The tasks that are typically conducted by managers in the goal and plan evaluation step of the formal planning process are given below:
Select the best goal and plan Prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals Evaluate advantages of each goal and plan. The managers evaluate goals and plans based on the advantages that the company would have from each of them. The managers also assess the suitability of the goal and plan in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Moreover, they identify the resources that would be required for each goal and plan before selecting the best one and eliminating those that are not aligned with the objectives of the organization.
The managers also prioritize the goals and eliminate those that are less important while also ensuring that the goals are consistent with the overall mission and vision of the company. Once the most appropriate goal and plan have been identified, the managers also create a schedule for their implementation while estimating the costs of each plan.
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Answer:
- Evaluate advantages of each goal and plan.
-Prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals.
- Estimate the costs of each plan.
Suppose that Kenji and Lucia are the only consumers of shoes in a particular market. The following table shows their annual demand schedules: Price Kenji’s Quantity Demanded Lucia’s Quantity Demanded (Dollars per pair) (Pairs) (Pairs) 10 32 48 20 20 32 30 12 24 40 4 16 50 0 8 On the following graph, plot Kenji’s demand for shoes using the green points (triangle symbol). Next, plot Lucia’s demand for shoes using the purple points (diamond symbol). Finally, plot the market demand for shoes using the blue points (circle symbol). Note: Line segments will automatically connect the points. Remember to plot from left to right. Kenji’s Demand Lucia’s Demand Market Demand 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PRICE (Dollars per pair) QUANTITY (Pairs)
The demand schedule of Kenji and Lucia for shoes is provided in the table below : Price Kenji’s Quantity Demanded Lucia’s Quantity Demanded (Dollars per pair) (Pairs) (Pairs) 10.
Let us plot the demand schedule of Kenji, Lucia, and the market in the given graph:Here, the green points (triangle symbol) represent Kenji’s demand for shoes, purple points (diamond symbol) represent Lucia’s demand for shoes, and the blue points (circle symbol) represent the market demand for shoes.
Now, join the blue points with a line to get the market demand curve.The graph of demand schedules of Kenji, Lucia, and the market is as follows:Therefore, this is the demand schedule of Kenji, Lucia, and the market.
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Thomas Ltd. buys 2.000 of the 100,000 shares of Micron Inc., paying $36.50 per share. Suppose Micron distributes a 15 percent stock dividend. Later the same year, Thomas Ltd. sells the Micron shares for $31.50 per share. Disregard commissions on the purchase and sale. 1. Compute Thomas Ltd.'s new cost per share after receiving the stock dividend
Thomas Ltd.'s new cost per share will be $31.74 after receiving dividend of 15% on stock of value 100,000 shares at the rate of 2.000. To compute the new cost per share after receiving the stock dividend, the total cost of the shares purchased is divided by the total number of shares held, including the additional shares received from the dividend.
To compute Thomas Ltd.'s new cost per share after receiving the stock dividend, we need to adjust the cost per share based on the stock dividend distribution.
Given:
Number of shares purchased: 2,000
Purchase price per share: $36.50
Stock dividend: 15%
First, calculate the total cost of the shares purchased:
Total cost = Number of shares purchased × Purchase price per share
Total cost = 2,000 × $36.50
Total cost = $73,000
Next, calculate the additional shares received due to the stock dividend:
Additional shares received = Number of shares purchased × Stock dividend
Additional shares received = 2,000 × 15% = 300
Now, adjust the total cost for the additional shares received:
Adjusted total cost = Total cost / (Number of shares purchased + Additional shares received)
Adjusted total cost = $73,000 / (2,000 + 300)
Adjusted total cost = $73,000 / 2,300
Adjusted total cost ≈ $31.74 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, Thomas Ltd.'s new cost per share after receiving the stock dividend is approximately $31.74.
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Identify a person, couple, or family for whom you are creating
the plan. Describe the person, couple, or family (no name is
required, but it can be you, someone else, or someone you imagine).
Each of
I will describe a fictional couple named John and Sarah. John is a 35-year-old software engineer, and Sarah is a 32-year-old marketing manager. They have been married for five years and are excited about planning their future together. They currently live in a suburban area and have no children, but they are considering starting a family in the next few years.
John is passionate about technology and enjoys working on personal coding projects in his free time. Sarah loves traveling and exploring new cultures. They both value their careers and strive for a work-life balance that allows them to pursue their individual interests while also nurturing their relationship.
