The kind of financial instruments are included in this sensitivity analysis are - Equity Instruments, Interest Rate Instruments, Currency Instruments, Commodities instruments, and Derivative Instruments is the answer.
Sensitivity analysis is an important tool used by IBM to identify and analyze the various sources of specific risk, which affect its business operations. This tool helps in determining the impact of different market risk exposures on the fair value of the company's assets. It identifies the specific risks that impact IBM's financial position and assists in developing effective risk management strategies.
Financial instruments that are included in sensitivity analysis are as follows:
Equity Instruments: This financial instrument includes stocks, common shares, and preferred stocks. These are highly volatile and subject to fluctuations due to market conditions. They are the most important sources of financial risk that are included in sensitivity analysis.
Interest Rate Instruments: These financial instruments include bonds, bills, and other interest rate-sensitive instruments. They are subject to fluctuations in interest rates and can result in changes in the value of IBM's assets.
Currency Instruments: These financial instruments include foreign exchange rates, and their fluctuations can impact IBM's assets' value.
Commodities instruments: Commodities like gold, oil, and other precious metals can be included in this financial instrument. Changes in their prices can lead to a change in the value of the company's assets.
Derivative Instruments: These financial instruments include futures, options, swaps, and other financial contracts. They are highly sensitive to changes in market conditions and can impact the value of IBM's assets.
Thus, these are the financial instruments included in sensitivity analysis to determine the impact of different market risk exposures on the fair value of the company's assets.
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How to do the following Questions?
1) Provide any 4 characteristics of a perfect competitive firm?
2) What are the short-run profits for a perfect competitive firm?
3) What is the supply curve of the above firm? Explain.
4) Identify the long-run profit for the same firm and describe how it is achieved.
5) Is perfect competitive structure efficient? Why or why not?
Characteristics of a perfect competitive firm are: Large number of buyers and sellers: This feature signifies the existence of a large number of buyers and sellers in the market who can sell or buy the same product as another vendor or buyer, with no market power.
No entry barriers: Firms can freely enter and exit the market in the long run, with no obstacles in place.Easy availability of information: All consumers and producers have access to complete market information that includes the current market price, quality of goods, or any other information relevant to the product.Homogeneous products: The products sold in a perfectly competitive market are undifferentiated or homogeneous.2) In the short run, a perfectly competitive firm's profit is earned when the price exceeds its average total cost, including fixed costs. If the firm's total revenue exceeds its total variable costs, the firm will still produce in the short run.3) In a perfectly competitive market, the supply curve of the firm is its short-run marginal cost curve above the minimum point of the average variable cost curve.
4) A perfectly competitive firm earns zero long-run profits, as entry and exit lead to an equilibrium of supply and demand that drives the price to the lowest level at which firms' average total costs are covered. In the long run, the firm's supply curve will intersect its average cost curve at its lowest point.
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the administrator has created new users for ten new employees at northern trail outfitters. why are these users unable to access the account object in the salesforce or?
The users are unable to access the account object in the Salesforce because they are not assigned the required permission. The administrator has created new users for ten new employees at Northern Trail Outfitters.
The access to the account object depends on the settings of the profile. A profile defines the objects that a user can access, the fields of those objects, the types of records that a user can see and edit, and the Visualforce pages, Apex classes, and other customization that a user can access.The administrator may have created the new users and assigned them a standard profile that does not provide them access to the Account object.
The access to the account object should be granted to the users by assigning a custom profile to the new users or updating their existing profile. The profile should have the required permissions to access the Account object. In Salesforce, the access to any object can be controlled by using permission sets. Permission sets are used to grant additional permissions to the users. Permission sets can be created and assigned to the users. A permission set provides additional permissions to a user that are not available in the user’s profile. So, the administrator can create a permission set to grant access to the Account object to the new users.
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AT Deductible and VAT Received for Company C in a given tax period are as follows.
Month
VAT Deductible (TRY)
VAT Received (TRY)
VAT Tax Return (TRY)
April 2020
450.000
300.000
May 2020
300.000
100.000
June 2020
350.000
750.000
Required: a) Fill VAT tax return number on the table for each month. (5 points)
b) Close the VAT Accounts and make the journal entries at the end of April, May, June 2020. (5 points)
c) If it is necessary make journal entries for VAT payment to the tax offices on 26 May, 26 June, 26 July 2020. (5 points)
VAT tax return number on the table for each month and closing the VAT Accounts and the journal entries at the end of April, May, June 2020 and for VAT payment to the tax offices on 26 May, 26 June, 26 July 2020 are done below.
a) Fill VAT tax return number on the table for each month:
Month VAT Deductible (TRY) VAT Received (TRY) VAT Tax Return (TRY)
April 2020 450,000 300,000 150,000
May 2020 300,000 100,000 200,000
June 2020 350,000 750,000 -400,000
b) Close the VAT Accounts and make the journal entries at the end of April, May, June 2020:
End of April 2020:
VAT Deductible Account (balance) 450,000
VAT Received Account (balance) 300,000
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) -150,000
VAT Deductible Account 450,000
VAT Received Account 300,000
VAT Tax Return Account -150,000
End of May 2020:
VAT Deductible Account (balance) 300,000
VAT Received Account (balance) 100,000
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) 200,000
VAT Deductible Account 300,000
VAT Received Account 100,000
VAT Tax Return Account 200,000
End of June 2020:
VAT Deductible Account (balance) 350,000
VAT Received Account (balance) 750,000
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) -400,000
VAT Deductible Account 350,000
VAT Received Account 750,000
VAT Tax Return Account -400,000
c) Journal entries for VAT payment to the tax offices on 26 May, 26 June, 26 July 2020:
VAT Payment on 26 May 2020:
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) 200,000
Bank Account (payment amount) -200,000
VAT Tax Return Account -200,000
Bank Account 200,000
VAT Payment on 26 June 2020:
VAT Tax Return Account (balance) -400,000
Bank Account (payment amount) -400,000
VAT Tax Return Account -400,000
Bank Account 400,000
VAT Payment on 26 July 2020:
No journal entry is required as there is no VAT tax return amount to be paid to the tax office for July 2020.
