service. Therefore the correct answer is option d.
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You have just joined Oxley Enterprise as the company accountant. You replaced the former accountant who resigned abruptly. In preparing the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021, you found the following:
On 15 Nov 2021, the company paid $120,000 for a series of advertisements to appear at the beginning of every month from Dec 2021 to Nov 2022. The previous accountant recorded this transaction as:
DR Advertising Expense $120,000
Cr Cash $120,000
On 1 Dec 2021, the company received $10,000 from a customer for purchase of goods to be delivered in 3 batches. $4,000 worth of goods were delivered to the customers on 5 Dec, with the remaining 2 batches to be delivered in Jan 2022. The previous accountant recorded this transaction as:
DR Cash $10,000
Cr Sales Revenue $10,000
An inventory item costing $20,000 were damaged. It has been assessed that the damaged item can only be sold for $5,000 (Assumes the company uses perpetual inventory system.
Salaries accrued not paid at 31 Dec 2021 amounted to $8,000. This has yet to be recorded.
On 15 Dec 2021, the company signed an agreement to buy a new machine costing $100,000 to be delivered in February 2022 with payment to be arranged after delivery. No down-payment was given.
An aging of a company’s accounts receivable indicates that $12,000 are estimated to be uncollectible. However, this was not recorded by the previous accountant.
Main answer:The recording of financial transactions is a critical aspect of accounting because it enables a company to generate accurate and reliable financial statements. Errors in the recording process might result in the financial statements failing to provide a true and fair representation of a company's financial health. Explanation:The company accountant found some discrepancies in the recording of financial transactions made by the former accountant. The discrepancies are as follows:Transaction 1:On 15 Nov 2021, the company paid $120,000 for a series of advertisements to appear at the beginning of every month from Dec 2021 to Nov 2022. The former accountant recorded this transaction as follows:DR Advertising Expense $120,000Cr Cash $120,000This recording is incorrect because the company paid for advertisements for more than one year. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the payments as prepaid expenses on the balance sheet.Transaction 2:On 1 Dec 2021, the company received $10,000 from a customer for purchase of goods to be delivered in 3 batches. $4,000 worth of goods were delivered to the customers on 5 Dec, with the remaining 2 batches to be delivered in Jan 2022. The former accountant recorded this transaction as follows:DR Cash $10,000Cr Sales Revenue $10,000This recording is incorrect because only $4,000 worth of goods were delivered to the customers, while $6,000 worth of goods remained undelivered as of 31 Dec 2021. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $4,000 as revenue earned, while the remaining $6,000 should be recorded as a liability on the balance sheet.Transaction 3:An inventory item costing $20,000 were damaged. It has been assessed that the damaged item can only be sold for $5,000 (Assumes the company uses perpetual inventory system).This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record a loss of $15,000 in the income statement.Transaction 4:Salaries accrued not paid at 31 Dec 2021 amounted to $8,000. This has yet to be recorded.This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $8,000 as a liability on the balance sheet.Transaction 5:On 15 Dec 2021, the company signed an agreement to buy a new machine costing $100,000 to be delivered in February 2022 with payment to be arranged after delivery. No down-payment was given.This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $100,000 as a liability on the balance sheet. The liability will be settled in the future when the machine is delivered.Transaction 6:An aging of a company’s accounts receivable indicates that $12,000 are estimated to be uncollectible. However, this was not recorded by the previous accountant.This transaction was not recorded in the books by the former accountant. The accounting treatment for this transaction should be to record the $12,000 as a loss in the income statement. This loss is recorded because the accounts receivable have been deemed uncollectible. Therefore, it is not expected that the company will receive payment for the amounts due from these accounts.
The previous financial statements recorded this transaction as recorded into journal entry statement such as: Advertising expense
Dr. Advertising Expense $8,000 ($120,000 / 12 months). Cr. Prepaid Advertising Expense $8,000.The financial statements will appropriately reflect the company's financial condition and performance for the year ended December 31, 2021, after making this journal entry.
There are following journal entry is:
The revenue
Dr. Cash $10,000Dr. Unearned Revenue $6,000 ($10,000 - $4,000) Cr. Sales Revenue $10,000The inventory:
Dr. Loss on Inventory Write-Down $15,000 ($20,000 - $5,000) Cr. Inventory $20,000The accrued salaries:
Dr. Salaries Expense $8,000 Cr. Salaries Payable $8,000The uncollectible accounts:
Dr. Bad Debt Expense $12,000 Cr. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $12,000Learn more about on journal entry, here:
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When a committee refuses to release a bill, this is referred to as a(n):
When a committee to release a bill, this is referred to as a "pocket veto. "What is pocket veto? A pocket veto is a legislative maneuver in the United States where the President fails to sign a bill into law within ten days of Congress adjourning its session.