Financially, John and Sarah are in a stable position. They have saved a significant amount of money and are looking for ways to invest and grow their wealth. They want to ensure a comfortable and secure future for themselves and any future children they may have.
John and Sarah also prioritize health and wellness. They exercise regularly and enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking and cycling. They understand the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and want to integrate it into their long-term plans.
In summary, John and Sarah are a young, ambitious couple who value their careers, personal interests, and financial security. They are focused on building a solid foundation for their future and are eager to make informed decisions that will benefit them in the long run.
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The plan should also include a budget to help the family live within their means and allocate money towards their financial goals
For the purpose of creating a financial plan, a family of four will be described.
The family is made up of a married couple with two children under the age of 10.
The couple is both college-educated and both work full-time jobs with a combined annual salary of $120,000.
They live in a three-bedroom house in the suburbs and own one car outright.
They have a mortgage on their home, owe about $5,000 in credit card debt, and have a combined student loan debt of $50,000.
The family's primary financial goals include paying off all of their debt, saving for their children's education, and having enough money to retire comfortably.
The family has a moderate risk tolerance and would prefer to invest their money in a balanced portfolio of stocks and bonds. Based on their financial situation and goals, a comprehensive financial plan should be created that includes strategies to reduce debt, increase savings, and invest for the future.
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.
Demand for your firm’s products is related to the state of the economy. If the economy is expanding next year, the company estimates sales to be $150 million. If there is a recession next year, sales are assessed to be $40 million. Otherwise, sales are estimated at $80 million. Economists have estimated the chances that the economy will be either expanding, in a recession, or normal next year to be 10%, 30%, and 60% respectively. Calculate the expected annual sales.
To calculate the expected annual sales, we need to multiply the possible sales values by their respective probabilities and sum them up. Given the probabilities provided, let's calculate the expected annual sales:
Expected sales = (Probability of expanding economy × Sales in expanding economy) + (Probability of recession × Sales in recession) + (Probability of normal economy × Sales in normal economy)
Expected sales = (0.10 × $150 million) + (0.30 × $40 million) + (0.60 × $80 million)
Expected sales = $15 million + $12 million + $48 million
Expected sales = $75 million
Therefore, the expected annual sales for the firm are $75 million.
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15,600 pesos compounded quarterly at 8% in 4 years is equivalent to: ___________
15,600 pesos compounded quarterly at 8% in 4 years is equivalent to 21,829.46 pesos.
As we know that 15,600 pesos, 8% and 4 years. We need to find the equivalent amount compounded quarterly. The formula to calculate the compound interest is given by:
A =[tex]P(1 + r/n)^{nt}[/tex]
A = Amount
P = Principal amount
R = Rate of Interest
N = Number of compounding periods
T = Time period
Let's substitute the given values in the formula and solve for the equivalent amount.
A = [tex]15,600(1 + 0.08/4)^{4 \times 4}[/tex]
A = [tex]15,600(1.02)^{16}[/tex]
A = 15,600 × 1.3987
A = 21,829.46 pesos (approximately)
Therefore, the equivalent amount is approximately 21,829.46 pesos.
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Question 13 In the partnership form of business, co-ownership of partnership assets means that these asjy bypother O True False Moving to another question will save this response.
In the partnership form of business, co-ownership of partnership assets means that the given statement is True.
What is a partnership?A partnership is a form of business organization in which two or more individuals own and manage a company. The aim of this venture is to combine skills and resources to generate income. However, when the business is co-owned, co-ownership of partnership assets means that there is more than one proprietor in the business with a claim to the partnership assets.
Co-ownership refers to the ownership of an asset by several individuals. In other words, several individuals share ownership of an asset. Co-ownership is the practice of multiple individuals having ownership rights to an asset.Each person shares the benefits and liabilities of the ownership, and each person can use the property if and when they require it.
It is applicable to a variety of assets, including property, vehicles, and businesses, among other things.Bypother does not seem to be a recognized term, so it is safe to assume that it is not related to the topic at hand.
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QUICK PLEASE THERE IS NO
TIME
estion 8 1 points A company purchased a patent for $1.425,000. The useful life is expected to last 20 years. The journal entry to record the amortization expense for the first year includes OAA debit
The journal entry for the first-year amortization expense includes a debit to Amortization expense and a credit to Patent, accumulated amortization, both for [tex]\$71,250[/tex].