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Labor Demand Data Total Labor Supply Data Product Employment Product Price Employment Wage Rate. 0 0 $2.20 0 1 15 2.00 $7.00 2 28 1.80 8.00 3 39 1.60 9.00 4 48 1.40 10.00 5 55 1.20 11.00 A 6 60 1.00 6
An increase in employment wage rate leads to an increase in labor supply, and an increase in product price leads to a decrease in labor supply.
The chart shows the Labor Supply and Labor Demand schedule. It indicates that the labor demand at a different wage level for a particular product is inversely proportional to its wage rate while labor supply is directly proportional to the wage rate.The initial wage rate for the product is $2.20.
At this wage level, the supply of labor is zero while the demand is also zero. When the wage rate rises to $7, the number of employees hired is 15, and the product price remains $2.
The demand for labor increases when the wage rate falls. As the wage rate falls to $1.20, the product price rises to $11, and the demand for labor increases to 55.
Besides, an increase in product employment leads to an increase in labor demand, and an increase in the wage rate leads to a decrease in labor demand. An increase in employment wage rate leads to an increase in labor supply, and an increase in product price leads to a decrease in labor supply.
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It would be of immense help if you would respond by submitting to the Board of Baylor a report that incorporates ALG's formal banking advice: a) on Baylor's prevailing WACC, with supporting calculations and including the following computed items in your calculations: i. growth rate, g. 11. dividend yield. 111. cost of equity. iv. internal rate of return on the redeemable debentures. Pre-tax cost of debt. V. Post-tax cost of debt.
To provide general guidance on calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), but please note that you should consult with a financial professional or refer to your company's financial statements for accurate and up-to-date information.
To calculate the WACC, you would typically follow these steps:
1. Determine the capital structure: Identify the proportion of equity and debt in Baylor's capital structure. This can be done by examining the company's financial statements or consulting with relevant stakeholders.
2. Calculate the cost of equity: The cost of equity represents the return expected by equity investors. It can be estimated using various methods, such as the dividend discount model (DDM) or the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).
3. Calculate the cost of debt: The cost of debt represents the interest rate paid on outstanding debt. It can be calculated by considering the pre-tax and post-tax cost of debt. The pre-tax cost of debt is the interest rate Baylor pays on its debt, while the post-tax cost of debt takes into account any tax benefits associated with interest expenses.
4. Determine the dividend yield: The dividend yield is the dividend per share divided by the stock price. It represents the return generated by dividends.
5. Calculate the growth rate: The growth rate reflects the expected rate at which Baylor's earnings or dividends are expected to grow over time. This can be estimated based on historical data, industry projections, or other relevant factors.
6. Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) on the redeemable debentures: The IRR represents the rate of return that makes the present value of the debenture's cash flows equal to its initial investment. This can be calculated using financial modeling techniques.
Once you have calculated the above components, you can apply the WACC formula, which is typically expressed as:
WACC = (E/V) * Ke + (D/V) * Kd * (1 - Tc)Where:
E/V is the equity proportion in the capital structureKe is the cost of equityD/V is the debt proportion in the capital structureKd is the cost of debtTc is the corporate tax rateAbout AverageThe average is a number that represents a set of data. In statistics, mean, average, or mean has three related meanings: Arithmetic mean, the meaning most commonly known to the layman. Expected value of a random modifier. A measure of the centrality of a probability distribution.
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Benz Incorporated has 600,000 shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2017. An additional 100,000 shares of common stock were issued on April 1, 2018, and 50,000 more on July 1, 2018. On October 1, 2018, Benz declared a 10% common stock dividend. On November 1, Benz purchased 12,000 of its own stock. a) What was the number of shares to be used in computing basic earnings per share? b) If net income is $950,000 and preferred dividends paid is $90,000, compute EPS to the nearest penny. SHOW ALL COMPUTATIONS for a & b.
Benz Incorporated had 600,000 shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2017, but issued additional 100,000 shares of common stock on April 1, 2018, and 50,000 more on July 1, 2018. It used 738,000 shares to calculate basic earnings per share.
A. Benz Incorporated has 600,000 shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2017. An additional 100,000 shares of common stock were issued on April 1, 2018, and 50,000 more on July 1, 2018. However, on November 1, Benz purchased 12,000 of its own stock. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is computed by adding all the shares issued, outstanding, and repurchased throughout the year. Outstanding shares are the ones currently held by shareholders, while the issued shares are the ones authorized by the company but not held by shareholders. Therefore, the computation of the total shares used for the basic earnings per share is as follows; December 31, 2017: 600,000 sharesApril 1, 2018: 100,000 sharesJuly 1, 2018:
50,000 shares total = 600,000 + 100,000 + 50,000 = 750,000 shares.
Then since the company repurchased 12,000 shares on November 1, the total shares used for the basic earnings per share will be calculated as 750,000 - 12,000 = 738,000 shares.B.
In order to calculate earnings per share, the formula for earnings per share is as follows:EPS = (Net Income – Preferred Dividends) / Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
Therefore, using the figures provided above, EPS will be calculated as follows:EPS = ($950,000 – $90,000) / 738,000EPS = $860,000 / 738,000EPS = $1.17 per share
Therefore, the EPS to the nearest penny is $1.17 per share.