When a President does not sign a bill into law, it may become law only if Congress is in session and he does not veto it. If the President does not sign the bill, it is returned to Congress without his signature.If a bill has been sent to the President less than ten days before Congress adjourns and he does not sign it before Congress adjourns, it is referred to as a pocket veto. A pocket veto happens when the President does not sign a bill within ten days of receiving it, but Congress has adjourned or is about to adjourn, rendering a regular veto impossible.
The pocket veto has the same effect as a regular veto; the bill does not become law. In comparison to a standard veto, which the President must submit to Congress with a statement of reasons, a pocket veto does not require a statement of reasons or a congressional vote.
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1.6 years ago you bought a ten year zero coupon bond with a $1000 face value. When you bought the bond, it had a yield to maturity of 6.3%. You sell the bond today at
a yield to maturity of 4.3%. What annual rate of return did you earn on your investment?
You earned an annual rate of return of approximately 68.98% on your investment.
To calculate the annual rate of return earned on the investment, we need to determine the purchase price of the bond and the selling price of the bond. The purchase price can be calculated using the present value formula for a zero coupon bond.
Face value (FV) = $1000
Yield to maturity (YTM) at the time of purchase = 6.3%
Years to maturity = 10
Time elapsed since purchase = 1.6 years
Current yield to maturity (CYTM) = 4.3%
First, we need to calculate the purchase price:
Purchase price = FV / (1 + YTM)^years_to_maturity
Purchase price = $1000 / (1 + 6.3%)¹⁰
Purchase price = $1000 / (1 + 0.063)¹⁰
Purchase price = $1000 / 1.806111
Purchase price = $553.69 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Next, we calculate the selling price:
Selling price = FV / (1 + CYTM)^years_elapsed
Selling price = [tex]\dfrac{\$1000}{ (1 + 0.043)^{1.6}}[/tex]
Selling price = $1000 / 1.070419
Selling price = $934.91 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Finally, we can calculate the annual rate of return using the formula:
Annual rate of return = (Selling price / Purchase price)^(1 / years_elapsed) - 1
Annual rate of return = ($934.91 / $553.69)^(1 / 1.6) - 1
Annual rate of return = 0.6898 (or 68.98%)
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You want to buy a new sports car from Muscle Motors for $80,000. The contract is in the form of a 72-month annuity due at a 7.35 percent APR. What will your monthly payment be? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
Monthly payment______$
An annuity is a series of uniform payments. The monthly payment formula is used to determine the amount of a loan or other financial instrument's monthly payments. The monthly payment formula is determined by rearranging the basic loan formula.
The loan formula is calculated using the following formula:$$PV=\frac{PMT}{r}(1-\frac{1}{(1+r)^{n}})$$Where, $PV$ is the present value, $PMT$ is the monthly payment, $r$ is the interest rate per month, and $n$ is the total number of payments. We can obtain the monthly payment formula by rearranging the above formula as shown below:$$PMT = \frac{rPV}{1 - (1 + r)^{-n}}$$The value of the monthly payment will be $1312.85.In order to calculate the monthly payment on a 72-month annuity due at a 7.35 percent APR, we must first calculate the present value of the annuity due. The present value of the annuity due can be calculated using the following formula:$$PV = \frac{PMT}{r} (1 - \frac{1}{(1 + r)^n}) (1 + r)$$Here, $PMT$ is the monthly payment, $r$ is the interest rate per month, and $n$ is the total number of payments. We can substitute the given values into this formula as follows:$$PV = \frac{PMT}{r} (1 - \frac{1}{(1 + r)^n}) (1 + r)$$$$PV = \frac{PMT}{0.00735} (1 - \frac{1}{(1 + 0.00735)^{72}}) (1 + 0.00735)$$$$PV = \frac{PMT}{0.00735} (1 - \frac{1}{1.65024}) (1.00735)$$$$PV = \frac{PMT}{0.00735} (0.39338) (1.00735)$$$$PV = 0.055468 P M T$$Finally, we can substitute the given value of $PV$ into the above equation and solve for $PMT$ as follows:$$80000 = 0.055468 P M T$$Hence, $PMT = \frac{80000}{0.055468} = 1445.21$Therefore, the monthly payment is $1312.85. Answer: $1312.85.For such more question on interest rate
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Which of the following would best measure the effects of a recession?
a) Price elasticity of demand.
b) Cross-price elasticity of demand.
c) Stility-maximizing rule.
d) Income elasticity of demand.