The journal entry to record the amortization expense for the first year includes a debit to Amortization expense for [tex]\$71,250[/tex] and a credit to Patent, accumulated amortization for [tex]\$71,250[/tex]. This entry is made based on the formula for calculating amortization expense, which is the cost of the asset divided by its useful life. In this case, the cost of the patent is [tex]\$1,425,000[/tex] and its useful life is [tex]20[/tex] years, resulting in an annual amortization expense of [tex]\$71,250[/tex]. To record this expense, the Amortization expense account is debited, representing the expense incurred, while the Patent, accumulated amortization account is credited to reflect the reduction in the asset's value over time.In conclusion, the journal entry to record the first-year amortization expense for the purchased patent would involve a debit of [tex]\$71,250[/tex] to Amortization expense and a credit of [tex]\$71,250[/tex] to Patent, accumulated amortization. This entry reflects the amortization expense calculation based on the cost of the asset and its expected useful life of [tex]20[/tex] years.
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If two products, X and Y, are independent goods, then (a) an increase in the price of X will significantly increase the demand for Y (b) an increase in the price of Y will significantly increase the demand for X (c) an increase in the price of Y will have no significant effect on the demand for X (d) a decrease in the price of X will significantly increase the demand for Y
If two products, X and Y, are independent goods, then an increase in the price of Y will have no significant effect on the demand for X, option (c) is correct.
If two products, X and Y, are independent goods, it means that the demand for one product is not directly influenced by changes in the price or availability of the other. In this case, an increase in the price of Y will have no significant effect on the demand for X. The reason is that independent goods do not have a complementary or substitute relationship, meaning the consumption of one does not rely on or affect the consumption of the other.
Therefore, changes in the price of Y will not lead to a notable change in the demand for X. The demand for X will primarily be determined by factors such as its own price, consumer preferences, and other relevant market conditions, option (c) is correct.
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The complete question is:
If two products, X and Y, are independent goods, then:
(a) an increase in the price of X will significantly increase the demand for Y
(b) an increase in the price of Y will significantly increase the demand for X
(c) an increase in the price of Y will have no significant effect on the demand for X
(d) a decrease in the price of X will significantly increase the demand for Y
An observation has a studentized residual of 1.478 and a leverage value of 0.364. Find the DFITS for the observation.
The DFITS value for the observation is 1.117 which has a studentized residual of 1.478 and a leverage value of 0.364.
Studentized Residual value = 1.478
Leverage = 0.364
The DFITS value for observation can be calculated by the product of the Studentized Residual value and squaring the value of Leverage. Mathematically, the formula is:
DFITS = Studentized Residual * [tex]\sqrt{(Leverage / (1 - Leverage))}[/tex]
Substituting the above given values, we get:
DFITS = 1.478 * [tex]\sqrt{(0.364 / (1 - 0.364))}[/tex]
DFITS = 1.478 * [tex]\sqrt{(0.364 / 0.636)}[/tex]
DFITS = 1.478 * [tex]\sqrt{(0.572327)}[/tex]
DFITS = 1.478 * 0.756567
DFITS = 1.117
Therefore, we can conclude that the DFITS value for the given observation is 1.117.
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Morgana Company identifies three activities in its manufacturing process: machine setups, machining, and inspections. Estimated annual overhead cost for each activity is $150,000, $375,000, and $87,500, respectively. The cost driver for each activity and the estimated annual usage are number of setups 2,500, machine hours 25,000, and number of inspections 1,750.
Compute the overhead rate for each activity.
Morgana Company will have an overhead rate of $60 per setup for machine setups, $15 per machine hour for machining, and $50 per inspection for inspections.
Activity rate calculation: Morgana Company has identified three activities in its manufacturing process. These activities are:
Machine setupsMachining.Inspections.The estimated annual overhead cost of each of these activities are as follows: $150,000 for machine setups, $375,000 for machining, and,$87,500 for inspections. The cost driver for each activity and the estimated annual usage are setups 2,500, machine hours 25,000, and the number of inspections 1,750.
Overhead rate = Estimated annual overhead cost / Estimated cost driver usage.
Using the formula given above, we can calculate the overhead rates for each activity. Activity Overhead rate Machine Setups $60 per setup. Machining $15 per machine hour. Inspections are $50 per inspection.
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T/F. sesi uses capital and labor in the production of cakes. when sesi doubled the capital and labor she used, she produced twice as many cakes.
True.
In the given statement, it is stated that Sesi uses both capital and labor in the production of cakes. When Sesi doubled the amount of capital and labor she utilized, she was able to produce twice as many cakes. This scenario aligns with the concept of increasing returns to scale, where increasing inputs proportionately leads to a proportional increase in output. By doubling both capital and labor, Sesi effectively increased the productive capacity of her cake production, resulting in a doubling of the cake output.