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According to Women’s Day magazine (Jan. 2007), 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again if given the chance. Consider the number x in a random sample of 12 married women who would marry their husbands again. Identify the discrete probability distribution that best models the distribution of x and provide its parameters. (2)
The United States Department of Agriculture reports that, under its standard inspection system one in every 100 slaughtered chickens passes inspection for faecal contamination. Find the probability that, in a random sample of 6 slaughtered chickens, at least one passes inspection for faecal inspection. (3)
Nite Time Inn has a toll-free telephone number so that customers can call at any time to make a reservation. A typical call takes about 4 minutes to complete, and the time required follows an exponential distribution. Find the probability (by hand and using MS Excel) that a call takes: (7)
3 minutes or less.
exceed 5 minutes.
Suppose that a construction project’s completion time has been deemed to follow a normal distribution. Moreover, it is observed that the expected completion time of the project is 40 weeks, and the variance is 9. (8)
What is the probability that the project will be finished in 46 weeks or less?
What is the probability that the project will take longer than 46 weeks?
The manager wishes to set the due date for the completion of the project so that there is a 90% chance of finishing on schedule. What should this due date be (in terms of weeks)?
Given the question:According to Women’s Day magazine (Jan. 2007), 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again if given the chance. Consider the number x in a random sample of 12 married women who would marry their husbands again. Identify the discrete ratio distribution that best models the distribution of x and provide its parameters. (20)
The discrete probability distribution that best models the distribution of x is a binomial distribution, whose parameters are as follows:n = 12 (since there are 12 married women in the sample)p = 0.5 (since 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again, p = 0.5)
Explanation:A binomial distribution is used to model the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials with a constant probability of success on each trial. In this case, the "success" is a married woman who would marry her current husband again, and the probability of success is 0.5 (since 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again). Therefore, a binomial distribution is the appropriate model. The parameters of the binomial distribution are n (the number of trials) and p (the probability of success on each trial). In this case, n = 12 (since there are 12 married women in the sample) and p = 0.5 (since 50% of married women would marry their current husbands again).
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Owners of a business organized as a partnership: are subject to unlimited liability. face double taxation on any realized profits. are not likely involved in the day-to-day operations of the partnership. are responsible for liabilities in proportion to their ownership percentage.
Owners of a business organized as a partnership are responsible for liabilities in proportion to their ownership percentage. They are not subject to double taxation on any realized profits and are not likely to be involved in the day-to-day operations of the partnership.
A partnership is a form of business organization in which two or more individuals share ownership. They split profits and losses between them. A general partnership is one of the most common forms of partnership. Limited partnerships are also available. These partnerships have at least one general partner and one limited partner. The general partner has unlimited liability for the partnership's debts, while the limited partner is only liable for the amount of money they invested in the partnership.Owners of a business organized as a partnership have unlimited liability for any debts or obligations incurred by the partnership.
In conclusion, the owners of a business organized as a partnership are responsible for liabilities in proportion to their ownership percentage and are not subject to double taxation on any realized profits. They are also likely to delegate day-to-day operations of the partnership to managers and other employees.
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1. In the blanks below, mark the following statements as either TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Capitalized cost refers to the present value of infinite service. 1, 2. It makes no difference in the final answer whether a rate of return equation is written in terms of P, A, or F 3. Public sector projects usually use lower interest rates than private sector projects. 4. Rate of return is defined as the rate of interest paid on the principal of a loan or investment. PW comparison is only one life cycle of each alternative. 5. 6. When comparing mutually exclusive projects by the ROR method, select all that have ROR 2 MARR (no incremental analysis is necessary). 7. The primary purpose of public sector is to provide services and profits for the private sector. B/C method used in public sector project evaluation B. 9. Engineers must maintain integrity and impartiality and always adhere to Code of Ethics. 10. Assets such lands are not depreciable.
It is true that land is typically considered a non-depreciable asset since its value does not typically decline over time.
FALSE (F): Capitalized cost refers to the present value of future costs, not infinite service.TRUE (T): The final answer will be the same regardless of whether the rate of return equation is written in terms of Present Value (P), Future Value (F), or Annuity (A).FALSE (F): Public sector projects may use different interest rates depending on various factors, but it is not necessarily lower than private sector projects.FALSE (F): Rate of return refers to the percentage return on an investment or project, not just the rate of interest paid on the principal.Not provided: There is no statement provided for number 5.Not provided: There is no statement provided for number 6.FALSE (F): The primary purpose of the public sector is not to provide profits for the private sector but rather to serve the public interest and provide essential services.Not provided: There is no statement provided for number 8.TRUE (T): Engineers are expected to maintain integrity, impartiality, and adhere to a Code of Ethics in their professional practice.TRUE (T): Land is typically considered a non-depreciable asset since its value does not typically decline over time.The correct question is:
Mark the following statements as either TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
1. Capitalized cost refers to the present value of infinite service.
2. It makes no difference in the final answer whether a rate of return equation is written in terms of P, A, or F.
3. Public sector projects usually use lower interest rates than private sector projects.
4. Rate of return is defined as the rate of interest paid on the principal of a loan or investment.
5. PW comparison is only one life cycle of each alternative.
6. When comparing mutually exclusive projects by the ROR method, select all that have ROR MARR (no incremental analysis is necessary).
7. The primary purpose of public sector is to provide services and profits for the private sector.
8. B/C method used in public sector project evaluation
9. Engineers must maintain integrity and impartiality and always adhere to Code of Ethics.
10. Assets such lands are not depreciable.
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job design involves how organizations design work that is performed in a company, rather than how jobs are structured. true or false
The given statement, "job design involves how organizations design work that is performed in a company, rather than how jobs are structured" is false. The process of structuring work to be productive and efficient is called job design. It covers both the design of the task itself and how it is carried out inside the company.