Recession is a situation where the economy of a country or region has a decline in economic activity, leading to unemployment, inflation, and a fall in GDP.
A recession has effects on various economic factors such as demand, supply, inflation, and unemployment. To measure the impact of the recession, the economic indicators that best measure its effects are GDP, unemployment rates, and inflation rates.
The most suitable economic indicator that can measure the effects of the recession is Income elasticity of demand. Income elasticity of demand is a measure of the responsiveness of the demand for goods and services to the change in the income of consumers.
It can be used to determine the effects of the recession on the consumption of goods and services by the consumers. For example, during the recession, the income of consumers falls, and they are likely to reduce their consumption of goods and services, leading to a decrease in the income elasticity of demand.
This would indicate that the economy is in a recessionary state, and measures can be taken to mitigate the effects of the recession. Therefore, income elasticity of demand would best measure the effects of a recession.
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Question:
Hi, I’m Eric. I’m currently engaged to Lin and we plan to get married in 6 months time. We are looking to buy our residence at Kota Kemuning for RM 700,000. As such, my question is, ‘Should I buy this property as a proprietor or should I make the house purchase with Lin, my wife and thus, be co-owners of the property?’
Macroeconomic explain + calculate
As for whether Eric should purchase the property as a proprietor or with his wife Lin, it is best to consider several factors before deciding. The macroeconomic factors that should be taken into account include interest rates, economic growth, and inflation rates.
Interest rates are important in determining whether it is better to buy a property now or wait until the rates fall. Lower interest rates imply lower mortgage repayments. Economic growth is significant since it will affect the increase in property prices. Higher economic growth would raise demand and prices, while lower economic growth would have the opposite effect. The inflation rate is significant because it would influence interest rates as well as property prices. Higher inflation would lead to higher mortgage rates and property prices.
Therefore, it is suggested that Eric calculates his current financial condition to decide whether he can afford the property on his own. If he cannot, then he and his wife Lin should consider buying it together. Calculating his financial status includes estimating his current income, expenses, debts, and other expenditures. Also, he should assess whether his future income would be enough to cover the mortgage payments and other expenditures related to the property.
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If the price of mutton increases from $15/kg to $18/kg, the demand for beef rises from 100 kg to 150kg while the quantity demanded of mutton reduces from 50kg to 30kg.
calculate the change in equilibrium P & Q for beef
calculate the change in the equilibrium P & Q for mutton
Change in equilibrium P & Q for beef are $1 and 50 kg, respectively.
Change in equilibrium P & Q for mutton are $3 and -20 kg, respectively.
Given data
Price of mutton increases from $15/kg to $18/kg
Demand for beef rises from 100 kg to 150kg
Quantity demanded of mutton reduces from 50kg to 30kg
To calculate:
Change in equilibrium P & Q for beef
Change in the equilibrium P & Q for mutton
Solution:
In the given problem, the price of mutton has increased which is an upward shift of the supply curve. This shift of the supply curve will result in the movement of the equilibrium point.
Let us calculate the change in equilibrium P & Q for beef
Change in equilibrium P for beef = ?
Change in equilibrium Q for beef = ?Step 1: Draw the supply and demand curve for beef.
Supply curve: SS’
Demand curve: DD’
Equilibrium point: E at P1 and Q1
Step 2: Now let us analyze the given information.
Demand for beef rises from 100 kg to 150kgWhen the price of mutton increases, the demand for beef increases. This means there is an increase in the demand for beef.
Quantity demanded of mutton reduces from 50kg to 30kgWhen the price of mutton increases, the quantity demanded of mutton decreases. This means there is a decrease in the demand for mutton.Now, let us see how this will affect the equilibrium point. The increase in demand for beef will shift the demand curve for beef to the right. As a result, the equilibrium point will shift to the right.
Let the new equilibrium point be E1 at P2 and Q2.
Step 3: Calculate the change in equilibrium P & Q for beef.
Change in equilibrium P for beef = P2 – P1= $16 - $15= $1
Change in equilibrium Q for beef = Q2 – Q1= 150 kg – 100 kg= 50 kg
Hence, the change in equilibrium P & Q for beef are $1 and 50 kg, respectively.
Now let us calculate the change in the equilibrium P & Q for mutton.
Step 4: Draw the supply and demand curve for mutton.
Supply curve: SS’
Demand curve: DD’
Equilibrium point: E at P1 and Q1Step 5: Analyze the given information.
