The required journal entry at the end of the year for Saraya Inc. would be "B: Debit Salaries and Wages Payable for €123,000 and credit Salaries and Wages Expense for €123,000".
The employees have earned two weeks of vacation time, which represents an accrued liability for Saraya Inc. The total cost of the earned vacation time can be calculated by multiplying the number of employees (65) by the average weekly salary (€475) and then multiplying it by the number of weeks of vacation (2).
Calculation: 65 employees * €475 average weekly salary * 2 weeks of vacation = €61,750
Since the vacation time will be taken in the following year, the entry should be recorded as a liability. Therefore, Salaries and Wages Payable should be debited for €123,000 (double the earned vacation cost) to recognize the liability, and Salaries and Wages Expense should be credited for the same amount to reflect the expense for the earned vacation time. This represents the correct journal entry for Saraya Inc. at the end of the year.
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which point, a or b, best represents the combination of present and future goods in the united states?
In the context of a production possibilities curve, point B best represents the combination of present and future goods in the United States. The production possibilities curve (PPC) is a graphical representation of the concept of opportunity cost that depicts the trade-offs that a society faces in deciding what goods to produce.
This curve shows the maximum quantity of one good that can be produced for every possible quantity of the other good that can be produced. When a point is on the PPC, it represents the full employment of resources.
In the United States, the production of capital goods is relatively high compared to other countries, which means that more resources are allocated to the production of future goods (capital goods) than present goods (consumer goods).
As a result, point B on the PPC, which represents a point of production that is heavily focused on capital goods, would be the best point to represent the combination of present and future goods in the United States.
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Description:
Riipen is a platform to connect educators and students with businesses and non-profits. It allows experiential learning by providing real-time projects for the students to work on. The students will create a plan, use research and evaluate the findings to provide the business or non-profit organization a final recommendation to implement change successfully.
Objectives:
Based on the information by the organization, the students will develop a change management plan, which can include a framework and structure to manage the change in the organization. This is a group project, and the student teams will create a plan to provide innovative solutions to help overcome the challenges faced by the organization.
Instructions
This is a live project with an organization. The instructor will share the following information through Important Announcements in Week 1 or Week 2 of the term:
a. Details of the organization with which the students would work
b. Groups in which the students will work.
c. Instructions to sign up on Riipen’s platform.
d. Project Description, deliverables, and the timeline for deliverables
e. Contact details of the organizations’ representative – for regular interaction throughout the term.
Riipen is a platform that connects educators and students with businesses and non-profit organizations, thus enabling experiential learning by giving students real-time projects to work on. In this context, the objective is to develop a change management plan based on the details provided by the organization.
The student groups will work together to provide innovative solutions that will help the organization overcome the challenges that they face. The change management plan will help the organization to implement change successfully.
Riipen is an excellent platform for educators and students to connect with businesses and non-profits. This platform provides students with real-life projects that help them gain hands-on experience. The objective of this platform is to develop a change management plan for the organization based on the details shared by the organization. This plan will help the organization implement change successfully, which is an essential aspect of any business.
The student groups will be given the details of the organization, groups, and project description. They will be required to sign up on Riipen's platform and work together to provide innovative solutions that will help the organization overcome its challenges. The change management plan should include a framework and structure to manage the change in the organization. The student groups will have regular interaction with the organization's representative, who will provide them with the necessary guidance.
The Riipen platform is an excellent opportunity for students to gain practical experience while helping businesses and non-profits. The objective is to provide innovative solutions to the challenges faced by organizations by developing a change management plan. The student groups will work together to create a plan that will help the organization implement change successfully. With regular interaction with the organization's representative, the student groups will have access to guidance throughout the term. Therefore, Riipen's platform is a valuable tool for experiential learning and can help students prepare for their future careers.
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Which financial statements reflect the costs of production, explain? what is the difference between operation expense of cost of goods sold?
The financial statements that reflect the costs of production are the income statement and the statement of cost of goods manufactured. Difference between operation expense of cost of goods sold Operation expenses (OPEX) are expenses associated with a company's regular business operations, such as rent, utilities, salaries, and office supplies.
The financial statements that reflect the costs of production are the income statement and the statement of cost of goods manufactured. These statements are significant to businesses because they provide information about the cost of producing goods sold in order to calculate the cost of goods sold. The cost of goods sold (COGS) is the cost of the goods that a business has sold during a given time period.
Difference between operation expense of cost of goods sold Operation expenses (OPEX) are expenses associated with a company's regular business operations, such as rent, utilities, salaries, and office supplies. Cost of goods sold (COGS), on the other hand, is the direct cost of the goods sold by a business, including the cost of raw materials, labor, and other costs associated with producing the goods. COGS is an expense associated with the cost of making goods, whereas OPEX is an expense associated with running a business. OPEX does not take into account the cost of goods sold, whereas COGS reflects the direct cost of producing the goods sold. COGS is deducted from the revenue to calculate the gross profit, while OPEX is deducted from the gross profit to calculate the net income.
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1. What is the required rate of return of a stock? How can it be measured? Is the security market line constant over time? Why or why not?
2. What is the purpose of a balance sheet? An income statement? Why is the analysis of trends in financial ratios important?
The required rate of return of a stock is the minimum return that investors expect to receive for taking on the risk of investing in that particular stock. It represents the return necessary to compensate investors for the time value of money and the associated risks. The required rate of return can be measured using various methods, such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which considers the stock's beta and the overall market risk.
The security market line (SML) is not constant over time. It is a graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return and the systematic risk of a stock. Factors such as changes in market conditions, economic factors, and investor sentiment can cause shifts in the SML. Additionally, new information and changing market expectations can impact the required rate of return, resulting in deviations from the previous SML.
The purpose of a balance sheet is to provide a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It presents the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity, providing an overview of its financial health and its ability to meet its obligations.
An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement, summarizes a company's revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period. It reflects the company's financial performance and profitability during that period.
The analysis of trends in financial ratios is important because it allows for a deeper understanding of a company's financial performance over time. By comparing ratios from different periods, analysts can identify patterns, strengths, and weaknesses. These trends provide insights into the company's financial stability, efficiency, profitability, and overall financial health. Financial ratio analysis helps investors, creditors, and stakeholders make informed decisions and evaluate the company's ability to generate returns and manage risks effectively.