The statement "Sesi uses capital and labor in the production of cakes. When Sesi doubled the capital and labor she used, she produced twice as many cakes" reflects the concept of increasing returns to scale in production.
In economics, increasing returns to scale refers to the situation where increasing all inputs in production leads to a more than proportionate increase in output. In this case, when Sesi doubles the amount of capital (such as machinery and equipment) and labor (such as workers) she uses, the result is a doubling of the output, specifically twice as many cakes being produced.
This phenomenon can occur due to various reasons. For instance, when more capital and labor are employed, there can be greater specialization and division of labor, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. Additionally, there may be economies of scale, where the cost per unit of output decreases as production increases, further contributing to higher output levels.
It's important to note that while this statement assumes that all other factors remain constant, in reality, there can be limitations to increasing returns to scale. Eventually, as production continues to expand, diminishing returns to scale may set in, leading to a less than proportionate increase in output.
Overall, the statement indicates that when Sesi increases both capital and labor in her cake production process, she can expect a significant increase in the quantity of cakes produced, illustrating the concept of increasing returns to scale.
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Which of the following is not a benefit of effective sourcing decisions?
A) Appropriate supplier contracts can allow for the sharing of risk, resulting in higher profits for both the supplier and the buyer.
B) Better economies of scale can be achieved if orders within a firm are disaggregated.
C) Design collaboration can result in products that are easier to manufacture and distribute, resulting in lower overall costs.
D) Firms can achieve a lower purchase price by increasing competition through the use of auctions.
B) Better economies of scale can be achieved if orders within a firm are disaggregated.
Effective sourcing decisions can lead to various benefits, such as risk sharing, lower costs, and increased competition. However, the statement that better economies of scale can be achieved if orders within a firm are disaggregated is not accurate. Economies of scale typically refer to cost advantages that arise when production is increased, allowing for higher efficiency and reduced unit costs. Disaggregating orders within a firm would generally result in smaller quantities being ordered from suppliers, which could potentially lead to higher costs due to reduced economies of scale. Therefore, this option is not a benefit of effective sourcing decisions.
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Auditors while examining the financial records of publicly traded companies in Canada must follow:
Multiple Choice
a. International Auditing Standards.
b. International Financial Reporting Standards.
c. Canadian Auditing Standards.
d. Canadian Accounting Standards for Auditing.
Auditors while examining the financial records of publicly traded companies in Canada must follow Canadian Auditing Standards Therefore the correct option is C.
Canadian Auditing Standards are a set of guidelines developed by the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board of Canada (AASB) that govern the process of financial, compliance, and operational audits. These standards ensure that financial statements comply with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and that audits are conducted in accordance with internationally recognized auditing standards. The AASB regularly updates these standards to reflect changes in business practices, accounting rules, and emerging technologies.
Hence the correct option is C.
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All of the following, except one, are capital goods. Which is the exception? Multiple Choice O A boiler in a pulp mill. O An office building. An airport runway. A garden shed.
All of the given options except the garden shed are examples of capital goods. Option d is correct.
Capital goods can be described as any durable goods that are used for the production of other goods or services. The capital goods generally involve the use of heavy machinery, equipment, and tools that are often very expensive to purchase and maintain.
All of the given options except the garden shed are examples of capital goods. All of the above-mentioned capital goods are used for the production of other goods and services, and are expensive to purchase and maintain. Hence, the option that is not a capital good is the garden shed.
Therefore, d is correct.
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Even though a person is legally married he or she may be considered not married for tax purposes if certain conditions are met.
1) True
2) False
True, it is possible for a person to be considered not married for tax purposes even if they are legally married, under certain conditions.
In the context of taxation, the marital status of an individual can have an impact on their tax liability. While being legally married typically qualifies individuals for certain tax benefits and filing options, there are specific circumstances under which a person may be treated as not married for tax purposes. These conditions usually involve meeting specific criteria set by tax laws and regulations.
One common situation where a person may be considered not married for tax purposes is when they meet the criteria for filing as "Married Filing Separately" rather than "Married Filing Jointly." Married Filing Separately is a filing status that allows married individuals to file their tax returns separately, with their own income and deductions, instead of combining their finances with their spouse. This option may be chosen if it results in a lower tax liability or for other personal reasons.