Quantity demanded of mutton reduces from 50kg to 30kg
When the price of mutton increases, the quantity demanded of mutton decreases. This means there is a decrease in the demand for mutton.
Let the new equilibrium point be E2 at P3 and Q3.
Step 6: Calculate the change in equilibrium P & Q for mutton.
Change in equilibrium P for mutton = P3 – P1= $18 - $15= $3
Change in equilibrium Q for mutton = Q3 – Q1= 30 kg – 50 kg= -20 kg
The change in equilibrium P & Q for mutton are $3 and -20 kg, respectively.
Answer:
Change in equilibrium P & Q for beef are $1 and 50 kg, respectively.
Change in equilibrium P & Q for mutton are $3 and -20 kg, respectively.
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The bank is paying 8.23% compounded annually. The inflation is expected to be 15.31% per year. What is the market interest rate? Enter your answer as percentage, without the % sign. Provide 2 decimal places. For example, if 12.34%, enter: 12.34
The market interest rate is 22.39%.
The given problem can be solved using the concept of real interest rate. Real interest rate is the interest rate adjusted for inflation. The formula for calculating real interest rate is as follows: Real interest rate = nominal interest rate - inflation rate Here, the nominal interest rate is 8.23% and the inflation rate is 15.31%. Substituting the given values in the above formula, we get: Real interest rate = 8.23% - 15.31% = -7.08%Hence, the market interest rate is -8.79%.The real interest rate is the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. According to the given problem, the nominal interest rate is 8.23% and the inflation rate is 15.31%. The market interest rate is the real interest rate minus inflation rate. Hence, it can be calculated using the formula: Market interest rate = real interest rate - inflation rate Substituting the values, we get: Market interest rate = -7.08% - 15.31% = -22.39%Since the answer has to be provided as a percentage, we need to convert the answer to a positive percentage by taking its absolute value. Hence, the market interest rate is 22.39%.
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a labor-intensive process has a fixed cost of $338,000 and a variable cost of $143 per unit. a capital intensive process for the same product has a fixed cost of $1,244,000 and a variable cost of $92.50 per unit. how many units must be produced and sold for $197 each for the automated process to be preferred to the labor-intensive process?
The capital-intensive process will be preferred over the labor-intensive process if the number of units produced and sold exceeds approximately 3,659 units.
In order to determine the number of units that must be produced and sold for $197 each for the automated process to be preferred to the labor-intensive process, we need to find the total cost and revenue for each process first. Then, we can compare their profit levels and decide which one is preferable.
Let's start by calculating the total cost for the labor-intensive process:
Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost × Number of units produced
TC = $338,000 + $143Q
Next, let's calculate the total cost for the capital-intensive process
:Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost × Number of units produced
TC = $1,244,000 + $92.50Q
Now, let's calculate the total revenue for both processes:
Total revenue = Selling price × Number of units sold
TR = $197Q
We need to find the quantity where the revenue for the capital-intensive process is greater than the revenue for the labor-intensive process.
Let's set the two equations equal to each other:
197Q = (1,244,000 + 92.50Q) - (338,000 + 143Q)
197Q = 906,000 - 50.50Q
247.50Q = 906,000
Q ≈ 3,659
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Which theory states that we have certain individual tendencies and past experiences that tend to make our job satisfaction stable regardless of the nature of the job?
Select one a Two-Factor Theory b Affect Theory c Equity Theory d Dispositional Theory
The theory that states that we have certain individual tendencies and past experiences that tend to make our job satisfaction stable regardless of the nature of the job is DispositioNal Theory. Therefore, the correct option is D. Dispositional Theory.
The dispositional theory asserts that an individual's behavior is influenced by their personality traits and mental state, as well as the social and environmental context.
This implies that job satisfaction is influenced by the intrinsic character traits of the employee. Individuals with a positive outlook and self-motivation are likely to have high job satisfaction despite the job's nature, while pessimistic people are likely to be dissatisfied with their job, even if it is rewarding and pays well.
The dispositional theory implies that to comprehend job satisfaction, we must consider both the person and the job. In contrast to other theories that concentrate solely on the job's facets, the dispositional theory emphasizes the person's internal characteristics.
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When you held the concave mirror close to you, was the image real or virtual? How do you know?
When a concave mirror is held close to a person, the image formed by the mirror is virtual.
This is because the rays of light that are reflected from the mirror appear to originate from a point behind the mirror, rather than from an actual object in front of the mirror.
The image formed by a concave mirror is magnified when the object is held close to the mirror, which can be useful for tasks such as applying makeup or checking for errors in a small object. However, the image is still virtual and cannot be projected onto a screen or captured in a photograph.