The process of designing a job include writing job descriptions, figuring out which skills and credentials are required for each position, and establishing how the task will be carried out. Work scheduling, performance goals, and feedback methods are other aspects of job design. Therefore, the structure and functionality of positions within an organization are both addressed by job design.
Establishing an employee's tasks, responsibilities, and the processes and practices they should utilize or adhere to is the process of designing their job. Coordinating and optimizing work processes in order to generate value and maximize performance is the core goal of job design or redesign. However, it's also a key component in producing high-quality employment, or "good work," that benefits both employees and their employers.
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The following precedence network is used for assembling a product. You have been asked to achieve a daily output rate of 40 units. Assume one day is Bhours. All times in this network are in minutes. What is the desired takt time mini? 60 60 60 20 70 50 120 20 to 01
The desired takt time is 13.5 minutes.
Takt time is the available time divided by the required production rate. In this case, we are aiming for a daily output rate of 40 units. Since there are B hours in a day, we need to convert this to minutes by multiplying by 60. Therefore, the available time is B * 60 minutes.
To calculate the takt time, we divide the available time by the desired production rate:
Takt time = Available time / Desired production rate
Takt time = (B * 60) / 40
Takt time = 60B / 40
Takt time = 1.5B
Given that one day is B hours, we substitute B = 24 into the equation:
Takt time = 1.5 * 24
Takt time = 36 minutes
Therefore, the desired takt time is 36 minutes.
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Westpac bank earns 5% on $4 billion of interest-earning assets. It has total liabilities of $2.5 billion, which on average costs 3%. If the bank has total equity of $2 billion, what is its Interest Rate Margin?
a.6.25% b.3.13% c.2.08% d.2.78%
2.Which of the following regulators is responsible for issuing the Australian financial services (AFS) licence?
a.Federal Treasury
b.The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA)
c.Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)
d.The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)
Answer : The correct answer is option c.
1. Calculation of Interest Rate Margin :
Interest rate margin is the difference between the interest rate a bank charges borrowers and the interest rate it pays depositors. It measures the profit a bank makes on its interest-earning assets.
It is calculated as follows:Interest Rate Margin = Interest rate on interest-earning assets - Interest rate on liabilities
Interest rate on interest-earning assets = 5%
Interest rate on liabilities = 3%
Equity = $2 billion
Total liabilities = $2.5 billion
Interest-earning assets = $4 billion
Therefore, Interest Rate Margin = 5% - 3% = 2%.The correct answer is option c.
2. Issuing of Australian Financial Services (AFS) licence :
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the regulatory body that issues the Australian Financial Services (AFS) license.
It is the licensing, markets, and consumer protection regulator for Australia's financial system, responsible for enforcing laws and regulations governing Australian companies and financial markets. The correct answer is option c.
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The RBA has decided to increase the cash rate in may 2020 in response to the higher inflation in Australia. Illustrate the impact of an increase in the cash rate by the RBA on investment and output by using the appropriate diagrams
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is the country's central bank and monetary authority. It is responsible for managing monetary policy, issuing banknotes, and supervising the payment system. The cash rate is the interest rate that commercial banks pay to borrow money from the RBA, and it is a key tool that the RBA uses to manage the economy.
In May 2020, the RBA increased the cash rate to address higher inflation in Australia. An increase in the cash rate has an impact on investment and output in the economy. Investment is the amount of money that firms spend on capital goods such as machinery, equipment, and buildings to produce goods and services. When the cash rate increases, it becomes more expensive for firms to borrow money from banks.
This increase in borrowing costs can discourage investment, as firms will be less likely to invest in new projects if they are more expensive to finance.An increase in the cash rate also affects output in the economy. Output is the total amount of goods and services produced in the economy. When the cash rate increases, it can cause a decrease in demand for goods and services. This is because higher borrowing costs can lead to higher interest rates for consumers, which can lead to a decrease in spending.
As a result, firms may produce fewer goods and services, leading to a decrease in output. To illustrate the impact of an increase in the cash rate on investment and output.
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Belkin Inc. has 109,000 shares of $3 par value common stock outstanding. Belkin declares a 49% stock dividend on March 2 when the stock’s market value is $81 per share.
Prepare journal entry for declaration of the stock dividend.
Record the declaration of a 49% stock dividend.
When a company declares a stock dividend, it distributes additional shares of stock to its existing shareholders as a form of dividend. The journal entry to record the declaration of a stock dividend includes increasing the common stock and crediting the common stock dividend distributable. Here is the journal entry for the declaration of a 49% stock dividend by Belkin Inc.:
Date: March 2
Debit: Common Stock Dividend Distributable (49% of Par Value * 109,000 shares)
Credit: Common Stock (49% of Par Value * 109,000 shares)
The Common Stock Dividend Distributable account is a temporary account that represents the value of the stock dividend to be distributed to the shareholders. The Common Stock account is increased to reflect the additional shares that will be issued as part of the dividend.
The specific amounts in the journal entry can be calculated as follows:
Common Stock Dividend Distributable = Par Value * Number of Shares * Dividend Percentage
= $3 * 109,000 * 49%
= $160,830
Common Stock = Par Value * Number of Shares * Dividend Percentage
= $3 * 109,000 * 49%
= $160,830
It's important to note that the market value of the stock is not directly involved in the journal entry for the declaration of the stock dividend. The market value is only relevant for determining the value of the dividend to be distributed to the shareholders.
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Complete the following by calculating the cash discount and net amount paid: (If more than one discount, assume date of last discount.) Date of Gross amount of invoice (freight charge already included
The cash discount is $26.00 and the net amount paid is $624.00.
