"Yes: Mexico must be thoroughly chastised! . . . The news of yesterday [at the southern border] has added the last argument wanted to prove the necessity of an immediate Declaration of War by our government toward its southern neighbor.
"We are justified in the face of the world, in having treated Mexico with more forbearance [tolerance] than we have ever yet treated an enemy. . . . We have . . . submitted thus far to a most offensive rejection of an Ambassador personifying the American nation, and waited for years without payment of the claims of our injured merchants. We have sought peace through every avenue, and shut our eyes to many things, which, had they come from England or France, the President would not have dared to pass over without stern and speedy resentment. We have dammed up our memory, of what had passed in the South [Texas] years ago—of devilish massacres of some of our bravest and noblest sons . . . in violation of all the rules of war. . . .
"We think there can be no doubt of the truth of yesterday's news; and we are sure the people here, ten to one, are for prompt and hostilities. . . . Let our arms now be carried with a spirit which shall teach the world that, while we are not forward for a quarrel, America knows how to crush, as well as how to expand!"
Walt Whitman, journalist and poet, editorial in the Brooklyn Eagle, 1846
"President [James K. Polk] in his message, as a pretext for sending our army to invade and conquer the country upon the Rio Grande, says: "Texas by its [legislative] act of December 19, 1836, had declared the [Rio Grande] to be the boundary of that [formerly independent] republic.' . . . The truth is that Texas had agreed upon the Nueces [River] as her boundary. . . .
"If [Mexico] be ours, why does he seek to justify the taking possession of it by references to the fact that Mexico is indebted to some of our people? If it be not ours, and he has taken possession of it in order to compel Mexico to pay those debts, why not say so? The fact that Mexico has not paid the debts due to our citizens can have no legitimate connection with taking possession of [it as] our own soil. But [the president] was obviously conscious that this invasion of the Mexican territory could not be justified. . . .
"When the Executive and Congress openly and avowedly took upon themselves the responsibility of extending and perpetuating slavery by the annexation of Texas, and by the total overthrow and subversion of the Constitution, . . . my confidence in the stability of our institutions was shaken, destroyed. . . . Our Union continues, but our Constitution is gone. . . .
". . . No man regards this war as just. We know, the country knows, and the civilized world are conscious, that it has resulted from a desire to extend and sustain an institution on which the curse of the Almighty most visibly rests."
Joshua Giddings, congressman from Ohio, speech in the United States House of Representatives, 1846
Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War?
A
Whitman believed the United States should show patience before war, while Giddings believed the country had tolerated abuses for too long without war.
B
Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States.
C
Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States.
D
Giddings claimed that the war had popular support in the United States, while Whitman claimed that most Americans opposed the war.

The comparison that best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War is:

C. Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States.

Whitman's argument, as expressed in the editorial he wrote for the Brooklyn Eagle in 1846, suggests that he believed the United States had already shown considerable forbearance towards Mexico. He emphasized that the United States had sought peace through diplomatic means and had tolerated offensive actions, such as the rejection of an American ambassador and the non-payment of debts owed to American merchants. Whitman argued that the United States should exercise restraint and avoid war, stating that America should not be eager for a quarrel. He believed that the actions of Mexico did not warrant immediate military action and that the United States should focus on diplomatic resolutions instead.

On the other hand, Giddings, a congressman from Ohio, argued in a speech in the United States House of Representatives that the war was not justified and represented aggression by the United States.

He contended that the United States invaded Mexican territory without legitimate justification. Giddings criticized the annexation of Texas and the perceived overthrow of the Constitution as factors that eroded his confidence in the stability of American institutions.

He believed that the war was driven by the desire to extend and perpetuate slavery rather than legitimate reasons. Giddings saw the war as an unnecessary and unjust act on the part of the United States.

Final answer:

In summary, while Whitman argued against immediate military action and emphasized the pursuit of diplomatic solutions, Giddings asserted that the war was an aggressive move by the United States and that it was unnecessary in achieving the goals of the country.

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