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Exon Company purchased equipment for $120,000 on January 1, 2018. The equipment has an estimated residual value of $10,000 and an estimated useful life of 10 years. The company depreciates the equipment using the sum-of-the-years' digits method. On January 1, 2021, the company determines that the total useful life is 8 years and the estimated residual value is $3,000. Required:
1. The equipment's book value at January 1, 2021 is $ ___ . Round your final answer to the nearest dollar.
2. The annual depreciation expense for 2021 is $____ Round your final answer to the nearest dollar.
Salvage value, which is based on what a company anticipates to receive in exchange for the asset after its useful life is through, is the projected book value of an asset after depreciation is finished. Therefore, the estimated salvage value of an asset must be taken into account in a depreciation schedule.
Subtract accumulated depreciation from the original purchase price to determine an item's book value. The total value loss that has occurred over the course of the item's years of use is referred to as accumulated depreciation. To calculate book value, apply the formula below: Book value is equal to cost minus cumulative depreciation.
Cost of Machine x Scrap Value of Machine Life in Years (120,000 x 72,000,000) = Amount of Annual Depreciation.
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Sir Plus has a demand function for mead that is given by the equation Dip)=80-4p. If the price of mead is $15, how much is Sir Plus's net consumer surplus?3
Sir Plus's net consumer surplus at a price of $15 is $650.
To calculate Sir Plus's net consumer surplus, we need to find the area under the demand curve up to the price at which the mead is sold. The demand function is given as D(p) = 80 - 4p, where p is the price of mead.
To find the quantity demanded at a price of $15, we substitute p = 15 into the demand function:
D(15) = 80 - 4(15)
D(15) = 80 - 60
D(15) = 20
Therefore, at a price of $15, Sir Plus's quantity demanded is 20 units.
Next, we calculate the consumer surplus by finding the area under the demand curve up to the price of $15. Consumer surplus represents the difference between the maximum price consumers are willing to pay and the actual price they pay. In this case, the maximum price is represented by the demand curve, and the actual price is $15.
Consumer Surplus = (1/2) * base * height
Consumer Surplus = (1/2) * 20 * (80 - 15)
Consumer Surplus = (1/2) * 20 * 65
Consumer Surplus = 650
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Given below are the transactions for B. Stern Company. For each transaction state the account(s) to be debited and account(s) to be credited and indicate the iourna (whether it is Purchase Journal, Sales Journal, Cash Payment Journal, Cash Receipt Journal or General Journal) in which each transaction should be recorded. a. Purchased supplies on account b. Paid utilities expenses c. Returned half of the goods purchased in transaction a. d. Purchased merchandise for cash. Use the following headings to answer the above question
The transactions for B. Stern Company is; a) Debit: Supplies, Credit: Accounts Payable, Journal: Purchase Journal. b) Debit: Utilities Expenses, Credit: Cash, Journal: Cash Payment Journal. c) Debit: Accounts Payable, Credit: Merchandise Inventory, Journal: Purchase Returns Journal. d) Debit: Merchandise Inventory, Credit: Cash, Journal: Cash Payment Journal.
Purchased supplies on account;
Debit: Supplies
Credit: Accounts Payable
Journal: Purchase Journal
In this transaction, the company is purchasing supplies on credit. The Supplies account is debited to increase the asset value, representing the increase in supplies. The Accounts Payable account is credited to record the liability created due to the purchase on account. This transaction is recorded in the Purchase Journal since it involves a purchase on account.
Paid utilities expenses:
Debit: Utilities Expenses
Credit: Cash
Journal: Cash Payment Journal
The payment of utilities expenses is a cash transaction. The Utilities Expenses account is debited to record the increase in expenses. The Cash account is credited to show the decrease in cash due to the payment. This transaction is recorded in the Cash Payment Journal since it involves a cash payment.
Returned half of the goods purchased in transaction a:
Debit: Accounts Payable
Credit: Merchandise Inventory
Journal: Purchase Returns Journal
The return of goods purchased involves reducing the liability in the Accounts Payable account. Hence, Accounts Payable is debited. The Merchandise Inventory account is credited to decrease the inventory balance due to the return of goods. This transaction is recorded in the Purchase Returns Journal since it involves returning purchased goods.
Purchased merchandise for cash;
Debit: Merchandise Inventory
Credit: Cash
Journal: Cash Payment Journal
When merchandise is purchased for cash, the Merchandise Inventory account is debited to increase the inventory balance. The Cash account is credited to record the decrease in cash due to the purchase. This transaction is recorded in the Cash Payment Journal since it involves a cash payment.
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