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"Rana Company makes and sells Trophies . Basher, the controller, is responsible for preparing Ranas master budget and has accumulated the following information for 2021:
2021
January
February
March
April
May
Estimated sales in units
10,000
14,000
7,000
8,000
8,000
Selling price
$54.00
$50.50
$50.50
$50.50
$50.50
Direct manufacturing labor-hours per unit
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
Wage per direct manufacturing labor-hour
$12.00
$12.00
$12.00
$13.00
$13.00
In addition to wages, direct manufacturing labor-related costs include pension contributions of $0.70 per hour, worker’s compensation insurance of $0.40 per hour, employee medical insurance of $0.50 per hour, and Social Security taxes. Assume that as of January 1, 2021, the Social Security tax rates are 7.5% for employers and 7.5% for employees. The cost of employee benefits paid by Rana on its employees is treated as a direct manufacturing labor cost.
Rana has a labor contract that calls for a wage increase to $15 per hour on April 1, 2021. New laborsaving machinery has been installed and will be fully operational by March 1, 2021. Rana expects to have 19,500 frames on hand at December 31, 2021, and it has a policy of carrying an end-of-month inventory of 100% of the following month’s sales plus 50% of the second following month’s sales.
Required:
1. Prepare a production budget and a direct manufacturing labor budget for Rana Company by month and for the first quarter of 2021. You may combine both budgets in one schedule. The direct manufacturing labor budget should include labor-hours and show the details for each labor cost category.
2. What actions has the budget process prompted Ranas management to take?
3. How might Rana managers use the budget developed in requirement 1 to better manage the company?
The production budget outlines the number of units to be produced each month based on the estimated sales figures. The direct manufacturing labor budget shows the labor hours required and the associated costs for each labor cost category.
By analyzing the estimated sales in units and the selling price for each month, Rana can determine the production levels needed to meet the demand. The direct manufacturing labor-hours per unit and the wage per direct manufacturing labor-hour allow the company to calculate the total labor hours required and the corresponding labor costs.
For the first quarter of 2021, Rana's production budget would indicate the planned production levels for January, February, and March, while the direct manufacturing labor budget would outline the labor hours and costs for each month.
Actions prompted by the budget process:The budget process prompts Rana's management to make several key decisions and take appropriate actions. For example:
a. Adjusting production levels: Based on the estimated sales figures, Rana can adjust its production levels to meet the demand and avoid overproduction or underproduction.
b. Labor cost management: The wage increase effective from April 1, 2021, as well as the labor-related costs such as pension contributions, worker's compensation insurance, employee medical insurance, and Social Security taxes, require Rana to consider the impact on labor costs. The budget process enables them to assess and plan for these costs accordingly.
c. Inventory management: Rana's policy of carrying an end-of-month inventory based on future sales projections allows them to maintain appropriate stock levels. By analyzing the sales forecast and inventory policy, they can plan their inventory purchases or production to align with the expected demand.
Using the budget to better manage the company:Rana's managers can utilize the budget developed in requirement 1 to improve the company's overall management in the following ways:
a. Financial planning: The budget provides insights into expected sales, costs, and profitability. It allows managers to set financial targets, identify potential issues, and develop strategies to achieve the desired financial performance.
b. Resource allocation: By analyzing the production and labor budgets, managers can allocate resources effectively, ensuring optimal utilization of labor and equipment while minimizing costs.
c. Performance evaluation: The budget serves as a benchmark for evaluating actual performance against the planned targets. Managers can monitor and compare actual sales, production, and labor costs to the budgeted figures, enabling them to identify any variances and take corrective actions if necessary.
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In a country there are 4 types of individuals The utility function of the ith type is given by: U¡ (x¡‚G) = x¡ + i * ln G; i = 1, 2, 3, 4 where, x₁ denotes the private good consumed by each citizen and G denotes the public good. The first type has 2 individuals, the second type has 3 individuals, the third and the fourth type have 2 individuals each. The marginal cost of providing the public good is 9/-
a. Compute the efficient level of provision of the public good.
b. Assume that the local government asks the voters to directly decide about level of G informing them that for each unit of the public good, each of them will be asked to pay a contribution equal to 1. What would be the preferred level of G by each of the four subgroups be? Which G would come out of the voting process?
a) For efficient level of provision of the public good, we need to equate the marginal cost of providing the public good with the sum of the marginal utilities of all the 4 types of individuals.
Marginal cost of providing the public good = 9/-Let's calculate the marginal utility of the i-th type of individual.
[tex]$$MU_{G_{i}} =\frac{\partial U_{i}}{\partial G} = \frac{\partial}{\partial G}(x_i + i ln(G))$$$$= \frac{i}{G}$$[/tex]
Total marginal utility of all types of individuals:
[tex]$$MU_{G} = \sum_{i=1}^4 MU_{G_i}$$$$= \frac{1}{2G} + \frac{2}{G} + \frac{3}{G} + \frac{4}{G}$$$$= \frac{17}{G}$$[/tex]
Thus, the efficient level of provision of the public good is 17/9.b) Preferred level of G by each of the four subgroups We have the utility function of the i-th type of individual as
[tex]$$U_i(x_i, G) = x_i + i ln(G)$$[/tex]
Thus, the maximum utility of i-th type of individual is obtained by maximizing this function subject to the constraint that each of them will be asked to pay a contribution equal to 1.
[tex]$$Max \space U_i = x_i + i ln(G)$$$$s.t. \space\sum_{j=1}^4 G_j = G \space\& \space\sum_{j=1}^4 x_j = N$$$$i = 1, 2, 3, 4$$[/tex]
Here, N is the total quantity of the private good available to the citizens.
[tex]$$L_i = x_i + i ln(G) + \lambda_1(\sum_{j=1}^4 G_j - G) + \lambda_2(\sum_{j=1}^4 x_j - N)$$[/tex]
[tex]G = \frac{3}{47}N$$[/tex]
The preferred level of G by each of the four subgroups comes out to be as shown above. Also, the level of G that comes out of the voting process is
[tex]$$G = \frac{30}{47}N$$[/tex]
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Go online and find Cocacola Mission statement. Then, after analyze it. create a new mission statement for cocacola and explain in a paragraph why your mission Statement is better than the current statement.
Coca-Cola Company is a beverage manufacturing company. It has a vast number of brands and products that it produces to satisfy its customers worldwide.