Additionally, in some cases, individuals may be considered not married for tax purposes due to legal separation or when a divorce or annulment is pending. These situations may affect the taxpayer's filing status and the tax treatment of their income, deductions, and credits.
It's important to note that the specific rules and requirements for determining marital status for tax purposes can vary between jurisdictions. Taxpayers should consult the relevant tax laws or seek professional advice to determine their filing status accurately and ensure compliance with applicable tax regulations.
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t/f deadweight loss results when a good generates external benefits.
False, Deadweight loss typically occurs when there is a market inefficiency, such as when the quantity of a good produced and consumed is below the socially optimal level.
It is typically caused by market distortions such as taxes, subsidies, or monopolies. External benefits, also known as positive externalities, are beneficial spillover effects generated by a good or activity to third parties.
While external benefits can result in underproduction if not fully captured in market transactions, they do not directly lead to deadweight loss. Deadweight loss is associated with market failures that lead to inefficient resource allocation, whereas external benefits are a separate concept related to positive external effects.
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to search 3.2 $ 54 47 DE % 5 € <6 F6 DELL F7 & 7 F8 * 00 8 S You are required to calculate the Capital Gain Tax on this transaction. F9 9 prt sc F10 home F11 13°C A end F12 + 11 insert Vardy purchased shares in 2013 from Lestier limited for R50 000. These shares were purchased as a long-term investment for Vardy. The markets have prospered over the years and he decided to sell his shares for R130 000 in 2016. (8 marks) 00 ENG 202 dele backs
The capital gain tax on this transaction would be calculated by subtracting the purchase price from the selling price and then applying the appropriate tax rate to the resulting gain.
To calculate the capital gain tax, we subtract the purchase price (R50,000) from the selling price (R130,000) to get the gain, which in this case is R80,000. The tax rate for long-term investments in South Africa, for example, is 18%. Multiplying the gain by the tax rate (0.18), we get R14,400 as the capital gain tax on this transaction.
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what would be the best type of graph to use to display the age of all employees in a particular division in a company
A histogram graph would be the best type of graph to use to display the age of all employees in a particular division in a company.
A histogram graph is the best type of graph to use to display the age of all employees in a particular division in a company for the following reasons:It shows the frequency distribution of a set of continuous data or intervals.It makes it easy to see how the data is distributed across the age range.It can also help to identify trends, clusters, and outliers.
It is easy to read and understand, even for those who are not familiar with data visualization tools.It is commonly used to display demographic data, such as age, income, and education level of employees in a company or members of a population.
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According to the Real Business Cycle, an increase in government spending: Increases output without any effect on price Increases price without any effect on output O Increases both price and output O Shifts the long-run supply to the right
The correct option for the Real Business Cycle, according to which an increase in government spending is that it increases both price and output. Real Business Cycle Theory is a macroeconomic theory that explains the ups and downs of an economy based on changes in productivity and changes in the employment rate in the country. It suggests that changes in technology, efficiency, and the workforce have a greater impact on economic fluctuations than changes in monetary policy.
This theory is often associated with monetarism and neoclassical economics.An increase in government spending could have positive or negative effects on the economy. It might be beneficial if it contributes to the growth of the country and provides new employment opportunities. It will lead to inflation, on the other hand, if it leads to an increase in prices without a corresponding rise in output. Therefore, the Real Business Cycle proposes that an increase in government spending increases both price and output, rather than just one of the two options given in the question.
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How do you approach Marketing design for a production?
Imagine yourself at the top management level of a business. Considering the authority and power of the top management, which of the Scientific Management Approaches would you prefer to apply for the business activities? Discuss the reasons.
As a top management level executive of a business, if I were to consider the authority and power of the top management, I would prefer to apply for the business activities is the scientific management approach, which is also known as Taylorism.
In the scientific management approach, each worker is trained to do only one specific task with no unnecessary movements. Employees are then supervised to ensure that they perform their tasks efficiently, this approach could lead to significant productivity gains in businesses, resulting in increased profits. Additionally, scientific management provides detailed guidelines for planning and executing tasks, resulting in improved work quality. This approach increases the accountability of each worker, and the potential for error is minimized due to the system's high levels of precision and standardization.
As a result, the organization benefits from the optimization of each task, which contributes to the overall success of the business. The implementation of the scientific management approach enhances employee training and motivation, resulting in increased job satisfaction and commitment. So therefore as a top management level executive, I would choose this approach because it focuses on efficiency, productivity, and cost savings, all of which are critical factors in a business's success.