To calculate the cash discount and net amount paid, we need to consider the terms of the invoice and the date of payment. The terms of the invoice state "4/10, 2/15, n/30." This means that if the payment is made within 10 days, a 4% discount can be applied. If the payment is made within 15 days, a 2% discount can be applied. Otherwise, the full amount is due within 30 days.
The date of payment is given as 8/15. Since this falls within the 10-day period, the 4% cash discount can be applied.
To calculate the cash discount, we multiply the gross amount of the invoice ($650) by the discount rate (4% or 0.04):
Cash discount = $650 * 0.04 = $26.00
The net amount paid is the gross amount minus the cash discount:
Net amount paid = $650 - $26.00 = $624.00
Therefore, the cash discount is $26.00, with a net payment of $624.00.
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Strategic Initiatives and CSR Blue Skies Inc. is a retail gardening company that is piloting a new strategic initiative aimed at increasing gross profit. Currently, the company's gross profit is 21% of sales, and its target gross profit percentage is 26%. The company's current monthly sales revenue is $480,000. The new initiative being piloted is to produce goods in-house instead of buying them from wholesale suppliers. Its in-house production process has two procedures. The makeup of the costs of production for Procedure 1 is 40% direct labor, 45% direct materials, and 15% overhead. The makeup of the costs of production for Procedure 2 is 60% direct labor, 30% direct materials, and 10% overhead. Assume that Procedure 1 costs twice as much as Procedure 2.
Determine what the cost of labor, materials, and overhead for both Procedures 1 and 2 would need to be for the company to meet its target gross profit.
To meet its target gross profit of 26%, Blue Skies Inc. would need the cost of labor, materials, and overhead for Procedure 1 to be 25% and for Procedure 2 to be 12.5% of sales revenue.
What percentage of sales revenue should be allocated to labor, materials, and overhead costs for both Procedure 1 and Procedure 2 to achieve the target gross profit?Blue Skies Inc. can adjust its cost structure to meet the target
gross profit of 26%. By analyzing the makeup of costs for Procedure 1 and Procedure 2, we can determine the required percentages for labor, materials, and overhead.
To calculate the cost of Procedure 1, which is twice as expensive as Procedure 2, we assign 40% of sales revenue to labor, 45% to materials, and 15% to overhead. This yields a total cost of 100%.
For Procedure 2, we allocate 60% to labor, 30% to materials, and 10% to overhead, resulting in a total cost of 100%.
To meet the target gross profit of 26%, we adjust the cost percentages for Procedure 1 and Procedure 2. The new cost percentages for Procedure 1 should be 25% for labor, 30% for materials, and 10% for overhead. As for Procedure 2, the revised percentages should be 12.5% for labor, 12.5% for materials, and 1% for overhead.
By implementing these adjusted cost percentages, Blue Skies Inc. can work towards achieving its target gross profit while producing goods in-house.
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Benitez Security Systems has an annual demand for a camera security system of 1500 units. The cost of the camera system is $400. Carrying cost rate is estimated at 30%, and the ordering cost is $30 per order. If the owner orders 100 she can get a 2% discount on the cost of the cameras. The company operates 300 days per year, therefore the daily demand is 5 units per day and the lead time to receive an order from the supplier is 5 days. What should be their ordering amount based on EOQ? What are the total costs based on EOQ?
Based on the EOQ model, the ordering amount should be 548 units, and the total costs would be approximately $24,802.12.
To calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), we can use the following formula:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * Annual Demand * Ordering Cost) / Carrying Cost)
Given:
Annual Demand = 1500 units
Ordering Cost = $30 per order
Carrying Cost Rate = 30% (0.3)
First, let's calculate the EOQ:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * 1500 * 30) / 0.3)
= sqrt(90000 / 0.3)
= sqrt(300000)
≈ 547.72
The ordering amount based on EOQ should be approximately 548 units.
Next, let's calculate the total costs based on EOQ:
Ordering Cost = (Annual Demand / EOQ) * Ordering Cost
= (1500 / 548) * 30
≈ $82.12
Carrying Cost = (EOQ / 2) * Carrying Cost Rate * Cost per Unit
= (548 / 2) * 0.3 * $400
= 274 * 0.3 * $400
= $24,720
Total Costs = Ordering Cost + Carrying Cost
= $82.12 + $24,720
≈ $24,802.12
Therefore, based on the EOQ model, the ordering amount should be 548 units, and the total costs would be approximately $24,802.12.
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The current potato price is $50/ton. If quantity demanded is at 220 million tons, how much must prices change before the market is in equilibrium? Market for Potatoes $200 75 240 $180
The prices must decrease by $10/ton for the market to reach equilibrium.
In order for the market to reach equilibrium, where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, the prices need to adjust accordingly. Currently, the price of potatoes is $50/ton, and the quantity demanded is 220 million tons. To determine the price change required for equilibrium, we need to analyze the market conditions.
If the quantity demanded is higher than the quantity supplied, it indicates a shortage in the market. In this case, the market is not in equilibrium, and prices need to decrease to encourage more suppliers to enter the market and increase the quantity supplied.
To calculate the required price change, we need to compare the quantity demanded with the quantity supplied at the given price of $50/ton. Unfortunately, the information provided is incomplete, as the quantities supplied at different prices are missing. Without this data, we cannot accurately determine the exact price change required for equilibrium.
However, based on the given information, we can conclude that the prices must decrease to some extent. If the market currently has a quantity demanded of 220 million tons but is not in equilibrium, we can infer that the current price of $50/ton is too high. Therefore, a decrease in price is necessary to encourage more suppliers and bring the market into equilibrium.
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The circular-flow diagram explains, in general terms, how the economy is organized and how participants in the economy interact with one another. True or False?
True. The circular-flow diagram explains, in general terms, how the economy is organized and how participants in the economy interact with one another.