Its current mission statement is “To refresh the world in mind, body, and spirit. To inspire moments of optimism and happiness through our brands and actions.”This mission statement is one of the most influential mission statements that a company has ever produced. It shows the company's intent to not only refresh but also provide happiness and joy to its customers. Coca-Cola’s current mission statement is good. However, we need to analyze and find areas where we can improve upon it.
My suggested new mission statement for Coca-Cola would be: “To inspire and connect people globally through our high-quality, innovative, and sustainable products while leading the beverage industry in ethical and transparent business practices.”This mission statement puts emphasis on the core values that the company believes in, it sets out to establish the company as a leader in the beverage industry with ethical and transparent business practices. My mission statement is better than the current statement for several reasons.
First, it sets out specific goals that the company wishes to achieve, it aims to provide high-quality and innovative products while ensuring sustainability. Secondly, it emphasizes the company's values and ethical business practices that are essential for the growth of any business. In conclusion, my proposed mission statement is better than the current statement because it provides a clear path to achieving the company's goals, emphasizes the company's values, and encourages ethical and transparent business practices.
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43 of 48 What is the impact of using checklists for final deliverables? They do not need to come from an entire systems perspective. Missing items can be disregarded. They create adversarial relations
Checklists are used to ensure that all the required tasks have been completed, and all the important factors have been taken into account in a particular project or task. They can be useful in many different areas, including software development, project management, quality assurance, and even in everyday life.
However, using checklists for final deliverables can have both positive and negative impacts.Positives of using checklists for final deliverables:A checklist ensures that all the necessary steps are completed and important factors have been taken into consideration before the final deliverable is submitted. It ensures that the final deliverable is of high quality and free of errors or omissions. It also helps to minimize the risk of missing important details or requirements that could negatively impact the final product.Using checklists for final deliverables also helps to standardize the process and ensure that everyone involved in the project is on the same page. This can help to reduce confusion and improve overall efficiency in completing the task.Negatives of using checklists for final deliverables:However, using checklists for final deliverables can also create adversarial relations between team members. It can lead to a culture of blame where team members are constantly checking each other's work and pointing out errors. This can create a stressful and negative work environment, which can ultimately have a negative impact on the final product.In conclusion, while using checklists for final deliverables can be beneficial in terms of ensuring quality and standardization, it is important to recognize the potential negative impacts as well. Team members should be encouraged to work collaboratively and focus on constructive feedback rather than simply pointing out errors.For such more question on software
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Brislin Products has a new product going on the market next year. The following data are projections for production and sales:
Variable costs $250,000
Fixed costs $450,000
ROI 14%
Investment $2,000,000
Sales 200,000 units
What is the target selling price per unit?
The target selling price per unit for the new product is $4.90. (Target Selling Price = (Variable Costs + Fixed Costs + Desired ROI) / Number of Units)
To determine the target selling price per unit, we need to consider the variable costs, fixed costs, desired return on investment (ROI), and the number of units to be sold.
The formula to calculate the target selling price per unit is:
Target Selling Price = (Variable Costs + Fixed Costs + Desired ROI) / Number of Units
Let's plug in the given values:
Variable Costs = $250,000
Fixed Costs = $450,000
ROI = 14% (or 0.14 as a decimal)
Number of Units = 200,000
Target Selling Price = ($250,000 + $450,000 + (0.14 x $2,000,000)) / 200,000
Calculating the desired ROI:
Desired ROI = 0.14 x $2,000,000 = $280,000
Target Selling Price = ($250,000 + $450,000 + $280,000) / 200,000
Target Selling Price = $980,000 / 200,000
Target Selling Price = $4.90
Therefore, the target selling price per unit for the new product is $4.90.
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.Which of the following budgets are prepared before the production budget?
Direct Materials Budget Sales Budget
A) Yes Yes
B) Yes No
C) No Yes
D) No No
a. Option A
b. Option B
c. Option C
d. Option D
The budgets are prepared before the production budget are Direct Materials Budget - No, Sales Budget - Yes. Option C is the correct answer.
All other budgets, including those for production, materials, and labor, will be based on the sales level that is being planned for, therefore the sales budget is often the first one that a corporation will generate. As a result of a corporation basing its production on sales units, the sales budget needs to be created before the production budget. Option C is the correct answer.
How many units of a certain product a business can produce within a set time frame is determined by a production budget. Typically, the production or manufacturing manager creates this budget in conjunction with other team members, including data analysts and other managers, in order to gather information and effectively use the information from the budget.
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Kaleb Konstruction, Inc., has the following mutually exclusive projects available. The company has historically used a three-year cutoff for projects. The required return is 13 percent.
Year Project F Project G
0 -$ 132,000 -$ 202,000
1 61,500 41,500
2 48,500 56,500
3 58,500 88,500
4 53,500 118,500
5 48,500 133,500
Required:
(a) Calculate the payback period for both projects. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).
Calculate the NPV for both projects. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).)
The payback period for Project F is 2.38 Years and for Project G is 3.13 Years.
The payback period determines the length of time it takes for an investment to generate cash flows equal to its initial cost. Payback Period has to be calculated by taking cumulative cash flows.
Project F
Year 1: Cumulative Cash Flow = $61,500
Year 2: Cumulative Cash Flow = $61,500 + $48,500 = $110,000
Year 3: Cumulative Cash Flow = $110,000 + $58,500 = $168,500
The cumulative cash flow of $168,500 exceeds initial investment of $132,000.
Payback Period = Year 2 + (132,000 - 110,000)/58,500 = 2.38 Years
Project G
Year 1: Cumulative Cash Flow = $41,500
Year 2: Cumulative Cash Flow = $41,500 + $56,500 = $98,000
Year 3: Cumulative Cash Flow = $98,000 + $88,500 = $186,500
Year 4: Cumulative Cash Flow = $186,500 + $118,500 = $305,000
The cumulative cash flow of $305,000 exceeds initial investment of $202,000.
Payback Period = Year 3 + (202,000 - 186,500)/118,500 = 3.13 Years
NPV of Project F is and Project G is
NPV measures the difference between present value of future cash inflows and outflows.
Project F
Year 0: -132,000
Year 1: 61,500 × 0.88 = 54,120
Year 2: 48,500 × 0.78= 37,830
Year 3: 58,500 × 0.69=40365
Year 4: 53,500 × 0.61= 32635
Year 5: 48,500 × 0.54=26190
NPV = $59140
Project G
Year 0: -202,000
Year 1: 41,500 × 0.88 = 36520
Year 2: 56,500 × 0.78= 44070
Year 3: 88,500 × 0.69= 61065
Year 4: 118,500 × 0.61= 72285
Year 5: 133,500 × 0.54= 72090
NPV = 84030
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If we want to have exist300,000 after 13 years. How much do you need to pay at the beginning of each month for the next 13 years with 5% as interest? A. exist1, 411.4 B. exist1, 369.2 C. exist1, 363.5 D. None of the above You want to buy a house worth exist300,000.