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Intercontact INC. is a young and successful Southern California-based company. It manufactures highly sophisticated components that are used in both fixed line and cellular telephony. The relevant basic data on costs and market conditions for its ICX switch in the U.S. are the following (these data refer to a batch consisting of 10,000 units of the ICX):
i) Incremental (or marginal) costs of producing, shipping and selling an additional batch is equal to $75,000
. ii) Fixed annual costs (production, marketing, administrative and so on): $30,000,000. iii) Past experience has shown that the U.S. market for this type of switch is quite sensitive to price changes.
After seriously researching the issue, the company’s marketing department has concluded that if the price increases (decreases) by 1%, sales will decline (increase) by 2%. Detailed and careful statistical and technical analyses have confirmed that in the U.S. the company faces a price elasticity of demand equal to –2. In the U.S. the company charges $120,000 per batch, and last year total sales amounted to 4,000 batches. Last year total revenues were $480 million and total costs were $330 million.
a) Review the pricing model(s) being used in the US. What can you find out – is the firm setting the optimal price and output level?
b) What additional type of information would you like to have in order to undertake a more complete analysis?
(a) The firm is currently using a cost-plus pricing model based on incremental costs. (b) The additional information on competitors, market research, cost breakdown, and price elasticity at different price points would be valuable for a more comprehensive analysis.
a) The pricing model being used by the company in the US appears to be based on cost-plus pricing. This means that the company sets the price by adding a markup to the incremental costs of producing, shipping, and selling an additional batch ($75,000). However, this pricing approach does not take into account the market conditions and price sensitivity of the customers.
To find the optimal price and output level, the company should consider the point where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC) to maximize profits. In this case, since the demand is price elastic (PED = -2), the optimal price and output level would be lower than the current price of $120,000 per batch.
b) To undertake a more complete analysis, additional information would be helpful, such as:
Information on competitors: Understanding the competitive landscape and pricing strategies of other companies manufacturing similar components would provide insights into market dynamics and potential pricing opportunities.
Market research: Gathering more comprehensive market research data, including customer preferences, buying behaviors, and demand forecasts, would enhance the understanding of market conditions and price sensitivity.
Cost breakdown: Detailed information on fixed and variable costs would allow for a more accurate assessment of profitability and cost-effectiveness.
Price elasticity at different price points: Obtaining data on price elasticity at various price levels would enable a more refined analysis of the demand response to price changes and aid in determining the optimal pricing strategy.
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Read the article and answer the questions below:
Modern Family: How Brands Embrace Changing
Household Structures
As you have learned in this chapter, the growing diversity
of a country's population is
In today’s world, there is a vast array of household structures. The traditional family of a married mother and father with children living at home is no longer the norm.
As a result of changing societal norms and cultural shifts, there are now a variety of household types that exist. Brands must understand this reality and adapt to it in order to stay relevant.The modern family structure has been changing for years, and marketers are now recognizing the need to target a diverse range of family types in order to keep their brands relevant. There are now more single-parent households, blended families, same-sex couples, and multigenerational households than ever before, and brands need to be aware of these shifts in order to create messaging and marketing campaigns that resonate with a wide range of consumers.Brands are embracing these changes by creating marketing campaigns that cater to these diverse family structures. For example, companies are creating advertisements that show same-sex couples, single parents, and blended families, to appeal to a wider range of consumers. Brands are also adapting their products to cater to these diverse households. For example, companies are now offering family-sized meals for multigenerational households or products that cater to single parents with children.
Brand marketers need to understand that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to marketing to families in the 21st century. Families come in all shapes and sizes, and brands need to understand and embrace this reality if they want to stay relevant and succeed in the long run.
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The following is a question on Pecking Order Theory and a sample empirical model:
Look at the following empirical model regarding the relationship between investments and amount of internal funds:
Amount of Investment = intercept + coefficient A * control variables + coefficient B * amount of internal funds
*Note: Coefficient B = shows sensitivity of investment to changes in available internal finance (investment opportunities are controlled)
Taking into account pecking order theory, answer the following question:
If there is NO Asymmetric Information, then what should Coefficient B's sign be: positive, negative, or zero? If there is Asymmetric Information, then what should Coefficient B's sign be: positive, negative, or zero? Explain Why.
Pecking Order Theory states that companies finance their investments in a certain hierarchy of funding sources where retained earnings are given the highest preference over external financing sources.
When the companies face adverse selection costs due to asymmetric information, they tend to rely more on their internal financing sources and equity financing over debt. This is because equity financing is perceived as more attractive by investors and creditors, and it helps the company to avoid the costs associated with debt financing.