It is a visual representation of the flow of goods and services and the money that flows between households, businesses, and the government.There are two main participants in the circular flow diagram. They are households and firms.
Households provide factors of production, such as labor and capital, to firms in exchange for income.
Firms use these factors of production to produce goods and services, which they sell to households and other firms. In turn, households and firms use the income they receive to purchase goods and services from each other and to pay taxes to the government.
The circular flow diagram also includes the government sector, which collects taxes from households and firms and provides public goods and services.
Additionally, the diagram includes the foreign sector, which represents the flow of goods, services, and money between the domestic economy and the rest of the world.In 150 words, the circular flow diagram is an important tool for understanding how the economy works. It shows how different participants in the economy interact with one another and how money and goods flow between them.
The diagram highlights the key roles of households, firms, the government, and the foreign sector in the economy. It also illustrates the importance of trade and international relations in a globalized economy.
By understanding the circular flow diagram, policymakers and analysts can make informed decisions about economic policies and strategies that can promote growth and development. Overall, the circular flow diagram is a useful tool for anyone seeking to gain a better understanding of the economy and how it works.
So, given statement is true.
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In general, which strategy is better suited to build brand equity? O Penetration pricing Skimming pricing O Loss-leader pricing None of the above as brand equity is based on advertising only
Brand equity is the term used to refer to the value of the brand itself, rather than the physical products or services that the brand offers. It's a concept that's measured in terms of how much consumers trust, like, and are loyal to a particular brand. A company can build brand equity in several ways. However, the skimming pricing strategy is better suited to building brand equity.
Skimming pricing is a strategy that involves setting a high price for a new product or service. The strategy is generally used by companies that are introducing new and innovative products or services to the market. The reason behind the strategy is to recover the research and development costs quickly. With this, the company can set up a high-profit margin before the competition comes up with a similar product. The high price also helps to create a perception of quality and exclusivity among early adopters and niche market segments.Why is skimming pricing a better strategy to build brand equity?By setting a high price, skimming pricing helps to create a perception of quality and exclusivity among early adopters and niche market segments. With this, the company can build a loyal customer base that associates the brand with high quality.
Furthermore, the high-profit margin allows the company to invest more in marketing and advertising. This investment helps the brand to build more awareness and familiarity in the market. It, in turn, reinforces the perception of the brand as high-quality and exclusive.As a result, skimming pricing is a better strategy to build brand equity than other pricing strategies such as penetration pricing or loss-leader pricing.
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simone+plans+to+manage+the+business,+which+means+that+she+will+have+to+quit+her+current+job.+suppose+that+the+interest+rate+(or+rate+of+return)+on+investments+in+the+economy+is+5%
Ginny's marketing company needs to generate at least $1,000,000 in annual profit to cover the opportunity cost of quitting her current job and the required investment of $80,000.
To calculate the annual cost of running Ginny's marketing company, we need to add up the various expenses. The expenses include the rent for the office space, employee wages, and materials/utilities. We also need to consider the opportunity cost of Ginny quitting her current job.
Annual cost of running the business;
Rent: $60,000
Employee wages: $200,000
Materials and utilities: $7,000
Total annual cost = $60,000 + $200,000 + $7,000 = $267,000
Opportunity cost;
Ginny currently earns $50,000 per year in her current job. If she starts her own business, she will have to quit and forgo this income. Therefore, the opportunity cost is $50,000.
Total annual cost including opportunity cost;
Total annual cost = Annual cost of running the business + Opportunity cost
Total annual cost = $267,000 + $50,000 = $317,000
Now, to consider the interest rate of 5%, we can calculate the minimum amount of annual profit Ginny's business needs to generate to cover the opportunity cost;
Profit = Opportunity cost / Interest rate
Profit = $50,000 / 0.05 = $1,000,000
Therefore, Ginny's marketing company needs to generate at least $1,000,000.
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--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is
"Calculating costs Ginny is working for a marketing firm making $50,000 per year but considers starting her own marketing company. Ginny has determined that to launch the business, she needs to invest $80,000 of her own funds. The annual cost of running the business will include $60,000 for the rent of the office space, $200,000 for employee wages, and $7,000 for materials and utilities. Ginny plans to manage the business, which means that she will have to quit her current job. Suppose that the interest rate (or rate of return) on investments in the economy is 5%."--
6. A manufacturing firm decided to build a factory. Choice is to be made between two types. Type A is characterized by following short-term production costs: CA = 80+20 +0.50; while type B: CB=50 +QB². a. If eight units of the product are to be manufactured, which type of the factory should be chosen? How many units need to be produced to justify building type A factory? Suppose the manufacturing company owns two factories (one of each type). If the total production is big enough it is optimal to maintain production in both factories. Explain why. Let us assume that planned production is 22 units. How the production should be divided between factories to minimize cost of production? b.
a) To determine which type of factory should be chosen, we need to compare the short-term production costs for each type given the desired production level.
For Type A factory:
CA = 80 + 20Q + 0.50Q²CA = 80 + 20(8) + 0.50(8)²CA = 80 + 160 + 0.50(64)CA = 80 + 160 + 32CA = 272For Type B factory:
CB = 50 + QB²CB = 50 + (8)²CB = 50 + 64CB = 114Based on the calculations, the short-term production cost for Type A factory (CA = 272) is higher than the cost for Type B factory (CB = 114) when producing eight units. Therefore, Type B factory should be chosen for this production level.
To justify building a Type A factory, we need to find the production level where the cost of Type A factory becomes lower than the cost of Type B factory.