If you make monthly payments of approximately exist1,369.2 at the beginning of each month for the next 13 years with a 5% interest rate, you will be able to accumulate $300,000. Therefore, the correct answer is B. exist1,369.2.
A fixed sum of money that is paid on a regular basis as part of a contract or financial obligation is referred to as a monthly payment. It is frequently used to describe loans, mortgages, or other types of financing in which the entire sum is split into equal payments spread out over a number of months. Here, PV represents monthly payments.
PV = P × [(1 - (1 + r)⁻ⁿ) / r]
PV = present value (the desired future value of $300,000)
P = monthly payment
r = monthly interest rate (5% divided by 12)
n = total number of periods (13 years multiplied by 12 months).
PV= 300,000×[1-(1-0.0042)⁻¹⁵⁶/0.0042]
PV ≈ 1,363.5
monthly payment would be approximately exist1,363.5.
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The complete question is "If we want to have exist300,000 after 13 years. How much do you need to pay at the beginning of each month for the next 13 years with 5% as interest? A. exist1, 411.4 B. exist1, 369.2 C. exist1, 363.5 D. None of the above"
With the increase of work specialization, why does productivity increase first and then decrease?
If a company shifted from a functional structure to a divisional structure, what are the benefits? What are the risks?
With the increase of work specialization, productivity may increase at first due to the following reasons:
Workers become more skilled at performing a specific task, leading to increased efficiency and speed.Workers can focus on their specific task without being distracted by other tasks, leading to fewer errors and higher quality work.Specialized tools and equipment can be developed to aid in the specific task, leading to increased productivity.However, as work specialization becomes more extreme, productivity may eventually decrease due to the following reasons:
Workers may become bored or demotivated by performing the same task repeatedly, leading to decreased efficiency and quality of work.Workers may become overly reliant on others to perform tasks outside of their specialization, leading to delays and decreased productivity.Communication and coordination among workers may become more difficult as each worker focuses on their own specialized task, leading to errors and inefficiencies.If a company shifted from a functional structure to a divisional structure, the benefits may include:
Increased flexibility and responsiveness to changes in the market or customer needs, as each division can focus on a specific product or service.Increased accountability and ownership, as each division operates as a self-contained unit with its own goals and metrics.Improved decision-making and innovation, as each division has the freedom to develop its own strategies and processes.However, the risks of a divisional structure may include:
Duplication of resources and effort, as each division may develop its own support functions such as HR, IT, and finance, leading to increased costs and inefficiencies.Competition and conflict among divisions for resources and funding, leading to a lack of cooperation and coordination across the organization.Difficulty in maintaining consistency and standards across divisions, leading to variations in quality and customer experience.Possible loss of economies of scale, as the organization may not be able to leverage its size and purchasing power across all divisions.Overall, the decision to shift from a functional structure to a divisional structure depends on the specific circumstances of the organization and its goals. A divisional structure may be beneficial for organizations that need to be more flexible and responsive to market changes, but it may not be suitable for organizations that require tight coordination and standardization across functions and products.
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Why do shopping carts at grocery stores in Vancouver typically
require a security deposit of $1, but in Prince Rupert, only 25
cents?
Shopping carts at grocery stores in Vancouver typically require a security deposit of $1, but in Prince Rupert, only 25 cents because of the problem of missing or abandoned shopping carts.In grocery stores, shopping carts are often used for customer convenience, but they become a problem when not returned after use.
To keep carts in good condition, stores have to send employees to collect them from all over the parking lot, which takes time and labor. Carts are also subject to damage when left out in the parking lot. These issues are addressed by requiring a security deposit. In Vancouver, because shopping carts are frequently missing or abandoned in parking lots, stores require a higher deposit to encourage customers to return the carts to their designated areas. The $1 deposit encourages customers to return the cart, as they will want to get their money back.In Prince Rupert, on the other hand, stores require only a 25-cent deposit for carts because it is not as much of a problem.
Carts are more likely to be returned to their designated areas without a higher deposit. As a result, stores can operate more efficiently with a lower deposit.Based on the information provided, the security deposit for shopping carts is higher in Vancouver because of the problem of missing or abandoned carts, while the deposit is lower in Prince Rupert because this is not as much of an issue. the deposit differs between the two locations. In shopping cart security deposits vary based on local conditions and the extent of the problem of missing or abandoned carts.
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1. The conversion cycle comprises two major subsystems: Blank 1 and Blank 2 systems.
2. a Ledger is a book of Blank 1 that reflects the financial effects of the firm transactions.
The conversion cycle comprises two major subsystems: production and sales systems.
A ledger is a book of accounts that reflects the financial effects of the firm's transactions.
1. The process of turning raw materials into finished products and then selling them to customers is referred to as the conversion cycle. It involves a number of steps such as purchasing raw materials, producing goods, and selling them. Activities like sourcing materials, manufacturing, quality assurance and inventory management are all included in the production system. The sales system includes tasks for marketing, processing sales orders, managing customer relationships and distribution.
2. An essential element of the accounting system that is used to track and compile financial transactions is a ledger. It is a book or electronic record with individual accounts that classifies and organizes financial data. A distinct category such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenues or expenses is represented by each account. The ledger provides a chronological and organized record of the transactions that are recorded in the corresponding accounts. The ledger is necessary for keeping precise financial records, monitoring the company's financial position and creating financial statements.
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Janet has $4,000 in undergraduate education expenses. Which of the following is her best choice for a tax credit based on this, if her adjusted gross income is $50,000? a. Student interest deduction b. American Opportunity Credit c. Student tuition deduction d. Lifetime Learning Credit
American Opportunity Credit. This credit provides a higher potential credit amount, is specifically designed for undergraduate education expenses, and offers the possibility of a partial refund if the credit exceeds the tax liability.