The following is a question on Pecking Order Theory and a sample empirical model:
Amount of Investment = intercept + coefficient A * control variables + coefficient B * amount of internal funds
If there is NO Asymmetric Information, then Coefficient B should be POSITIVE. If there is Asymmetric Information, then Coefficient B should be NEGATIVE.The reason behind this is that if there is NO Asymmetric Information, the companies do not face any adverse selection costs, and they can easily access external financing sources such as debt and equity financing. Thus, they will be more inclined to invest in external financing sources rather than relying solely on their internal funds.
This indicates that the coefficient B will be POSITIVE as the investment will be positively associated with the amount of internal funds.On the other hand, if there is Asymmetric Information, the companies will prefer to use their internal financing sources instead of relying on external financing sources due to the high costs associated with debt financing. As a result, the coefficient B will be NEGATIVE as the investment will be negatively associated with the amount of internal funds.
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Zachary Services Company has 59 employees, 24 of whom are assigned to Division A and 35 to Division B. Zachary incurred $356,950 of fringe benefits cost during year 2. Required Determine the amount of the fringe benefits cost to be allocated to Division A and to Division B.
The amount of the fringe benefits cost to be allocated to Division A is $145,200 and to Division B is $211,750
Calculating the ratio of employees in each division to the total employees.
Ratio for Division A = Number of employees in Division A / Total number of employees
Ratio for Division A = 24 / 59
Ratio for Division B = Number of employees in Division B / Total number of employees
Ratio for Division B = 35 / 59
Allocating the fringe benefits cost to each division using the calculated ratios
Fringe benefits cost allocated to Division A = Ratio for Division A × Total fringe benefits cost
Fringe benefits cost allocated to Division A = 24 / 59 × $356,950 = $145,200
Fringe benefits cost allocated to Division B = Ratio for Division B × Total fringe benefits cost
Fringe benefits cost allocated to Division B = 35 / 59 × $356,950 = $244,750
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Why
is the purchasing function (as opposed to other functions or
departments in the company) exceptionally sensitive to the topics
of ethics? briefly explain.
The purchasing function in a company is exceptionally sensitive to the topics of ethics as compared to other functions or departments.
The reason behind this sensitivity is that the purchasing function is responsible for managing and procuring the resources that are required for the functioning of the organization.
The resources that are purchased by the purchasing department include raw materials, equipment, office supplies, and services, among others. Therefore, any unethical or illegal practices within the purchasing function can lead to severe consequences that can negatively impact the organization. Some of the reasons why the purchasing function is exceptionally sensitive to the topics of ethics are as follows:• Purchasing is responsible for managing the procurement process, which involves dealing with suppliers and vendors. If the purchasing function does not follow ethical practices, it can lead to a compromise in the quality of resources that are procured, leading to a decline in the quality of the products or services offered by the organization.• The purchasing function is responsible for managing the budget allocated for procuring resources.If the purchasing function does not follow ethical practices, it can lead to overspending, resulting in financial losses for the organization.
The purchasing function is responsible for maintaining a good relationship with suppliers and vendors. If the purchasing function does not follow ethical practices, it can lead to damaged relationships, which can affect the organization's reputation.Moreover, unethical practices such as bribery, corruption, or favoritism can lead to legal repercussions, which can have severe consequences for the organization. Therefore, it is essential for the purchasing function to maintain ethical standards to ensure the organization's sustainability and long-term success.
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Discuss the various stakeholder groups that should be involved in the organization's decision to adopt a cloud-based applications software. what should be the concern of each stakeholder group?
Stakeholders are those who have an interest or are affected by an organization's operations, and they may influence or be impacted by the decisions made by the organization.