CA = 80 + 20Q + 0.50Q²CB = 50 + QB²Setting the costs equal to each other:
80 + 20Q + 0.50Q² = 50 + QB²Simplifying and rearranging the equation:
0.50Q² - QB² + 20Q - 30 = 00.50Q(Q - 2B) + 10(Q - 3) = 0To justify building a Type A factory, the production level (Q) needs to be greater than 3 units. If the production level is 3 or less, Type B factory would have a lower cost.
b) If the total planned production is 22 units and it is optimal to maintain production in both factories, we need to determine the production allocation that minimizes the cost of production.
To minimize the cost, we need to find the point where the marginal cost of production is equal across the two factories. This means setting the marginal cost of Type A equal to the marginal cost of Type B.
The marginal cost for Type A factory is given by the derivative of the short-term production cost:
MC(A) = 20 + QThe marginal cost for Type B factory is given by the derivative of the short-term production cost:
MC(B) = 2QBSetting the marginal costs equal to each other:
20 + Q = 2QBSimplifying and rearranging the equation:
Q = 20 / (2B - 1)Substituting the given values:
Q = 20 / (2(8) - 1)Q = 20 / 15Q ≈ 1.33Therefore, to minimize the cost of production when planning for 22 units, approximately 1.33 units should be produced in Type A factory, and the remaining units (22 - 1.33 ≈ 20.67) should be produced in Type B factory.
About ProductionProduction is an activity to produce a good or service. The main economic activities of production are carried out by producers in order to produce goods to meet consumer needs.
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Question 5 Which of the following preference doesn't satisfy monotonicity? O Quasilinear preference O Perfect substitutes preference Bads O Cobb-Douglas Preference
The preference that does not satisfy monotonicity is the Cobb-Douglas preference. Monotonicity is a concept in economics that states that as the quantity of one good increases while holding the quantity of other goods constant, an individual's utility should also increase or remain unchanged. Hence option C) is correct.
The preference that does not satisfy monotonicity is the Cobb-Douglas preference. Monotonicity is a concept in economics that states that as the quantity of one good increases while holding the quantity of other goods constant, an individual's utility should also increase or remain unchanged. In other words, if a person receives more of a certain good, their preference should not decrease. Quasilinear preference and perfect substitutes preference Bads both satisfy monotonicity. Quasilinear preference means that one good is preferred while all others are perfect substitutes, and perfect substitutes preference Bads means that all goods are perfect substitutes for each other. However, Cobb-Douglas preference does not satisfy monotonicity. It is a type of utility function that involves the multiplication of goods raised to specific exponents. The exponents in the Cobb-Douglas utility function determine the relative importance of each good in the individual's preference. Due to the multiplicative nature of the function, an increase in the quantity of one good may not necessarily lead to an increase in utility if the exponent assigned to that good is less than 1. Consequently, Cobb-Douglas preference does not conform to the principle of monotonicity. Therefore option C) is correct.
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Note Complete question :
Question 5
Which of the following preference doesn't satisfy monotonicity?
A)Quasilinear preference
B)Perfect substitutes preference Bads
C)Cobb-Douglas Preference
Please provide clear explanation of every step in solution, outline formulas used in the exercise, if you handwriting, upload good quality pictures
Provide a detailed explanation using formulas and clear step-by-step instructions. Let's go through each subquestion again:
(1) Suppose R > 12. Find the Nash equilibrium of the game.
In this case, both investors will choose 'HOLD' because the central bank has enough foreign reserves to counter any attack. Therefore, the Nash equilibrium is A chooses 'HOLD' and B chooses 'HOLD'.(2) Suppose 4 < R < 6. Find the Nash equilibrium of the game.
In this case, the central bank has limited foreign reserves. If both investors choose 'HOLD', there is no successful attack. However, if one or both investors choose 'SELL', there is a possibility of a successful attack. As a result, the Nash equilibrium is A chooses 'SELL' and B chooses 'SELL'.(3) Suppose 6 < R < 12. Find the Nash equilibrium of the game.
Similar to the previous case, if both investors choose 'HOLD', there is no successful attack. However, if one or both investors choose 'SELL', there is a possibility of a successful attack. Therefore, the Nash equilibrium is A chooses 'HOLD' and B chooses 'SELL'.(4) Suppose R = 10. Find the critical value of FA such that there is no possibility of speculative attacks if FA > FA.
To determine the critical value of FA, we need to find the maximum payoff from choosing 'SELL' and set it lower than the payoff from choosing 'HOLD'. From the given payoff functions, the maximum payoff from choosing 'SELL' is R/2 - FA. Setting it lower than the payoff from choosing 'HOLD' (which is 0), we have R/2 - FA < 0. Solving for FA, we get FA > R/2. So, the critical value of FA is R/2.(5) Consider the case where investor A is a domestic investor, while investor B is a foreign investor. Suppose that the central authority can control the transaction cost FA on a domestic investor through appropriate regulations and taxation. Discuss policy implications about the result of subquestion (4).
In subquestion (4), we found that if FA > FA, there is no possibility of speculative attacks. This implies that the central authority can effectively prevent attacks by setting the transaction cost FA higher than the critical value. The policy implications include:
The central authority can stabilize the currency by controlling the transaction cost on domestic investors.Higher transaction costs can discourage investors from selling their home currency, reducing the likelihood of successful attacks and minimizing exchange rate volatility.The optimal level of transaction costs should be carefully determined to balance discouraging attacks and maintaining a well-functioning currency market.Regular assessment of foreign reserve levels is important to adjust transaction costs and ensure stability in the currency market.About InvestmentInvestment is a activity, either directly or indirectly, with the hope that in the future the owner of the capital will receive a number of benefits from the results of the investment.