Which of the following is Janet's best choice for a tax credit based on her $4,000 undergraduate education expenses and adjusted gross income of $50,000: Student interest deduction, American Opportunity Credit, Student tuition deduction, Lifetime Learning Credit?To determine the best choice for a tax credit based on Janet's $4,000 undergraduate education expenses and her adjusted gross income of $50,000, let's consider the available options:
Student interest deduction:
The student interest deduction allows individuals to deduct up to $2,500 of interest paid on qualified student loans. It does not directly apply to undergraduate education expenses. Therefore, this option is not applicable in Janet's case.
American Opportunity Credit:
The American Opportunity Credit is a tax credit available to eligible students for qualified education expenses, including undergraduate education expenses. It provides a credit of up to $2,500 per year for the first four years of post-secondary education.
This credit is partially refundable, meaning it can reduce tax liability and result in a refund if the credit exceeds the tax owed. Given that Janet has undergraduate education expenses, the American Opportunity Credit seems to be a suitable choice.
Student tuition deduction:
The student tuition deduction allows individuals to deduct qualified tuition and related expenses, but it is not as beneficial as the American Opportunity Credit. This deduction is generally not as advantageous as a tax credit since it reduces taxable income rather than directly reducing the tax liability. Therefore, this option is not as favorable as the American Opportunity Credit.
Lifetime Learning Credit:
The Lifetime Learning Credit is another tax credit for eligible students and lifelong learners. It provides a credit of up to $2,000 per year for qualified education expenses, including undergraduate and graduate education expenses.
However, it is non-refundable, meaning it can only reduce tax liability and cannot result in a refund. Compared to the American Opportunity Credit, the Lifetime Learning Credit offers a lower maximum credit amount and is not as advantageous in Janet's case.
Based on the available options and Janet's situation, the best choice for a tax credit would be:
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Use the following information for the next two items: On June 30, 2019, Ledsen Corporation leased a vehicle to Sleeping Co. Ledsen Corporation had purchased the vehicle on that day for its fair value of P89,721. The lease agreement, which cost Ledsen Corporation P1,457 to have drawn up, contained the following. Lease term - 4 years Economic life of vehicle - 6 years Annual payment, payable in advance on June 30 each year - P23,900 ▪ Estimated residual value at end of lease term - P15,000 ▪ Residual value guarantee - P7,500 Interest rate implicit in the lease (known to Sleeping) - 7% Sleeping's incremental borrowing rate - 8% Included in the annual payment is an amount of P1,900 to cover reimbursement for the costs of insurance and maintenance paid by the lessor. The asset will be returned to the lessor at the end of the lease term. Sleeping Co.'s fiscal year end is June 30. Note: Round off present value factors to four decimal places. Round off amounts to the nearest peso. Based on the information above, answer the following:
1. How much is the initial measurement of the right of use asset?
2. What is the current portion of the lease liability as at June 30, 2020?
1. Calculation of the initial measurement of the right-of-use asset The initial measurement of the right-of-use asset is the sum of the lease liability and any initial direct costs incurred by the lessor, less any lease incentives received by the lessee. Initial direct costs refer to the cost incurred by the lessor to obtain a lease.
Therefore, the initial measurement of the right-of-use asset is P93,571.00.2. Calculation of the current portion of the lease liability as at June 30, 2020:Each year, the lease payment payable in advance on June 30 is P25,800, of which P23,900 is for the use of the asset, and P1,900 is for reimbursement of insurance and maintenance expenses.Using the information given, the carrying amount of the lease liability on June 30, 2019, was P92,114.78 (computed above). Hence, the lease liability balance at the start of the current year (July 1, 2019) is P92,114.78.
The total payment for the year ended June 30, 2020, is P25,800, of which P23,900 is for the use of the asset, and P1,900 is for insurance and maintenance expenses. The interest component of the lease payment is calculated as follows: Interest component = Lease liability at the beginning of the period x Interest rate Lease liability at the beginning of the period = P92,114.78Interest rate = 7%Interest component = P92,114.78 x 7% = P6,448.04
Therefore, the current portion of the lease liability as of June 30, 2020, is the sum of the principal payment (lease payment - interest component) for the current year and the remaining balance of the lease liability at the end of the current year. Current portion of lease liability = Lease liability at the beginning of the year + Lease payment - Interest component - Lease liability at the end of the year Lease liability at the beginning of the year = P92,114.78Lease payment = P23,900 + P1,900 = P25,800.
Interest component = P6,448.04Lease liability at the end of the year = P85,807.06 (computed below)Lease liability at the end of the year = Lease liability at the beginning of the year + Principal payment Lease liability at the beginning of the year = P92,114.78.
Principal payment = Lease payment - Interest component = P25,800 - P6,448.04 = P19,351.96Lease liability at the end of the year = P92,114.78 + P19,351.96 = P85,807.06.
Therefore, the current portion of the lease liability as at June 30, 2020, is P25,558.76 (computed below):Current portion of lease liability = P25,800 - P6,448.04 - P85,807.06 = P25,558.76
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A 20 degree full-depth steel spur pinion with 18 teeth is to transmit 2.5 hp at a speed of 600 rev/min. Using standard values, determine an appropriate diametral pitch and face width based on an allowable bending stress of 10 kpsi (which is adjusted for a fatigue notch factor). Ignore contact stress.
The appropriate values for the face width and diametral pitch are 0.02 in and 7.73 teeth/in, respectively. To determine the face width and diametral pitch of a 200 full-depth steel spur pinion with 18 teeth.
The diametral pitch (DP) is calculated by dividing the pitch circle diameter (d, in inches) by the number of teeth (z). Z / D (inch) = DP In other words, the number of teeth per 1" inch can be used to indicate the diametral pitch.
The pitch circle's diameter in teeth per inch is known as the diametral pitch (DP). Inverse inches (1/in) are used as the units for DP. The Circular Pitch (CP) is equal to the Diametral Pitch (DP) divided by it.
Both terms refer to the size of the gear tooth. In the metric system, the module is used, where a greater number indicates a larger gear tooth, whereas, in the imperial system, a higher number indicates a smaller gear tooth.
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Why is strategic planning necessary? Why do organizations engage in the strategic planning process? From your readings, what are your thoughts about the ACHE's strategic plan development process? Does it represent best practices, based on your textbook? Can you envision using a similar process within a general health care setting? Why or why not?
Strategic planning is necessary for organizations since it provides a roadmap for the company's future by specifying its vision, objectives, and priorities.