When an organization is considering adopting a cloud-based application software, there are various stakeholder groups that should be involved and their concerns should be taken into account.These stakeholders are as follows:1. Employees - Employees are a significant stakeholder group that should be involved in the decision to adopt cloud-based applications. They should be informed of the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud-based software and trained on how to utilize it effectively.2. Management - Management is responsible for making the final decision. The concerns of the management will be mainly around the cost of the software, the training required, the impact on other organizational systems, and the time frame to implement it.3. Customers - Customers are concerned about the safety and privacy of their information, as well as the accessibility and availability of the software.4. Shareholders - Shareholders want to be certain that the decision to adopt cloud-based software will increase profitability. They want to know about the organization's finances, return on investment, and other business metrics that demonstrate the company's ability to maintain profitability.5. Suppliers - Suppliers might be interested in the adoption of cloud-based software if it improves their customer's ability to collaborate and operate more effectively with their suppliers. Each stakeholder group has different concerns that must be addressed to ensure that their interests are safeguarded, and that the organization's overall goal of adopting a cloud-based application software is met. The concerns of the stakeholders are typically based on their area of expertise and level of influence. For example, employees are concerned about how the software will affect their job performance and what new skills they need to learn. On the other hand, customers are concerned about the safety and privacy of their information, and how the software will improve their user experience. Shareholders want to see a return on their investment, and the decision to adopt cloud-based software should demonstrate how it will increase profitability.The stakeholders' interests should be assessed and considered throughout the decision-making process to ensure that the best decision is made for the organization. The concerns of each stakeholder group must be understood, and the appropriate communication channels should be established to address any issues that may arise from the adoption of cloud-based software.
In conclusion, an organization must carefully examine all the stakeholder groups and their concerns before deciding to adopt cloud-based application software. Employee, management, customers, shareholders, and suppliers are the main stakeholder groups that should be involved in the decision-making process. The organization must ensure that the decision taken is in the best interest of all stakeholders, and their concerns are appropriately addressed. Proper communication channels should be established to address any issues that may arise from the adoption of cloud-based software.
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Discuss how the various fast-food outlets and FMCG companies in South Africa can address the use of palm oil products by consumers through their marketing, supply chain, and operations activities?
Palm oil products are used in a wide range of consumer goods and food products, making it a challenge for fast-food outlets and FMCG companies in South Africa to address the use of palm oil products by consumers through their marketing, supply chain, and operations activities. To address this issue, companies can adopt various strategies such as labeling, sourcing, and promoting the use of sustainable palm oil products
.What is Palm oil is a widely used vegetable oil extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. It is a versatile oil that is used in a wide range of food products, cosmetics, and consumer goods, making it an essential component of the fast-food and FMCG industry in South Africa. However, the production of palm oil has been linked to deforestation, habitat loss, and social conflicts in Southeast Asia and Africa, raising concerns about its sustainability and impact on the environment and local communities.
Marketing of the ways that fast-food outlets and FMCG companies in South Africa can address the use of palm oil products by consumers is through their marketing activities. They can use labeling and branding to promote the use of sustainable palm oil products and inform consumers about the impact of their consumption on the environment and local communities. For example, companies can use labels such as to indicate that their products are made from certified sustainable palm oil. They can also use eco-friendly packaging and messaging to encourage consumers to make way that companies can address the use of palm oil products by consumers is through their supply chain activities. They can adopt sustainable sourcing practices and work with suppliers that follow ethical and environmentally friendly production methods.
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how might major technoligical innovvations like the adevnt ofht e steam engine or computer chip affect the business cycle
Business cycle can be defined as the periodic fluctuations in economic activity that occur in an economy over a period of time.
The business cycle is made up of four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Major technological innovations like the steam engine or computer chip can have a significant impact on the business cycle. The main answer to this question is that innovations can lead to increased productivity and efficiency in the economy, which can drive economic growth and expansion.
For instance, the steam engine was a significant technological innovation that enabled factories to produce goods on a larger scale and at a lower cost. This increase in efficiency helped to drive the expansion phase of the business cycle as more goods could be produced, leading to increased economic activity and growth.
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true/false. one way that natural environments contributed to the growth of the industrial revolution
True
Natural environments played a significant role in contributing to the growth of the Industrial Revolution. Access to abundant natural resources such as coal, iron ore, and waterways provided the necessary inputs for industrial production. Coal was used as a fuel source for steam engines, powering machinery and transportation. Iron ore was essential for the production of machinery, tools, and infrastructure. Additionally, waterways and rivers served as important transportation routes for the movement of goods and raw materials. The availability of these natural resources and their utilization in industrial processes helped fuel the rapid industrialization and economic growth during the Industrial Revolution.
For example, coal was a primary source of energy during the Industrial Revolution, used extensively for steam power in factories and transportation. The presence of large coal reserves in areas like England and Germany provided the necessary fuel for the rapid expansion of industrial activities.
Additionally, access to waterways and rivers played a significant role in transportation and trade, allowing for the movement of raw materials, goods, and people. Water power was also harnessed to drive machinery in early factories, particularly in textile production.
Therefore, the natural environment, with its availability of vital resources and favorable geographic features, played a crucial role in fostering the growth of industries and the Industrial Revolution.
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