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1. Differentiate between an acceptance and a counteroffer. Create your OWN EXAMPLE/ SCENARIO to show the difference. (3 marks) 2. Describe TWO (2) situations where an offer will be terminated. (2 marks) 3. See the poster below. Based on the law of contract, answer the following questions: a. Is the poster an offer or an invitation to treat? Explain your answer. (3 marks) b. Who would be entitled to claim the RM1,000 reward? (2 marks) LOST Kelana Jaya, Selangor RM 1,000 Reward
An acceptance is the complete and unconditional agreement of an offer. A counteroffer is a response to an offer that adjusts or changes some of its terms. It is essentially a counter-proposal to the original offer
An offer can be terminated in the following situations:
Revocation - the offeror can revoke or withdraw the offer at any time before it is accepted.Rejection - the offeree can reject the offer.Lapse of time - if the offer has a specified time limit and that time passes without acceptance, the offer terminates.Counteroffer - a counteroffer terminates the original offer and creates a new one.Death or insanity - if the offeror or offeree dies or becomes insane, the offer is automatically terminated.An invitation to treat is an invitation to make an offer. It is not an offer itself. The poster does not contain any of the essential elements of an offer, such as an intention to create legal relations or a definite promise to do something.
The person who finds and returns the lost item would be entitled to claim the RM1,000 reward. This is because the poster creates an offer of a reward for the return of the lost item. The offer is addressed to anyone who finds the item, and the reward is payable to the person who fulfills the condition of returning it.
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Which of the following would be an adjusting entry that you might make at the end of every month using the Journal Entry window?
A Deposits
B Depreciation
C Vendor payments
D Automatic payments
The adjusting entry that you might make at the end of every month using the Journal Entry window is "B Depreciation. The company's financial statements accurately reflect the depreciation expense for that month, and the asset's value is correctly calculated.
"What is Depreciation? Depreciation is an accounting approach that refers to the allocation of a tangible or fixed asset's cost over its useful life. It's a process that helps businesses account for the wear and tear and obsolescence of their assets over time. Adjusting entries are a necessary part of the accounting process that helps to update balances in accounts to comply with accounting principles and show the correct financial position of the company.
A company may need to create an adjusting entry at the end of the month to make sure the company's financial statements are accurate and up-to-date. There are several different adjusting entries that a company may make at the end of each month using the Journal Entry window, but Depreciation is one of the most common. This adjusting entry helps to ensure that the company's financial statements accurately reflect the depreciation expense for that month and that the asset's value is correctly calculated.
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d) Assume that the market for petrol can be analysed using the competitive market model. Using an appropriate diagram, illustrate the impact of the increase in oil prices on firms producing petrol in
The market for petrol is analyzed using the competitive market model. When the price of oil increases, the cost of producing petrol increases. This leads to an increase in the price of petrol, which results in a reduction in demand. This can be illustrated using an appropriate diagram.A competitive market model is one in which there are many buyers and sellers, and no single entity can influence the price of the product. The price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand curves.
The supply curve shows the quantity of petrol that firms are willing and able to produce at various prices, while the demand curve shows the quantity of petrol that buyers are willing and able to purchase at various prices. An increase in oil prices will lead to a shift in the supply curve to the left. This is because firms will be less willing and able to produce petrol at the same price due to the higher cost of production. The new supply curve will intersect the demand curve at a higher price and a lower quantity. This means that the price of petrol will increase, and the quantity demanded will decrease. Firms producing petrol will experience a decrease in revenue as a result of the decrease in quantity demanded. In conclusion, an increase in oil prices will lead to an increase in petrol prices and a decrease in quantity demanded. This will lead to a decrease in revenue for firms producing petrol.
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the vertical distance between a firm's total cost (tc) and its total variable cost (tvc) curves
The vertical distance between a firm's total cost (TC) and its total variable cost (TVC) curves represents the firm's total fixed cost (TFC).
The total cost (TC) of a firm includes both fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are expenses that do not change with the level of production, such as rent, insurance, and salaries. Variable costs, on the other hand, are expenses that vary with the level of production, such as raw materials and labor.
The total variable cost (TVC) curve represents the total cost of variable inputs required to produce a given quantity of output. It increases as production increases since more variable inputs are needed.
The vertical distance between the TC and TVC curves represents the total fixed cost (TFC). TFC remains constant regardless of the level of production. It is the portion of total cost that does not vary with production and is equal to the vertical distance between the TC and TVC curves at any given level of output.
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Moon Associates have obtained the needed capital to not only keep the company running but expand its Renewal by Andersen line through a mortgage loan? If so, how long could such a loan be financed?
Moon Associates is considering expanding its Renewal by Andersen line through a mortgage loan. If the company has secured the required capital through a mortgage loan, then it is highly likely that the company will have to finance this loan for a long duration.
A mortgage loan is a type of loan that is used to finance the purchase of a property or building. The loan is usually secured against the property that it is financing. The length of time that a mortgage loan can be financed for is usually determined by the terms of the loan agreement, the amount of money being borrowed, and the interest rate that is charged.
The length of time that a mortgage loan can be financed for can vary from lender to lender, but in general, mortgage loans can be financed for up to 30 years. However, some lenders may offer shorter or longer repayment terms depending on the borrower's creditworthiness and other factors. In some cases, borrowers may be able to finance a mortgage loan for more than 30 years, but this is less common.
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When an equity method should be adopted for accounting for an inter-corporate investment?Explain with a hypothetical example
Using a hypothetical example, we have that;
If a Company C takes a loan worth 30% of the voting shares of Company D with its board of directors as representatives, Company C would utilize the equity method to ensure proper lookout for the investments made by Company D.
How to determine the equity methodIf a company holds a substantial amount of voting stocks, usually ranging from 20% to 50%, it should use the equity method for accounting to reflect its significant influence over another company.
The equity method necessitates that the investor documents its portion of the recipient's earnings or losses as a modification to the investment account on its balance sheet. This technique is appropriate in cases where the investor possesses the power to impact and direct the investee's strategic and operational choices.
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