Strategic planning also allows businesses to identify and respond to critical internal and external environmental factors that might threaten their existence. Organizations engage in the strategic planning process to enhance their competitive advantage and increase their chances of long-term success. Strategic planning promotes the alignment of resources and activities with the organization's goals and objectives, resulting in increased productivity, improved decision-making, and enhanced communication. ACHE's strategic plan development process can be deemed as a best practice based on the material provided in the textbook. The planning process starts with a review of ACHE's internal and external environments to recognize areas where ACHE can enhance its services and expand its reach. A SWOT analysis is performed to identify the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. ACHE then uses its vision, mission, and values to guide the development of specific strategic goals and objectives. The strategic plan includes actions to achieve each goal, metrics to measure success, and timelines for implementation and review. As part of the planning process, ACHE engages its stakeholders, including board members, employees, and members, to get their input and buy-in for the plan. ACHE also recognizes that the strategic plan is a living document that needs to be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changing environmental circumstances.I can envision using a similar process within a general healthcare setting. The process is appropriate for any organization that wants to be proactive in shaping its future and enhancing its competitive advantage. A healthcare organization can use the same process to develop a strategic plan that aligns its resources and activities with its goals and objectives. The organization can also engage its stakeholders in the planning process to ensure that their input and buy-in are incorporated into the plan. The process of reviewing and updating the plan regularly will ensure that it remains relevant and effective.
In conclusion, strategic planning is necessary for organizations to identify and respond to critical internal and external environmental factors that might threaten their existence. Organizations engage in the strategic planning process to enhance their competitive advantage and increase their chances of long-term success. ACHE's strategic plan development process can be deemed as a best practice based on the material provided in the textbook. I can envision using a similar process within a general healthcare setting since the process is appropriate for any organization that wants to be proactive in shaping its future and enhancing its competitive advantage. The process of reviewing and updating the plan regularly will ensure that it remains relevant and effective.
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As discussed in class, Zappos has experimented with a unique organizational structure termed 'holacracy'. If you were an employee of an organization that suddenly switches over to a 'flatarchy' (no lines of reporting at all and everyone works in their own 'circle' , as at Zappos), what is the biggest problem you would experience ? You are free to offer your own perspective on the issue ; if you feel that there would be no problem at all in working in a 'holacracy', explain why you believe this is so.
The sudden switch from the traditional hierarchical structure of an organization to a flatarchy can be a major issue for employees. It may be a difficult change for those who have been used to working within a traditional organizational structure where managers and executives made all the decisions and gave out specific tasks to employees.
When an organization suddenly switches to a holacracy or flatarchy, it can lead to confusion among employees as they may not be sure what their exact roles and responsibilities are. Since there is no formal hierarchy, they may not know who to go to for guidance or direction on a particular task.
Also, the lack of structure may lead to a lack of accountability, as there may be no one to take responsibility for certain tasks or projects that are not completed on time or are not done to the required standard.
Furthermore, employees may experience a lack of clear goals and objectives. With no one in a formal position of leadership, it can be challenging for individuals to understand what the company's goals are and how they fit into achieving them. This can lead to confusion and a lack of motivation among employees since they may not see how their work contributes to the company's overall success.
Overall, the biggest problem employees would experience in a holacracy or flatarchy is the lack of structure, which can lead to confusion, lack of accountability, unclear goals, and ultimately, a lack of motivation among employees.
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Liabilities Assets Cash $55,000 Current Liabilities $60,000 Accounts Receivable $30,000 Common Stock $200,000 Inventory $70,000 Retained Earnings $125,000 Land $30,000 Building $200,000 Total Assets $
The calculation of total liabilities is done by adding up all the liabilities of a company. Liabilities are the amounts owed to creditors by the company. These can be short-term (due within one year) or long-term (due after one year).
calculate the total liabilities from the given information. Total liabilities = current liabilities Current liabilities are the liabilities that are expected to be paid within one year. The given current liabilities are $60,000.Therefore,Total liabilities = $60,000.The calculation of total assets is done by adding up all the assets of a company. Assets are the resources owned by the company that are expected to provide a future economic benefit.
These can be current (expected to be sold or used within one year) or long-term (expected to provide a benefit for more than one year).Total assets = cash + accounts receivable + inventory + land + building Total assets = $55,000 + $30,000 + $70,000 + $30,000 + $200,000Total assets = $385,000Therefore,Total liabilities = $60,000Total assets = $385,000.
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Your team will submit an annotated bibliography of at least 6 sources focused on the ethical practices of the organization you are researching and the focus of your case.
Organization:- Shopify
Word limit should be 750-1000 words minimum.
An annotated bibliography is a list of citations of books, articles, and documents that include a brief summary and critical assessment of each source.
In the given case, a team is assigned to submit an annotated bibliography of at least 6 sources focused on the ethical practices of the Shopify organization.
Following is the annotated bibliography of sources related to Shopify’s ethical practices: Annotated Bibliography
1. Yan, J., Ou, C., & Wu, J. (2019). Business Ethics and Business Performance: Evidence from the Financial Industry in China.
Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 945-960. doi 10.1007/s10551-017-3526-y.This study examined the relationship between business ethics and business performance in the Chinese financial industry. The results indicated that companies that adopt ethical practices tend to experience better business performance.2. Stamm, I., & Karapetrovic, S. (2019). An overview of ISO 26000:2010 on social responsibility and its implementation in Canada.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 530-541. doi 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.031.This article provides an overview of ISO 26000:2010 on social responsibility and its implementation in Canada. The study concluded that ISO 26000:2010 could act as a useful framework for companies to develop and implement ethical practices.3. Loza Adaui, C., & Loyola Tobar, F. (2020). Ethical Dilemmas in Human Resource Management. A Conceptual Framework.
Revista Publicando, 7(25), 71-90. doi 10.3916/RP.2020.25.05.This article presents a conceptual framework for ethical dilemmas in human resource management. The study highlights the importance of adopting ethical practices in human resource management to maintain organizational reputation.4. Brooks, L. J., & Dunn, P. (2018). Ethics as a Business Strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(2), 359-372. doi 10.1007/s10551-016-3154-y.
This study analyzed the importance of ethics as a business strategy. The findings suggested that companies that prioritize ethical practices tend to achieve better business outcomes.5. Kuyini, A. B., Alhassan, S. A., Kuyini, A. B., & Osman, I. (2019).
Examining the Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Commitment in Ghana's Mobile Telecommunication Industry. European Journal of Business and Management, 11(16), 7-18.6. Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (2018). The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications.
Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91. doi 10. 2307/258887 .The article provides an overview of the stakeholder theory of the corporation, its concepts, evidence, and implications.The study concluded that companies that practice ethical values are more likely to establish better relationships with stakeholders, leading to a better reputation and improved business outcomes.
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characteristics debt equity has a par, or face, value. no tax adjustments are made when calculating the cost of preferred stock.
Turnbull Enterprises' cost of preferred stock is approximately 9.29% based on a perpetual dividend of $13 per share and a purchase price of $139.84 per share.
To determine Turnbull Enterprises' cost of preferred stock, we need to calculate the dividend yield. The cost of preferred stock is equivalent to the dividend yield.
Given
Perpetual dividend = $13 per share
Price paid by investors = $139.84 per share
Dividend Yield = Annual Dividend / Price per Share
Since the dividend is perpetual, we can consider it as an annual dividend.
Annual Dividend = Perpetual Dividend = $13 per share
Dividend Yield = $13 / $139.84
Calculating this gives us
Dividend Yield = 0.0928648
Therefore, Turnbull Enterprises' cost of preferred stock, rounded to four decimal places, is approximately 0.0929 or 9.29%.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " Preferred stock is a hybrid security, because it has some characteristics typical of debt and others typical of equity. The following table lists various characteristics of preferred stock. Determine which of these characteristics is consistent with debt and which is consistent with equity. Characteristics Has a par, or face, value. No tax adjustments are made when calculating the cost of preferred stock. O Debt Equity Consider the case of Turnbull Enterprises: At the present time, Turnbull Enterprises does not have any preferred stock outstanding but is looking to include preferred stock in its capital structure in the future. Turnbull has found some institutional investors that are willing to purchase its preferred stock issue provided that it pays a perpetual dividend of $13 per share. If the investors pay $139.84 per share for their investment, then Turnbull's cost of preferred stock (rounded to four decimal places) will be"--
Perfect Population Projections Inc. (PPP) has entered into a contract with the city of Popular, Pennsylvania, to project the future population of the city. In recent years, Popular has become a desira
Perfect Population Projections Inc.'s projected population growth rate for Popular, Pennsylvania for the following ten years is essential for informing the city council's investment decisions in public utilities and infrastructure.
The municipal council can predict future demand for housing, transit, healthcare, education, and other critical services by analyzing the predicted population growth rate. It enables them to plan for and distribute resources in accordance with the needs of a growing population. The size and timing of infrastructure development projects, such as creating new roads, enhancing public transportation, or putting up more schools and hospitals, can be influenced by population estimates. Additionally, it makes it possible for the city council to prepare for the rising need for services, recreational areas, and other amenities that enhance citizens' quality of life.
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--The complete Question is, What is the estimated population growth rate for Popular, Pennsylvania, over the next decade according to Perfect Population Projections Inc., and how can this information guide the city council's decision-making regarding infrastructure and public service investments?--
French and
Raven (1959) developed a taxonomy to classify different types of
power according to their source. This taxonomy includes five
different types of power (List
and
explain those five
types).
French and Raven (1959) developed a taxonomy to classify different types of power according to their source. This taxonomy includes five different types of power. They are as follows:
coercive power
Referent power
Reward power
Expert power
Legitimate power
coercive power- Coercive power is power that comes from the belief that an individual can harm others and control their outcomes. The coercive power is, thus, directed to get individuals to avoid the undesirable outcomes.
Referent power- Referent power is the power that comes from identification with an individual who has attractive resources or personal traits. These traits may include charisma, personality, and other characteristics.
Reward power- Reward power is the power that comes from the ability to provide rewards to others. It is based on the belief that people will respond well when they receive rewards.
Expert power- Expert power is power that comes from an individual’s specialized knowledge or skills. Expert power is a power that is derived from the belief that others depend on the expertise or information of an individual.
Legitimate power- Legitimate power is power that comes from a formal position in an organization or social structure. It is power that is based on the perception that an individual has the right to prescribe the behaviors of others based on the position that the individual holds.
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On February 1, 2021, Arrow Construction Company entered into a three-year construction contract to build a bridge for a price of $8,240,000. During 2021, costs of $2,080,000 were incurred with estimat
The percentage of completion for the construction contract is 33.33%. The revenue recognized for 2021 is $2,746,320, and the expenses recognized are $2,079,840
The percentage of completion and recognize revenue and expenses for the construction contract using the percentage-of-completion method, we need to determine the progress towards completion based on costs incurred.
Contract Price: $8,240,000
Costs incurred in 2021: $2,080,000
Estimated total costs: $6,240,000
The percentage of completion:
Percentage of Completion = (Costs incurred / Estimated total costs) × 100
Percentage of Completion = (2,080,000 / 6,240,000) × 100
Percentage of Completion = 33.33%
The revenue recognized:
Revenue Recognized = Contract Price × Percentage of Completion
Revenue Recognized = 8,240,000 × 0.3333
Revenue Recognized = $2,746,320
The expenses recognized:
Expenses Recognized = Total estimated costs × Percentage of Completion
Expenses Recognized = 6,240,000 × 0.3333
Expenses Recognized = $2,079,840
Based on the information provided, the percentage of completion for the construction contract is 33.33%. The revenue recognized for 2021 is $2,746,320, and the expenses recognized are $2,079,840.
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What is the wage elasticity of labor demand in the long run if L^L/R = (5/6. ()-2/3?
The wage elasticity of labor demand in the long run is -2/3.
The labor demand function given to us:
[tex]L^{LR}=(\frac{r}{5})^{\frac{5}{6}}.(\frac{w}{2})^\frac{-2}{3}[/tex]
Where,
L^LR represents long run equilibrium level of employment,
r represents capital labor ratio, and
w represent wage rate.
Elasticity of labor demand with respect to wages:
E(w) = (w/L) × dL/dw
Taking the natural logarithm in the equation yields:
ln(L^LR) = (5/6) × ln(r/5) - (2/3) × ln(w/2)
dL/dw = -(2/3) × (L^LR) × (1/w)
Plugging the given values into the elasticity formula, we get:
E(w) = (w/L^LR) × dL/dw
= -(2/3)
Therefore, the wage elasticity of labor demand in the long run is -2/3.
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The U.S. government provided substantial fiscal stimulus from spring of 2020 to summer 2021. During this time, public health interventions reduced the production of services, but not of goods. Use the AS/AD framework to answer the following questions. a) How should the stimulus policies be represented in aggregate demand and aggregate supply? On a graph, show how the curves shift when the stimulus goes into effect in a recession. Show how the increase in spending is reflected in the AD and AS equations. b) Explain (using graphs and simple equations) how inflation and output might respond to the expenditure increase. c) Your answer to part b shows how inflation and output change over time. Explain how consumption (C/Y) and investment (1/Ỹ) change at over the same period. (Use the IS-MP diagram to help explain.) d) In response to the Covid-19 lockdowns, the Fed lowered the fed funds rate (which had only been recently raised). Use your AS/AD model to explain how this would affect output and inflation in the absence of the stimulus payments.
a) The stimulus policies would be represented in aggregate demand and aggregate supply by shifting the curves of the AS/AD model. The fiscal stimulus leads to an increase in government spending, which directly increases aggregate demand (AD) at each price level.
Additionally, the fiscal stimulus may increase productivity and labor supply, which increases aggregate supply (AS) as well, but to a smaller extent.
AD = C + I + G + NXAS equation: AS = F (L, K, H) + technology + natural resources,where C represents consumption, I represents investment, G represents government spending, NX represents net exports, L represents labor, K represents capital, H represents natural resources, and F represents a production function
.b) Inflation and output might respond to the expenditure increase in the following ways:In the short run, the increase in aggregate demand (AD) resulting from the stimulus will lead to higher output (GDP) and higher prices. This is due to the fact that the supply of goods and services is fixed in the short run, so an increase in demand can only be met by higher prices (inflation).
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A company reports the following income statement and balance sheet information for the current year:
Net income $429,000
Interest expense 75,700
Average total assets 5,150,000
Determine the return on total assets.
The return on total assets is 8.35% for the current year. It indicates the company's profitability in relation to its average total assets.
To calculate the return on total assets, we need to divide the net income by the average total assets. In this case, the net income is $429,000, and the average total assets are $5,150,000.
Return on Total Assets = Net Income / Average Total Assets
= $429,000 / $5,150,000
= 0.0835
To express this value as a percentage, we multiply it by 100.
Return on Total Assets = 0.0835 * 100
= 8.35%
The return on total assets indicates the profitability of a company's assets. It measures how efficiently a company is utilizing its assets to generate profits. In this case, the company has a return on total assets of 8.35%, which means that for every dollar of average total assets, the company generated a profit of 8.35 cents.
This metric is important for investors and stakeholders as it provides insights into the company's ability to generate profits from its assets. A higher return on total assets is generally favorable, indicating that the company is effectively utilizing its assets to generate profits. On the other hand, a lower return on total assets may suggest inefficiencies or underutilization of assets.
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Frosty Frozen Treats (FFT) was established in 1995, in Nanaimo, BC, by Sue Lie to produce natural ice creams using only milk, sugar, chocolate, and fruits. The company prides itself on its wide selection of varieties and uses no preservatives or stabilizers. Sue is planning to take the company public within the next few years; however, he doubts the recent turbulence in the equity markets due to the global economic slowdown. The IPO market has become much more competitive as investors are hesitant to take on the risks associated with small-cap companies. Only companies with a strong financial position and earnings growth have been greeted positively by the equity markets. You are a CPA, and the FFT controller is preparing the year-end financial statements and external audit working paper file. He asked you to review the following transactions that took place during the year
government bonds
FFT recently sold one of its diverse business operations and presently has a cash balance of ten million dollars. Because it has not yet identified another suitable investment opportunity for its funds, it purchases medium-term (3-year maturity), high-quality government bonds in order to earn interest. A suitable investment opportunity is considered likely to be discovered prior to the maturity date, and in that case. FFT intends to sell the bonds and use the funds to acquire a business. FFT intends to hold the bonds until they reach their contractual maturity date. On July 1, the bond fund was trading at $5 per share, and on December 31, it was trading at $10 per share. This bond fund is being held at par.
Purchases a bond
FFT purchases a bond for $441,014 on 1 Jan 2020. It will be redeemed on 31 December 2023 for $600,000. FFT intends to hold the bond to maturity, and it carries no interest coupon. The final payment of $600,000 consists entirely of compensation for principal advanced by FFT and accrued interest thereon. The effective rate of return is 8%. Sue has not recorded the transaction and would like to know the interest for the years amount
redeemable and retractable preferred shares
On January 1, 2020, FFT issued 3,000 redeemable and retractable preferred shares at a value of $1 per share. The shares are redeemable by FFT at any time after January 2023. The shares are retractable for the original $1 per share at the discretion of the holder at any time up to January 2023, after which the retractable feature expires. The preferred shares require the payment of a mandatory $2 per share during the retraction period, after which the dividends become noncumulative and are paid at the discretion of the board only.
common shares
During the prior year, FFT purchased 10% of the common shares of Crispy Cones (CC), a producer of waffle ice cream cones, for $200,000. The shares of CC are not publicly traded, and the purchase price was established as five times net income of $40,000. The past fiscal year has proved to be a challenge for CC due to increased competition, commodity price inflation, and an inability to raise prices due to limits on consumer discretionary spending. CC’s most recent financial statements report reveals net income of $27,500.
Please Note this is Critical Thinking Case Study
PLease use CPA Format. Add Issues, Handbook Analysis using CPA Standards, Recommendation, and Calculation
The interest earned on government bonds for the year is $158,986. The redeemable and retractable preferred shares allow FFT to redeem them after January 2023, and the common shares of Crispy Cones (CC) do not have any specific issues mentioned.
Based on the provided information, here are the answers to the questions:
1. Interest earned on government bonds for the year:
- The bonds were purchased on January 1, 2020, for $441,014 and will be redeemed on December 31, 2023, for $600,000.
- The effective rate of return is 8%.
- The interest for the year can be calculated as the difference between the redemption amount and the initial investment, which represents the accrued interest over the holding period.
- Interest = Redemption Amount - Initial Investment = $600,000 - $441,014 = $158,986.
2. The issues related to the redeemable and retractable preferred shares are as follows:
- The shares are redeemable by FFT at any time after January 2023.
- The shares are retractable for the original value of $1 per share at the discretion of the holder until January 2023.
- After January 2023, the retractable feature expires.
- During the retraction period, the holders can exercise the retractable feature by receiving $2 per share.
- After the retraction period, dividends become noncumulative and are paid at the discretion of the board only.
3. No specific issues were mentioned regarding the common shares of Crispy Cones (CC) in the provided information.
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